93d Air Refueling Squadron

93d Air Refueling Squadron
Active	1942-1946; 1949 – present
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Air refueling
Part of	Air Mobility Command 18th Air Force 92d Air Refueling Wing 92d Operations Group
Garrison/HQ	Fairchild Air Force Base
Nickname(s)	Vanguards (World War II)
Motto	Domini Artis Latin Masters of the Art
Engagements	China-Burma-India Theater
Decorations	Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat V Device Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Insignia
93d Air Refueling Squadron emblem(Approved 9 December 1994)[1]
93d Air Refueling Squadron emblem (Approved 22 June 1955)[2]
493d Bombardment Squadron emblem[3]
Aircraft flown
Tanker	KC-135 Stratotanker

The 93d Air Refueling Squadron is part of the 92d Air Refueling Wing at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington. It operates the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft conducting air refueling missions.

History

World War II

The squadron was first activated as the 493d Bombardment Squadron in nonoperational status at Karachi, India,^{[note 1]} and assigned to the 7th Bombardment Group on 25 Oct 1942. The squadron remained unmanned while the older squadrons of the 7th Group were converting to the Consolidated B-24 Liberator.^[4] When the group and squadron moved to Pandaveswar Airfield in early January 1943 it became operational with Liberators.^[1] It commenced combat operations on 26 Jan 1943.

The squadron engaged in strategic bombardment operations, attacking communications targets (roads, railroads, etc.)^[1] in central and southern Burma, all without fighter escort due to the long distances involved. Primary targets were oil refineries, docks, depots, enemy airfields, marshalling yards, bridges, locomotive repair sheds, naval vessels, and troop concentrations. The 493d moved to Tezgaon Airfield, India, on 17 Jun 1944, and assumed a new mission: transporting high-octane gasoline over the Hump to bases in China. This mission lasted until 5 October, at which time the squadron moved back to Pandaveswar to resume bombing missions. A detachment of the 493rd Squadron operated from Luliang Airfield, China from 17 December 1944 until 26 January 1945,^[1] hauling gasoline to Suichwan Airfield, China.

The squadron proper began practice with Azon ("Azimuth only") manual command to line of sight bombs. Apparently the squadron was the only USAAF unit to use this weapon outside of the European Theater of World War II. The Azon bombs were radio controlled and could be steered left or right, although their trajectory could not be changed to shorten or lengthen their flight to target. The Azon trained crews and their B-24s were initially assigned to the 9th Bombardment Squadron. However, in December 1944, the crews and planes were reassigned to the 493d and Azon missions began to be flown. Azon proved effective in attacks against bridges and rail lines.^[1][5] In early 1945 the squadron concentrated on attacks against the Burma-Thailand railroad, the most important line left to the enemy in Burma. On 19 March, the 493d earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for attacks against rail lines and bridges in Thailand.^[4] The squadron also dropped propaganda leaflets in Thailand from June through September 1945 for the Office of War Information.^[6]

After fighting ended in Burma the 493rd Bomb Squadron was ordered to practice Azon bombing in China, but soon “alerted” for inactivation. With its parent (7th Bomb Group) the 493rd staged through Dudhkundi, Kanchrapara, and Camp Angus (near Calcutta), departing Calcutta aboard the USS General W. M. Black on 7 December 1945. The vessel reached the U.S. on 5 January 1946 and the squadron inactivated at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, the following day^[1]

Strategic Air Command

Activated on 1 Mar 1949 as the 93rd Air Refueling Squadron, Medium, but was not manned until September 1950. Received KB-29P Superfortress tankers, October 1950-Jun 1951. Became combat ready in October 1951. The 93rd ARS deployed to RAF Upper Heyford, England, 6 Dec 1951 – 6 Mar 1952, while the parent wing was at nearby RAF Mildenhall. The squadron supported Operation FOX PETER II, the movement of the 31st Fighter-Escort Wing from the U.S. to Japan, in July 1952 using 11 KB-20Ps at Guam and Kwajalein to refuel some 58 F-84G fighters on their way to the Korean War. The squadron converted from KB-29s to KC-97G Stratotankers in November and December 1953. It undertook several oversea deployments, to Newfoundland, Greenland, French Morocco, and Alaska, in 1954-1956.

The 93rd ARS began training its aircrews to operate KC-135 Stratotankers in May 1957. Began receiving KC-135s on 28 Jun 1957, three days after converting to KC-135 aircrew training as primary mission. Possessed 19 tankers in December 1957 and 39 by May 1958.

Effective 1 Jul 1959, the resources of the 93rd ARS were divided with the 924th ARS, which unit assumed the SAC KC-135 aircrew training mission with 15 aircraft. The 93rd ARS, at the same time, resumed full-time air refueling with 20 KC-135s. This status lasted until 21 Aug 1963, when the 93rd ARS ceased standing alert and prepared to resume full-time KC-135 aircrew training. On the 26th of August the 93rd once again began KC-135 aircrew training as its primary mission. It retained Emergency War Order (EWO) commitments along with its training mission, but did not stand alert.

