838
This article is about the year 838. For the number, see 838 (number).
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 8th century – 9th century – 10th century |
| Decades: | 800s 810s 820s – 830s – 840s 850s 860s |
| Years: | 835 836 837 – 838 – 839 840 841 |
| 838 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 838 DCCCXXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1591 |
| Armenian calendar | 287 ԹՎ ՄՁԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5588 |
| Bengali calendar | 245 |
| Berber calendar | 1788 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1382 |
| Burmese calendar | 200 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6346–6347 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁巳年 (Fire Snake) 3534 or 3474 — to — 戊午年 (Earth Horse) 3535 or 3475 |
| Coptic calendar | 554–555 |
| Discordian calendar | 2004 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 830–831 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4598–4599 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 894–895 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 760–761 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3939–3940 |
| Holocene calendar | 10838 |
| Iranian calendar | 216–217 |
| Islamic calendar | 223–224 |
| Japanese calendar | Jōwa 5 (承和５年) |
| Julian calendar | 838 DCCCXXXVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3171 |
| Minguo calendar | 1074 before ROC 民前1074年 |
| Seleucid era | 1149/1150 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1380–1381 |
Map of the Byzantine–Arab War (837–838)
Year 838 (DCCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- July 22 – Battle of Dazimon: Caliph Al-Mu'tasim launches a major punitive expedition against the Byzantine Empire, targeting the two major Byzantine fortress cities of central Anatolia, Ancyra and Amorium. He mobilishes a vast army (80,000 men) at Tarsus, which is divided into two main forces. The northern force, under commander Al-Afshin, invades the Armeniac Theme from the region of Melitene, joining up with the forces of the city's emir, Umar al-Aqta. The southern, main force, under Al-Mu'tasim, passes the Cilician Gates into Cappadocia. Emperor Theophilos attacks the Abbasids, inflicting 3,000 casualties but is later heavily defeated by a counter-attack of 10,000 Turkish horse archers. Theophilos with his guard are encircled, and barely manage to break through and escape.[1][2][3]
- Summer – Siege of Amorium: The Abbasids besiege the Byzantine fortress city of Amorium which is protected by 44 towers, according to the contemporary geographer Ibn Khordadbeh. Both besiegers and besieged have many siege engines, and for several days both sides exchange missile fire. However, an Muslim prisoner defects to Al-Mu'tasim, and informs him about a place in the wall which has been badly damaged by heavy rainfall. The Abbasids concentrate their hits on this section, and after two days manage to breach the city wall. After two weeks of repeated attacks, the Byzantine defenders surrender. The city is sacked and plundered, 70,000 inhabitants are slaughtered and the surviving population is sold as slaves.
Europe
- Pepin I, king of Aquitaine, dies after a 21-year reign. Emperor Louis the Pious appoints his youngest son Charles the Bald as his successor. The Aquitainian nobility, however, elects Pepin's son Pepin II as new Frankish ruler.
Britain
- Battle of Hingston Down: The West Saxons led by king Egbert of Wessex defeat a combined force of Cornish and Danish Vikings at Hingston Down in Cornwall.[4]
- Fedelmid mac Crimthainn, king of Munster, calls for a great royal meeting at Cluain-Conaire-Tommain between him and king Niall Caille mac Áeda of Uí Néill.[5]
- Approximate date – The Stone of Destiny, an oblong block of red sandstone, is placed at Scone Palace for the coronation of the first monarchs of Scotland.
Arabian Empire
- Discovery of a conspiracy led by general 'Ujayf ibn 'Anbasa to assassinate Al-Mu'tasim while he is campaigning, and place his nephew Al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun on the throne. A widespread purge of the army follows, which cements the leading role of the Turkish slave-soldiers (ghilman) in the Abbasid military establishment.
- Babak Khorramdin, a Persian military leader, is cruelly executed by order of Al-Mu'tasim.[6]
- Approximate date – Yezidi uprising against the Abbasids.[7]
By topic
Religion
- Oldest known mentioning of the city of Rheine on the Ems River (modern Germany).
- Approximate date – The Khazars convert to Judaism.
Births
- Æthelswith, Anglo-Saxon queen (approximate date)
Deaths
- Al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun, Muslim prince and general
- Babak Khorramdin, Persian military leader
- Boniface II, margrave of Tuscany (approximate date)
- Frederick of Utrecht, Frisian bishop (approximate date)
- Pepin I of Aquitaine, king of Aquitaine (b. 797)
- Ralpacan, king of Tibet (approximate date)
- Ratimir, duke of Pannonian Croatia
- 'Ujayf ibn 'Anbasa, Muslim general
- Willerich, bishop of Bremen
- Ziyadat Allah I, Muslim emir
References
- ↑ Treadgold 1997, p. 441.
- ↑ Haldon 2001, p. 80.
- ↑ Kiapidou 2003, Chapter 1.
- ↑ Charles-Edwards, pp. 428–31; Padel, "Cornwall", Davies, p. 342; Stenton, p. 235.
- ↑ Annals of Innisfallen, 838. Seán Mac Airt, The Annals of Innisfallen Dublin: 1951 available at UCC Celt Website.
- ↑ The Golden Age of Islam by Maurice Lombard, p. 152. ISBN 1-55876-322-8.
- ↑ M. Th. Houtsma, 1993, E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936: Volume 4 - p. 1136, Brill.
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