633
This article is about the year 633. For the number, see 633 (number).
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 6th century – 7th century – 8th century |
| Decades: | 600s 610s 620s – 630s – 640s 650s 660s |
| Years: | 630 631 632 – 633 – 634 635 636 |
| 633 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 633 DCXXXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1386 |
| Armenian calendar | 82 ԹՎ ՁԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5383 |
| Bengali calendar | 40 |
| Berber calendar | 1583 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1177 |
| Burmese calendar | −5 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6141–6142 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬辰年 (Water Dragon) 3329 or 3269 — to — 癸巳年 (Water Snake) 3330 or 3270 |
| Coptic calendar | 349–350 |
| Discordian calendar | 1799 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 625–626 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4393–4394 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 689–690 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 555–556 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3734–3735 |
| Holocene calendar | 10633 |
| Iranian calendar | 11–12 |
| Islamic calendar | 11–12 |
| Japanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | 633 DCXXXIII |
| Korean calendar | 2966 |
| Minguo calendar | 1279 before ROC 民前1279年 |
| Seleucid era | 944/945 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1175–1176 |
Year 633 (DCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 633 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Britain
- October 12 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd at Hatfield Chase (South Yorkshire).
- Osric succeeds his uncle Edwin as king of Deira. Prince Eanfrith returns from Pictland to claim his rightful crown of Bernicia (Northern England). Both revert to paganism.
- Winter – Cadwallon is besieged by king Osric at York, he successfully breaks out of the city with all his forces, by surprise, and destroys Osric's army.[1]
Arabia
- Ridda Wars: Abu Bakr, caliph (khalifa) of the Rashidun Caliphate, launches a military campaign against the Arab tribe of Kindah, which inhabited the region of Najran (Yemen).
- March 18 – The Arabian Peninsula is united under the central authority of Abu Bakr. This set the stage for the Islamic conquest of Persia and the fall of the Sassanid Dynasty.
- April – An Muslim army (18,000 men) under Khalid ibn al-Walid invade Mesopotamia. He wins decisive victories in the Battle of Chains (Kuwait) and Battle of River (Iraq).[2]
- May – Battle of Walaja: The Rashidun Caliphate army under Khalid defeat the Persians and their Arab Christian allies. The Persian army is at least three times the size.[3]
- Battle of Ullais: Forces of the Rashidun Caliphate under Khalid defeat an entire Persian army (70,000 men[4]) near the river Euphrates. Khalid besieges the city of Hira.
- Siege of Hira: The Muslim Arabs (15,000 men) under Khalid attack the fortress city of Hira. After a brief fight the citizens surrender and bring gifts to Khalid.[5]
- July – Siege of Anbar: A Muslim Arab army under Khalid besiege the fortress city of Anbar. The Persian governor surrenders and is allowed to retire.[6]
- Battle of Ein ut Tamr: The Muslim army attack a Persian frontier post located south of Anbar. The Arab Christian auxiliaries are overrun and surrender.
- August – Battle of Dumat Al-Jandal: A Muslim army (10,000 men) under Khalid defeat the rebel Arab Christians at Dumat Al-Jandal (Saudi Arabia).
- November – Khalid coordinates successful night attacks against the Arab Christians in the Battle of Muzayyah, Battle of Saniyy, and Battle of Zumail.
By topic
Arts and sciences
- Li Chung Feng builds a celestial globe (approximate date).
Religion
- December 5 – Fourth Council of Toledo: King Sisenand orders a meeting in the church of St. Leocadia; the bishops accepted in a decree that all Visigoths take an oath to preserve stability of the Gothic nation.[7]
- Paulinus of York flees with queen Æthelburga and her daughter Eanflæd, age 7, south to Kent where he is made bishop of Rochester. Eanflæd grows up under the protection of her uncle, king Eadbald of Kent.[8]
Births
- Jamadevi, queen of Hariphunchai (Thailand) (approximate date)
- Wilfrid, Anglo-Saxon bishop (approximate date)
Deaths
- Dai Zhou, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
- October 12 – Edwin, king of Northumbria (or 632)
- Osric, king of Deira (approximate date)
- Suintila, king of the Visigoths (approximate date)
References
- ↑ Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book III, Chapter I
- ↑ Roberts, J: "History of the World." Penguin, 1994
- ↑ Campaigns in Eastern Iraq, "Khalifa Abu Bakr", Companion of the Prophet. Virtual library of Witness-Pioneer.
- ↑ Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 562
- ↑ The Caliphate, Its Rise, Decline, and Fall. From Original Sourcesby William Muir, p. 56
- ↑ Annals of the Early Caliphate by William Muir, p. 85
- ↑ Thompson, E. A. (1969) "The Goths in Spain". Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ↑ Bede, "Ecclesiastical History", Book II, Chapter 20
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