Adamantina Formation

Adamantina Formation
Stratigraphic range: Upper Cretaceous
Type Geological formation
Location
Country  Brazil

The Adamantina Formation is a geological formation in Brazil whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[1] According to most studies,[2][3][4][5] the Adamantina Formation dates from the Turonian to the Santonian stage (90-83.5 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous, although some studies found much younger age - Campanian to Maastrichtian (83.5-66 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous.[6][7]

Geological setting

During the Early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangea started to drift apart due to the breakup of Gondwana and Laurasia.[8] The breakup of Gondwana caused the formation of the large Parana Basin. This basin has a size of ~1,100,000km2 and can be found not only in Brazil but also in Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina.[9] The separation of the supercontinent and the breakup of Brazil and Africa was accompanied by volcanism that caused large eruptions of flood basalts. These volcanic rocks formed the Serra Geral Formation which underlies the deposits of the Bauru Group.[9] The Bauru Basin is a trough that, as Miall (1990) argues,[10] evolved due to “thermo-mechanical subsidence” during the Late Cretaceous, probably due to the breakup of Africa and India.[8] The sediments reach a thickness of up to ~300 m and consist mainly of siliciclastic sediments.[11] The Bauru Group can be subdivided into five different formations [9][12][13][14] from bottom to top: Caiua, Santo Anastacio, Adamantina, and Uberaba. Not all formations are equally well represented in the different states and differences occur according their sedimentary composition and therefore also in their naming.[9]

Vertebrate paleofauna

Crurotarsans

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
 Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Crocodylomorphs of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Adamantinasuchus[15]

A. navae

Six specimens and several isolated bone remains.

A notosuchian
Adamantinasuchus
Armadillosuchus
Baurusuchus salgadoensis
Mariliasuchus amarali

Armadillosuchus[16]

A. arrudai

A notosuchian

Barreirosuchus[17]

B. franciscoi

A trematochampsid

Baurusuchus

B. albertoi[7]

A baurusuchid

B. pachechoi[18]

A baurusuchid

B. salgadoensis[18]

A baurusuchid

Brasileosaurus[18]

B. pachecoi[18]

Caipirasuchus[19]

C. paulistanus

A sphagesaurid

Campinasuchus[5]

C. dinizi

A baurusuchid

Caryonosuchus[20]

C. pricei

A sphagesaurid

Goniopholis[18]

G. paulistanus

Known only from two isolated teeth.[17]

A goniopholidid

Mariliasuchus

M. amarali[18]

Very common. Several specimens - juvenile and adults – with skull articulated to skeleton, and many isolated materials. Eggs clutches, eggshells and coprolites was found also.

A notosuchian

M. robustus[21]

A notosuchian

Montealtosuchus[22]

M. arrudacamposi

A peirosaurid

Morrinhosuchus[23]

M. luziae

A notosuchian

Sphagesaurus

S. huenei[18]

A sphagesaurid

S. montealtensis[6]

A sphagesaurid

Stratiotosuchus[15]

S. maxhechti

A baurusuchid

Ornithodirans

Indeterminate dinosaur remains are known from the formation.[1] An unnamed lithostrotian is known from the formation.

Dinosaurs of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Abelisaurid[24]

Indeterminate

"fragment of rt. premaxilla and a tooth"

Adamantisaurus[25]

A. mezzalirai
Adamantisaurus mezzalirai

Aeolosaurus[26]

A. maximus

"Single partially articulated skeleton."

Antarctosaurus

"A." brasiliensis

"Postcranial remains."[27]

Gondwanatitan

G. faustoi

"Partial postcranial skeleton."[28]

Maxakalisaurus[29]

M. topai

?Megalosaurus

Indeterminate

Actually indeterminate theropod remains.

Titanosaurus

T. cf. australis

Actually indeterminate lithostrotian remains.

Unenlagiinae indet.[30]

A single dorsal vertebra.

