Beta-actin

Actin, beta
PDB rendering based on 1atn.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 3BYH​, 3D2U​, 3J82​, 3LUE​
Identifiers
Symbols	ACTB ; BRWS1; PS1TP5BP1
External IDs	OMIM: 102630 MGI: 87904 HomoloGene: 110648 GeneCards: ACTB Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding • structural constituent of cytoskeleton • protein binding • ATP binding • kinesin binding • Tat protein binding • nucleosomal DNA binding • identical protein binding • nitric-oxide synthase binding Cellular component • nuclear chromatin • extracellular space • nucleoplasm • cytoplasm • cytosol • cytoskeleton • plasma membrane • focal adhesion • membrane • ribonucleoprotein complex • cortical cytoskeleton • NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex • cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule • myelin sheath • protein complex • extracellular exosome • MLL5-L complex • blood microparticle • dense body Biological process • retina homeostasis • chromatin organization • protein folding • movement of cell or subcellular component • small GTPase mediated signal transduction • axon guidance • blood coagulation • substantia nigra development • cell junction assembly • adherens junction organization • Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis • ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling • cellular protein metabolic process • innate immune response • cell-cell junction organization • vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway • ephrin receptor signaling pathway • 'de novo' posttranslational protein folding • membrane organization • platelet aggregation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	60	11461
Ensembl	ENSG00000075624	ENSMUSG00000029580
UniProt	P60709	P60710
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001101	NM_007393
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001092	NP_031419
Location (UCSC)	Chr 7: 5.53 – 5.56 Mb	Chr 5: 142.9 – 142.91 Mb
PubMed search

Beta-actin (human gene and protein symbol ACTB/ACTB) is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified in humans. This is one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins. Actins are highly conserved proteins^[1][2] that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.^[3]

Interactions

Beta-actin has been shown to interact with SPTBN2.^[4][5] In addition, RNA-binding protein Sam68 was found to interact with the mRNA encoding β-actin, which regulates the synaptic formation of the dendritic spines with its cytoskeletal components.

Beta-actin has been shown to activate eNOS, thereby increasing NO production. An eight-amino acid residue (326-333) in actin has been shown to mediate the interaction between actin and eNOS^[6]

Clinical relevance

Recurrent mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.^[7]

Applications

Beta actin is usually used as a loading control, for among others, the integrity of cells, protein degradation, in PCR and Western blotting. Its molecular weight is approximately 42 kDa.

References

Further reading

See also

• Actin
• ACTA1

PDB gallery 1atn: Atomic structure of the actin:DNASE I complex  1c0f: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DICTYOSTELIUM CAATP-ACTIN IN COMPLEX WITH GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1  1c0g: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1:1 COMPLEX BETWEEN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1 AND A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 228: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/E360H)  1d4x: Crystal Structure of Caenorhabditis Elegans Mg-ATP Actin Complexed with Human Gelsolin Segment 1 at 1.75 A resolution.  1dej: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 646: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/A231K/S232E/E360H) IN COMPLEX WITH HUMAN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1  1eqy: COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA-ACTIN: HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1  1esv: COMPLEX BETWEEN LATRUNCULIN A:RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA ACTIN:HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1  1h1v: GELSOLIN G4-G6/ACTIN COMPLEX  1hlu: STRUCTURE OF BOVINE BETA-ACTIN-PROFILIN COMPLEX WITH ACTIN BOUND ATP PHOSPHATES SOLVENT ACCESSIBLE  1ijj: THE X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIN AND LATRUNCULIN A AT 2.85 A RESOLUTION  1j6z: UNCOMPLEXED ACTIN  1kxp: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN  1lcu: Polylysine Induces an Antiparallel Actin Dimer that Nucleates Filament Assembly: Crystal Structure at 3.5 A Resolution  1lot: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF ACTIN WITH VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN  1m8q: Molecular Models of Averaged Rigor Crossbridges from Tomograms of Insect Flight Muscle  1ma9: Crystal structure of the complex of human vitamin D binding protein and rabbit muscle actin  1mdu: Crystal structure of the chicken actin trimer complexed with human gelsolin segment 1 (GS-1)  1mvw: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1nlv: Crystal Structure Of Dictyostelium Discoideum Actin Complexed With Ca ATP And Human Gelsolin Segment 1  1nm1: Crystal Structure of D. Dicsoideum Actin Complexed With Gelsolin Segment 1 and Mg ATP at 1.8 A Resolution  1nmd: Crystal Structure of D. Discoideum Actin-Gelsolin Segment 1 Complex Crystallized In Presence Of Lithium ATP  1nwk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MONOMERIC ACTIN IN THE ATP STATE  1o18: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1o19: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1o1a: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1o1b: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1o1c: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1o1d: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1o1e: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1o1f: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1o1g: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE  1p8z: Complex Between Rabbit Muscle alpha-Actin: Human Gelsolin Residues Val26-Glu156  1qz5: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with kabiramide C  1qz6: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with jaspisamide A  1rdw: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer  1rfq: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer  1rgi: Crystal structure of gelsolin domains G1-G3 bound to actin  1s22: Absolute Stereochemistry of Ulapualide A  1sqk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CIBOULOT IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN  1t44: Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-B4: Implications for arp2/3 activation  1wua: The structure of Aplyronine A-actin complex  1y64: Bni1p Formin Homology 2 Domain complexed with ATP-actin  1yxq: Crystal structure of actin in complex with swinholide A  2a3z: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WASP with Actin-DNAse I  2a40: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WAVE with Actin-DNAse I  2a41: Ternary complex of the WH2 Domain of WIP with Actin-DNAse I  2a42: Actin-DNAse I Complex  2a5x: Crystal Structure of a Cross-linked Actin Dimer  2asm: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide A  2aso: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Sphinxolide B  2asp: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide C  2btf: THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE PROFILIN-BETA-ACTIN  2d1k: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of mim with actin-dnase I  2ff3: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:N-wasp V2 motif hybrid in complex with actin  2ff6: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:ciboulot domain 2 hybrid in complex with actin  2fxu: X-ray Structure of Bistramide A- Actin Complex at 1.35 A resolution.  2gwj: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: hexagonal crystal form  2gwk: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: orthorhombic crystal form  2hf3: Crystal structure of monomeric Actin in the ADP bound state  2hf4: Crystal structure of Monomeric Actin in its ATP-bound state  2hmp: Uncomplexed actin cleaved with protease ECP32  2oan: Structure of oxidized beta-actin  2q1n: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374  2q31: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374 and proteolytically cleaved by subtilisin between residues 47 and 48.  2q36: Actin Dimer Cross-linked between Residues 191 and 374 and complexed with Kabiramide C