Tetracyanoquinodimethane
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| Names | |||
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| Other names
(2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-diylidene) -dimalononitrile, 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane | |||
| Identifiers | |||
1518-16-7  | |||
| ChEBI | CHEBI:52445 | ||
| ChemSpider | 66342 | ||
| Jmol interactive 3D | Image | ||
| PubChem | 73697 | ||
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| Properties | |||
| C12H4N4 | |||
| Molar mass | 204.19 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | green colored powder or orange crystals | ||
| Melting point | 293.5 to 296 °C (560.3 to 564.8 °F; 566.6 to 569.1 K) | ||
| Boiling point | sublimes | ||
| Hazards | |||
| EU classification (DSD) |
not listed | ||
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
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| Infobox references | |||
Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is the organic compound with the formula (NC)2CC6H4C(CN)2. This cyanocarbon is a relative of para-quinone is an electron acceptor that is used to prepare charge transfer salts, which are of interest in molecular electronics.
Preparation and structure
TCNQ is prepared by the condensation of 1,4-cyclohexanedione with malononitrile, followed by dehydrogenation of the resulting diene with bromine:[2]
- C6H8O2 + 2 CH2(CN)2 → C6H8(C(CN)2)2 + 2 H2O
- C6H8(C(CN)2)2 + 2 Br2 → C6H4(C(CN)2)2 + 4 HBr
The molecule is planar, with D2h symmetry.[3]
Reactions
Like TCNE, TCNQ is easily reduced to give a blue-coloured radical anion. The reduction potential is about −0.3 V vs the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. This property is exploited in the development of charge transfer salts. TCNQ also forms complexes with electron rich metal complexes.[4]
Charge transfer salts
TCNQ achieved great attention because it forms charge-transfer salts with high electrical conductivity, and these discoveries were influential in the development of organic electronics. Illustrative is the product from treatment of TCNQ with the electron donor tetrathiafulvene (TTF), TCNQ forms an ion pair, the TTF-TCNQ complex, in which TCNQ is the acceptor. This salt crystallizes in a one-dimensionally stacked polymer, consisting of segregated stacks of cations and anions of the donors and the acceptors, respectively. The complex crystal is an organic semiconductor that exhibits metallic electric conductivity.[5]
References
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- ↑ Tsai, Hsin-Zon; Omrani, Arash A.; Coh, Sinisa; Oh, Hyungju; Wickenburg, Sebastian; Son, Young-Woo; Wong, Dillon; Riss, Alexander; Jung, Han Sae; Nguyen, Giang D.; Rodgers, Griffin F.; Aikawa, Andrew S.; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Zettl, Alex; Louie, Steven G.; Lu, Jiong; Cohen, Marvin L.; Crommie, Michael F. (2015). "Molecular Self-Assembly in a Poorly Screened Environment: F4TCNQ on Graphene/BN". ACS Nano. doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b05322.
- ↑ Acker, Donald S.; Hertler, Walter R. (1962). "Substituted Quinodimethans. I. Preparation and Chemistry of 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethan". Journal of the American Chemical Society 84 (17): 3370. doi:10.1021/ja00876a028.
- ↑ Long, Robert E.; Sparks, Robert A.; Trueblood, Kenneth N. (1965). "The crystal and molecular structure of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane". Acta Crystallographica 18 (5): 932. doi:10.1107/S0365110X65002256.
- ↑ Kaim, Wolfgang; Moscherosch, Michael (1994). "The coordination chemistry of TCNE, TCNQ and related polynitrile π acceptors". Coordination Chemistry Reviews 129: 157. doi:10.1016/0010-8545(94)85020-8.
- ↑ Torrance, Jerry B. (1979). "The difference between metallic and insulating salts of tetracyanoquinodimethone (TCNQ): how to design an organic metal". Accounts of Chemical Research 12 (3): 79. doi:10.1021/ar50135a001.