732
This article is about the year 732. For the number, see 732 (number).
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 7th century – 8th century – 9th century |
| Decades: | 700s 710s 720s – 730s – 740s 750s 760s |
| Years: | 729 730 731 – 732 – 733 734 735 |
| 732 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 732 DCCXXXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1485 |
| Armenian calendar | 181 ԹՎ ՃՁԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5482 |
| Bengali calendar | 139 |
| Berber calendar | 1682 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1276 |
| Burmese calendar | 94 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6240–6241 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 3428 or 3368 — to — 壬申年 (Water Monkey) 3429 or 3369 |
| Coptic calendar | 448–449 |
| Discordian calendar | 1898 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 724–725 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4492–4493 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 788–789 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 654–655 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3833–3834 |
| Holocene calendar | 10732 |
| Iranian calendar | 110–111 |
| Islamic calendar | 113–114 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenpyō 4 (天平４年) |
| Julian calendar | 732 DCCXXXII |
| Korean calendar | 3065 |
| Minguo calendar | 1180 before ROC 民前1180年 |
| Seleucid era | 1043/1044 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1274–1275 |
Year 732 (DCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 732 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Europe
- Battle of the River Garonne: A Muslim army (50,000 men) under Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, governor of Al-Andalus, crosses the Pyrenees through the Roncesvalles Pass and raids widely, ravaging the cities Oloron, Lescar, Bayonne, and burning the abbey of Saint-Sever. Muslim forces destroy the monastery of Saint-Émilion and defeat the 'Count of Libourne'. Abdul Rahman sacks and captures Bordeaux, and nearly wipes out the army of duke Eudes of Aquitaine, at the Garonne River.[1]
- Summer – Eudes of Aquitaine heads for the Frankish city of Reims to warn Charles Martel, Merovingian mayor of the palace, of the Umayyad invasion in Gaul and ask for his support against the invaders. The two leaders meet near Paris, Charles issues a 'general ban' to raise a army which includes large numbers of Austrasians, Neustrians, and Burgundians. Meanwhile Muslims ravage the cities Périgueux, Saintes and Angoulême then sack the basilica of Saint-Hilaire outside Poitiers.[2]
- September – Charles Martel leads his Frankish army (30,000 men) to Orleans and crosses the Loire River, probably accompanied by Eudes of Aquitaine with his remaining troops. He makes camp near Tours, probably at Ballan-Miré south-west of the fortress city in order to protect the abbey of Saint Martin. Charles defeats or forces back Muslim scouts or advance guard between the rivers Indre and Creuse. Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi pulls back to establish a position at the Vienne River.[3]
- October – The Frankish army crosses the Vienne River and establishes a camp at or around the partially abandoned Roman mansion or agricultural settlement now known as 'Vieux-Poitiers' (near Châtellerault), perhaps using the Roman theatre with its substantial towers as a fortification. Charles Martel forms a defensive position across the Roman road, and fends off Muslim skirmishes during the 'seven days' stand-off. Probably involving scouts, and perhaps raiders from both armies.[4]
- October 10 – Battle of Tours: The Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel defeat a large army of Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, near Poitiers. Halting the Islamic advance into Western Europe, Rahman Al Ghafiqi is killed during the battle. Charles extends his authority in the south of France which gives him the nickname Martellus ("The Hammer"). The outcome of the victory is a turning point, and establishes a balance of power between Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire.[5]
- Muslim forces withdraw southwards to Septimania, a separate part probably pulls back along the road it originally came across the Pyrenean mountains. Eudes of Aquitaine pursues the main Muslim army via La Marche before returning to Bordeaux; Charles Martel witdraws to Frankish territory through Orleans and Auxerre, demoting those bishops whom he thought unreliable. Abd al-Malik ibn Katan al-Fihri becomes the new governor (wali) of Al-Andalus; a separate Muslim force raids the Rhône region.[6]
Britain
- Autumn – King Ceolwulf of Northumbria is deposed by opponents and forced to enter a monastery. His supporters subsequently restore him to the throne (or 731).
By topic
Astronomy
Religion
- Pope Gregory III conferres Boniface, Anglo-Saxon missionary, the pallium as archbishop with jurisdiction over Bavaria (modern Germany). He orders him to forbid consumption of horseflesh by his Christian converts.[7]
- Ecgbert is appointed bishop of York by his cousin Ceolwulf of Northumbria.[8] He founds a library and makes the city a renowned centre of learning (approximate date).
Births
- Fujiwara no Momokawa, Japanese statesman (d. 779)
Deaths
- Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, governor of Al-Andalus
- Romuald II, duke of Benevento (Italy)
- Rupert of Bingen, patron saint (b. 712)
- Sima Zhen, Chinese historian (b. 679)
References
- ↑ David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 45). ISBN 978-184603-230-1
- ↑ David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 19). ISBN 978-184603-230-1
- ↑ David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 55). ISBN 978-184603-230-1
- ↑ David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 66). ISBN 978-184603-230-1
- ↑ Durant, Will, The Age of Faith. New York: Simon and Schuster (1950). OCLC 225699907. Page, 461. Originally published 1939. ISBN 978-0-671-41800-7
- ↑ David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 19). ISBN 978-184603-230-1
- ↑ Schwabe, Calvin W. (1979). Unmentionable Cuisine, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press (p. 157). ISBN 0813908116
- ↑ Mayr-Harting, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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