Modern era

The squadron’s mission remained basically the same until 31 Mar 1995. Thousands of Strategic Air Command and some Air Mobility Command KC-135 aircrews received flight training from the 93 ARS. Each crew (pilot, copilot, navigator, and boom operator), after academic training with the 4017th Training Squadron at Castle AFB, received 45 days of flight training from the 93rd ARS. The squadron also provided specialized training of shorter duration to senior officers (such as wing commanders). For a period the 93rd ARS also sent instructor teams to locations where Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard units were converting to KC-135 tanker operations to help in-house training programs. On rare occasions the 93rd had deployed some of its aircraft and crews to meet its own EWO commitments or to meet needs exceeding the capability of the 924th ARS. A few such deployments occurred in 1980. With the BRAC-directed closure of Castle AFB, On 31 Mar 1995, the 93 ARS relocated to Fairchild AFB, Washington, and became a deployable air refueling squadron under the 92d Air Refueling Wing (92 ARW).

Lineage

493d Bombardment Squadron

• Constituted as the 493 Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 19 September 1942

Activated on 25 October 1942

Redesignated 493 Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 6 March 1944

Inactivated on 6 January 1946

• Consolidated with the 93 Air Refueling Squadron as the 93 Air Refueling Squadron on 19 September 1985^[1]

93d Air Refueling Squadron

Constituted as the 93 Air Refueling Squadron, Medium on 2 February 1949

Activated on 1 March 1949

Redesignated 93 Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy on 1 February 1955

Redesignated 93 Air Refueling Squadron on 1 September 1991

Inactivated on 31 March 1995

• Consolidated with the 493 Bombardment Squadron on 19 September 1985
• Activated on 31 March 1995^[1]

Assignments

• 7th Bombardment Group, 25 October 1942 – 6 January 1946
• 93d Bombardment Group, 1 March 1949 (attached to 93d Bombardment Wing, 15 July 1950 - 30 January 1951 and after 10 February 1951
• 93d Bombardment Wing, 16 June 1952
• 93d Operations Group, 1 September 1991
• 398th Operations Group, 1 June 1992 – 31 March 1995
• 92d Operations Group, 31 March 1995 – Present^[1]

Stations

Aircraft

• Consolidated B-24 Liberator (1943–1945)
• Boeing KB-29 Superfortress (1950–1953)
• Boeing KC-97 Stratotanker (1953–1957)
• Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker (1957–1995, 1995-Present)^[1]

Operations

• World War II
• Operation Desert Storm

See also

Air Mobility Command (AMC) Numbered Air Forces Eighteenth Air Force Command Organizations 618th Air and Space Operations Center (Tanker Airlift Control Center) USAF Expeditionary Center Special Air Mission Bases Andrews Charleston Dover Dyess Fairchild Grand Forks Hickam Little Rock MacDill McChord McConnell McGuire Pope Ramstein Scott Travis Groups 43d Airlift 317th Airlift Wings Air Base 87th 628th 319th Air Mobility 6th 60th 305th 375th Air Refueling (Tanker) 22d 92d Airlift 19th 62d 89th 436th 437th Air Mobility Operations 515th 521st Contingency Response 621st

United States Air Force Leadership Secretary of the Air Force Under Secretary of the Air Force Chief of Staff Vice Chief of Staff Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force 4-star generals House Armed Services Committee House Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services Senate Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces Structure Commands Reserve Air National Guard Field Operating Agencies Installations Direct Reporting Units District of Washington Operational Test and Evaluation Center USAF Academy Major Commands Air Combat Air Education and Training Air Mobility Global Strike Materiel Reserve Space Special Operations Europe & Africa Pacific Numbered Air Forces First Second Third Fourth Fifth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-Second Twenty-Third Twenty-Fourth Twenty-Fifth Wings (ANG) Groups (ANG) Squadrons (ANG) Civilian auxiliary: Civil Air Patrol Personnel and training Airmen Rank Officers Enlisted Specialty Code Aeronautical ratings Judge Advocate General's Corps RED HORSE Medical Service Chief of Chaplains Chief Scientist Training: USAF Academy Officer Training School Reserve Officer Training Corps Basic Training Airman Leadership School SERE Fitness Assessment Uniforms and equipment Awards and decorations Badges Equipment Uniforms History and traditions History Army Air Service / Corps / Forces "The U.S. Air Force" Air Force Band The Airmen of Note Tops In Blue Airman's Creed Core Values Flag Symbol Memorial National Museum Air Force One Honor Guard Thunderbirds Service numbers Category Portal

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

• Endicott, Judy G. (1998). Active Air Force Wings as of 1 October 1995 and USAF Active Flying, Space, and Missile Squadrons as of 1 October 1995 (PDF). Air Force History and Museums Program. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ASIN B000113MB2. Retrieved July 2, 2014. 
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. 
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556. 

Further reading

• Carter, Kit C.; Mueller, Robert. Combat Chronology, 1941-1945 (PDF). U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II. Washington DC: Center for Air Force History. ISBN 978-0405121517. LCCN 92115046. Retrieved April 6, 2015. 

External links

• "Personnel of the 493rd Bombardment Squadron". Retrieved April 6, 2015.