Acacia pubescens

Acacia pubescens
cult. Sydney
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Acacia
Species: A. pubescens
Binomial name
Acacia pubescens
(Vent.) R.Br.
Synonyms

Racosperma pubescens (Vent.) Pedley

Acacia pubescens, also known as the downy wattle, is an endangered wattle found in the Sydney Basin in central New South Wales. Much of its habitat has vanished with the growth of the city of Sydney.

Taxonomy

French botanist Étienne Pierre Ventenat described the downy wattle in 1803, in his Jardin de la Malmaison as Mimosa pubescens.[2] It had been grown at the Château de Malmaison in the garden of the Empress Joséphine de Beauharnais.[3] Robert Brown gave it its current name in 1813 in Hortus Kewensis.[4] Common names include downy wattle and hairy-stemmed wattle.[4] Derived from the Latin pubescens "hairy", the species name relates to the hairy stems.[5] Along with other bipinnate wattles, it is classified in the section Botrycephalae within the subgenus Phyllodineae in the genus Acacia. An analysis of genomic and chloroplast DNA along with morphological characters found that the section is polyphyletic, though the close relationships of it and many other species were unable to be resolved.[6]

Hybrids with Cootamundra wattle (Acacia baileyana) and West Wyalong wattle (A. cardiophylla) have been reported.[5]

Description

Acacia pubescens grows as a shrub to small tree anywhere from 1 to 5 m (3.3 to 16.4 ft) high. The smooth bark is grey-brown in colour, and the branches can have a slightly drooping or weeping habit. Like all wattles, the downy wattle has leaf-like structures known as phyllodes which are compound (pinnate) and measure 1.5–6.5 cm (0.59–2.56 in) in length with 3 to 12 pairs of smaller "leaves" or pinnae, each 0.5–2.5 cm (0.20–0.98 in) long, and themselves composite - composed of 5 to 20 pairs of pinnules. Arranged in racemes, the globular yellow flowers appear in spring (August to October),[5] peaking in September. Flowering is followed by the development of 3–7 cm long seed pods, which ripen over October to December.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Endemic to New South Wales, Acacia pubescens is restricted to the Sydney Basin, where is found in scattered populations from Bardwell Valley to Oakdale and Mountain Lagoon. Most plants are located around Bankstown, Fairfield and Rookwood in southwestern Sydney, and Pitt Town in the city's northwest.[8] Most of its habitat has vanished with the spread of housing in Sydney's suburbs,[3] and it is classified as "Vulnerable".[1] It is found on clay soils and associated plant communities—alluvial- and shale-based soils. It grows in open sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as grey box (Eucalyptus moluccana), broad-leaved ironbark (E. fibrosa), white feather honeymyrtle (Melaleuca decora), and blackthorn (Bursaria spinosa).[7]

References

  1. 1 2 NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Sydney (February 2003). "2. Legislative Context". National recovery plan for the Downy Wattle (Acacia pubescens). Environment Australia. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  2. ↑ "Mimosa pubescens Vent.". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  3. 1 2 "Acacia pubescens". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
  4. 1 2 "Acacia pubescens (Vent.) R.Br.". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  5. 1 2 3 New South Wales Flora Online: Acacia pubescens by P.G. Kodela, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
  6. ↑ Brown, Gillian K.; Ariati, Siti R.; Murphy, Daniel J.; Miller, Joseph T. H.; Ladiges, Pauline Y. (1991). "Bipinnate acacias (Acacia subg. Phyllodineae sect. Botrycephalae) of eastern Australia are polyphyletic based on DNA sequence data". Australian Systematic Botany 19 (4): 315–26. doi:10.1071/SB05039.
  7. 1 2 Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1996). "Ecology of Sydney Plant Species Part 4: Dicotyledon family Fabaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia 4 (4): 552–752. ISSN 0727-9620.
  8. ↑ Threatened Species Unit, Conservation Programs and Planning Division. "Threatened Species Information:Acacia pubescens" (PDF). NSW NPWS.
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