Pycnonemosaurus

5 incomplete teeth, 7 caudal vertebrae, part of right pubis, 

Right tibia, and an articulation of the right fibula

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  2. ↑ Turner, A.H.; Calvo, J.O. (2005). "A new sebecosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (1): 87–98. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0087:ANSCFT]2.0.CO;2.
  3. ↑ Nava, William R.; Agustín G. Martinelli (2011). "A new squamate lizard from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), São Paulo State, Brazil" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83 (1): 291–299. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100017. ISSN 0001-3765.
  4. ↑ Turner, A.H.; Sertich, J.W. (2010). "Phylogenetic history of Simosuchus clarki (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (6, Memoir 10): 177–236. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.532348.
  5. 1 2 Ismar De Souza Carvalho, Vicente De Paula Antunes Teixeira, Mara Lúcia Da Fonseca Ferraz, Luiz Carlos Borges Ribeiro, Agustín Guillermo Martinelli, Francisco Macedo Neto, Joseph J. W. Sertich, Gabriel Cardoso Cunha, Isabella Cardoso Cunha and Patrícia Fonseca Ferraz (2011). "Campinasuchus dinizi gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Cretaceous baurusuchid (Crocodyliformes) from the Bauru Basin, Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa 2871: 19–42.
  6. 1 2 Marco Brandalise de Andrade and Reinaldo J. Bertini (2008). "A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Group, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae". Historical Biology 20 (2): 101–136. doi:10.1080/08912960701642949.
  7. 1 2 Paulo Miranda Nascimento and Hussam Zaher (2010). "A new species of Baurusuchus (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil, with the first complete postcranial skeleton described from the family Baurusuchidae" (PDF). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 50 (21): 323‑361. doi:10.1590/s0031-10492010002100001.
  8. 1 2 Rabassa, J. (2014). Some concepts on Gondwana landscapes: long-term landscape evolution, genesis, distribution and age. In Gondwana Landscapes in southern South America (pp. 9-46). Springer Netherlands.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Goldberg, K., & Garcia, A. J. (2000). Palaeobiogeography of the Bauru Group, a dinosaur-bearing Cretaceous unit, northeastern Paraná Basin, Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 21(2), 241-254
  10. ↑ Miall, A. D. (1990). Principles of sedimentary basin analysis (Vol. 633, p. 499). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  11. ↑ Candeiro, C. R. A., Abranches, C. T., Abrantes, E. A., Avilla, L. D. S., Martins, V. C., Moreira, A. L., ... & Bergqvist, L. P. (2004). Dinosaurs remains from western São Paulo state, Brazil (Bauru Basin, Adamantina Formation, Upper Cretaceous). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 18(1), 1-10.
  12. ↑ Soares, P. C., Landim, P. M. B., Fulfaro, V. J., & Neto, A. S. (1980). Ensaio de caracterização estratigráfica do Cretáceo no estado de São Paulo: Grupo Bauru. Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 10(3), 177-185.
  13. ↑ Souza Jr, J. J. (1984). O Grupo Bauru na porcao mais setentrional da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. In 33 Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, Rio de Janeiro (Vol. 2, pp. 944-957).
  14. ↑ Dias-Brito, D., Musacchio, E. A., de Castro, J. C., Maranhão, M. S. A. S., Suárez, J. M., & Rodrigues, R. (2001). Grupo Bauru: uma unidade continental do Cretáceo no Brasil-concepções baseadas em dados micropaleontológicos, isotópicos e estratigráficos. Revue de Paléobiologie, 20(1), 245-304.
  15. 1 2 Nobre, Pedro Henrique; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza (2006). "Adamantinasuchus navae: A new Gondwanan Crocodylomorpha (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil" (pdf). Gondwana Research 10: 370–378. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2006.05.008.
  16. ↑ Marinho, Thiago S.; Carvalho, Ismar S. (2009). "An armadillo-like sphagesaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences 27 (1): 36–41. Bibcode:2009JSAES..27...36M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2008.11.005.
  17. 1 2 Fabiano Vidoi Iori and Karina Lucia Garcia (2012). "Barreirosuchus franciscoi, um novo Crocodylomorpha Trematochampsidae da Bacia Bauru, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Geociências 42 (2): 397–410. doi:10.5327/z0375-75362012000200013.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Campos, Antonio de Celso Arruda; and Nobre, Pedro Henrique (2005). "Baurusuchus salgadoensis, a new Crocodylomorpha from the Bauru Basin (Cretaceous), Brazil" (PDF). Gondwana Research 8 (1): 11–30. doi:10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70259-8.
  19. ↑ Fabiano V. Iori and Ismar S. Carvalho (2011). "Caipirasuchus paulistanus, a new sphagesaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Turonian–Santonian), Bauru Basin, Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (6): 1255–1264. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.602777.
  20. ↑ Alexander W. A. Kellner, Diogenes A. Campos, Douglas Riff and Marco Brandalise de Andrade (2011). "A new crocodylomorph (Sphagesauridae, Notosuchia) with horn-like tubercles from Brazil". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (s1): S57–S65. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00712.x.
  21. ↑ Pedro Henrique Nobre; Ismar de Souza Carvalho; Felipe Mesquita de Vasconcellos & Willian Roberto Nava (2007). "Mariliasuchus robustus, a new Crocodylomorpha (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Bauru Basin, Brazil" (pdf). Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 30 (1): 38–49. ISSN 0101-9759.
  22. ↑ Ismar de Souza Carvalho, Felipe Mesquita de Vasconcellos and Sandra Aparecida Simionato Tavares (2007). "Montealtosuchus arrudacamposi, a new peirosaurid crocodile (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa 1607: 35–46.
  23. ↑ Iori, F.V.; Carvalho, I.S. (2009). "Morrinhosuchus luziae, um novo Crocodylomorpha Notosuchia da Bacia Bauru, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Geociências 39 (4): 717–725.
  24. ↑ Ariel H. Méndez, Fernando E. Novas & Fabiano V. Iori (2014) New record of abelisauroid theropods from the Bauru Group (Upper Cretaceous), São Paulo State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 17(1): 23-32 doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.1.03
  25. ↑ Santucci, R.A & Bertini, R.J. (2006). "A new titanosaur from western São Paulo State, Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group, south-east Brazil". Palaeontology 49 (1): 171–185.
  26. ↑ Rodrigo M. Santucci and Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos (2011). "A new sauropod (Macronaria, Titanosauria) from the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and the phylogenetic relationships of Aeolosaurini" (PDF). Zootaxa 3085: 1–33.
  27. ↑ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 270.
  28. ↑ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 269.
  29. ↑ Kellner, A.W.A., Campos, D.A., Azevedo, S.A.K., Trotta, M.N.F., Henriques, D.D.R., Craik, M.M.T., and Silva, H.P. (2006). "On a new titanosaur sauropod from the Bauru Group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Boletim do Museu Nacional (Geologia) 74: 1–31.
  30. ↑ Candeiro, C. R. A.; Cau, A.; Fanti, F.; Nava, W. R.; Novas, F. E. (2012). "First evidence of an unenlagiid (Dinosauria, Theropoda, Maniraptora) from the Bauru Group, Brazil". Cretaceous Research. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.04.001.

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