Akashi Kaikyō Bridge
| Akashi Kaikyō Bridge 明石海峡大橋 | |
|---|---|
 Akashi Kaikyō Bridge from the air | |
| Coordinates | 34°36′58″N 135°01′12″E / 34.616°N 135.020°ECoordinates: 34°36′58″N 135°01′12″E / 34.616°N 135.020°E |
| Carries | six lanes of roadway |
| Crosses | Akashi Strait[1] |
| Locale | Awaji Island and Kobe[1] |
| Other name(s) | Pearl bridge |
| Maintained by | Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Suspension bridge[1] |
| Total length | 3,911 metres (12,831 ft; 2.430 mi) |
| Height | 282.8 metres (928 ft) (pylons)[1] |
| Longest span | 1,991 metres (6,532 ft; 1.237 mi)[1] |
| Clearance below | 65.72 metres (215.6 ft) |
| History | |
| Designer | Satoshi Kashima |
| Construction begin | 1988[1] |
| Construction end | 1998[1] |
| Opened | April 5, 1998 |
| Statistics | |
| Toll | ¥2,300 |
  Akashi Kaikyō Bridge Location in Japan | |
The Akashi Kaikyō Bridge (明石海峡大橋 Akashi Kaikyō Ō-hashi) is a suspension bridge, which links the city of Kobe on the Japanese mainland of Honshu to Iwaya on Awaji Island. It crosses the busy Akashi Strait (Akashi Kaikyō in Japanese) as part of the Honshu-Shikoku Highway.
Since its completion in 1998,[1] the bridge has had the longest central span of any suspension bridge in the world,[2] at 1,991 metres (6,532 ft; 1.237 mi).
It is one of the key links of the Honshū-Shikoku Bridge Project, which created three routes across the Inland Sea.
History
Before the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge was built, ferries carried passengers across the Akashi Strait in Japan. This dangerous waterway often experiences severe storms, and in 1955 two ferries sank in the strait during a storm, killing 168 people. The ensuing shock and public outrage convinced the Japanese government to develop plans for a suspension bridge to cross the strait. The original plan called for a mixed railway-road bridge, but when construction on the bridge began in April 1988, the construction was restricted to road only, with six lanes. Actual construction did not begin until May 1988, and the bridge was opened for traffic on April 5, 1998.[3]
Structure
The bridge has three spans. The central span is 1,991 m (6,532 ft; 1.237 mi),[1] and the two other sections are each 960 m (3,150 ft; 0.60 mi). The bridge is 3,911 m (12,831 ft; 2.430 mi) long overall. The two towers were originally 1,990 m (6,530 ft; 1.24 mi) apart, but the Great Hanshin earthquake on January 17, 1995, moved the towers so much (only the towers had been erected at the time) that the span had to be increased by 1 m (3.3 ft).[1]
The bridge was designed with a two hinged stiffening girder system, allowing the structure to withstand winds of 286 kilometres per hour (178 mph), earthquakes measuring up to magnitude 8.5, and harsh sea currents. The bridge also contains tuned mass dampers that are designed to operate at the resonance frequency of the bridge to dampen forces. The two main supporting towers rise 282.8 m (928 ft) above sea level, and the bridge can expand because of heat by up to 2 m (6.6 ft) over the course of a day. Each anchorage required 350,000 tonnes (340,000 long tons; 390,000 short tons) of concrete. The steel cables have 300,000 kilometres (190,000 mi) of wire: each cable is 112 centimetres (44 in) in diameter and contains 36,830 strands of wire.[4]
The Akashi-Kaikyo bridge has a total of 1,737 illumination lights: 1,084 for the main cables, 116 for the main towers, 405 for the girders and 132 for the anchorages. On the main cables three high light discharged tubes are mounted in the colors red, green and blue. The RGB model and computer technology make for a variety of combinations. 28 patterns are used for occasions as national or regional holidays, memorial days or festivities.[5]
Cost
The total cost is estimated at 500 billion yen; it is expected to be repaid by charging drivers a toll to cross the bridge. The toll is 2,300 yen and the bridge is used by approximately 23,000 cars per day. At 2,300 yen/car annual revenue would equal 19.5 billion yen. Given the interest expense on 500 billion yen, this bridge will never be repaid, according to TV series MegaStructures.[6] But annual revenue is around 4% of investment, so with near zero interest rates in Japan, the bridge will pay for itself in 30 years, plus enable the growth of the overall economy in the region.
See also
- Great Seto Bridge
- Honshū-Shikoku Bridge Project
- Kurushima-Kaikyō Bridge
- List of longest suspension bridge spans
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Akashi Kaikyo Bridge at Structurae
- ↑ Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge - HSBE
- ↑ Cooper, James D. "World's Longest Suspension Bridge Opens in Japan". United States Department of Transportation - Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ↑ Supporting the Longest Suspension Bridge in the World
- ↑ "Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Akashi Strait, Japan". Retrieved 2015-04-26.
- ↑ Megastructures. National Geographic for Channel Five.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge. |
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