40th United States Congress
40th United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Fortieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1867 to March 4, 1869, during the third and fourth years of Andrew Johnson's U.S. Presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
- March 30, 1867: Alaska Purchase
- February 24, 1868: Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
- May 16, 1868: President Johnson acquitted
- May 26, 1868: President Johnson acquitted again
- November 3, 1868: 1868 presidential election: Ulysses S. Grant (R) defeated Horatio Seymour (D)
- December 25, 1868: President Johnson granted unconditional pardons to all Civil War rebels
- January 20, 1869: Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first woman to testify before Congress
Major legislation
- Four Military Reconstruction Acts, continued:
- July 27, 1868: Expatriation Act of 1868, ch. 249, 15 Stat. 223
Constitutional amendment
- July 28, 1868: Fourteenth Amendment ratified
- February 26, 1869: Fifteenth Amendment passed by Congress with a Senate vote of 39 Republican votes of "Yea", 8 Democrat & 5 Republican votes of "Nay" and with 13 Republican & 1 Democrat not voting.[1] The House of Representatives had already passed the amendment on on February 25, 1869 with 143 Republican & 1 Conservative Republican votes of "Yea", 39 Democrat, 3 Republican, 1 Independent Republican & 1 Conservative votes of "Nay" and with 26 Republican, 8 Democrat & 1 Independent Republican not voting.[2] Following congressional approval the proposed amendment was then sent by Secretary of State William Henry Seward to the states for ratification or rejection.[3]
Treaty
- April 29, 1868: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), 15 Stat. 635, signed
- February 16, 1868: Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) ratified
Territories organized
- July 25, 1868: Wyoming Territory organized[4]
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
During this Congress, Arkansas, Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, Louisiana, and South Carolina were readmitted to representation in both the Senate and the House. Georgia was readmitted with representation in the House only.
Senate
Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) |
Other | Vacant | ||
End of previous Congress | 9 | 41 | (Unionist & Unconditional Unionist) 6 |
56 | 18 |
Begin | 8 | 45 | 0 | 53 | 21 |
End | 9 | 55 | 64 | 10 | |
Final voting share | 14.1% | 85.9% | 0.0% | ||
Beginning of the next Congress | 9 | 57 | 0 | 66 | 8 |
House of Representatives
Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority/plurality caucus) |
Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) |
Independent Republican (IR) |
Conservative Republican (CR) |
Conservative Party (C) |
Other | Vacant | ||
End of previous Congress | 41 | 134 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (Unionist & Unconditional Unionist) 17 |
193 | 49 |
Begin | 45 | 140 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 188 | 55 |
End | 170 | 2 | 2 | 220 | 23 | |||
Final voting share | 20.5% | 78.6% | 0.9% | 0.0% | ||||
Beginning of the next Congress | 65 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 215 | 28 |
Leadership
Senate
- President: Vacant
- President pro tempore: Benjamin Wade (R)
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Schuyler Colfax (R), until March 3, 1869
- Theodore M. Pomeroy (R), elected March 3, 1869. Served for 1 day.
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1872.
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 3
- Democratic: 0 seat net loss
- Republican: 0 seat net gain
- deaths: 1
- resignations: 2
- interim appointments: 1
- seats from newly re-admitted states: 12
- Total seats with changes: 16
State (class) | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Delaware (1) | George R. Riddle (D) | Died March 29, 1867 | James A. Bayard, Jr. (D) | April 5, 1867 |
Kentucky (2) | James Guthrie (D) | Resigned February 7, 1868 because of failing health | Thomas C. McCreery (D) | February 19, 1868 |
Maryland (3) | Vacant | Filled vacancy caused by action of the Senate in declining to permit Philip F. Thomas to qualify | George Vickers (D) | March 7, 1868 |
Arkansas (2) | Vacant | Arkansas re-admitted to the Union | Alexander McDonald (R) | June 22, 1868 |
Arkansas (3) | Benjamin F. Rice (R) | June 23, 1868 | ||
Florida (3) | Vacant | Florida re-admitted to the Union | Thomas W. Osborn (R) | June 25, 1868 |
Louisiana (2) | Vacant | Louisiana re-admitted to the Union | John S. Harris (R) | July 8, 1868 |
Louisiana (3) | William P. Kellogg (R) | July 9, 1868 | ||
Alabama (2) | Vacant | Alabama re-admitted to the Union | Willard Warner (R) | July 13, 1868 |
Alabama (3) | George E. Spencer (R) | |||
Maryland (1) | Reverdy Johnson (D) | Resigned July 10, 1868 | William P. Whyte (D) | |
North Carolina (2) | Vacant | North Carolina re-admitted to the Union | Joseph C. Abbott (R) | July 14, 1868 |
North Carolina (3) | John Pool (R) | |||
South Carolina (2) | Vacant | South Carolina re-admitted to the Union | Thomas J. Robertson (R) | July 15, 1868 |
South Carolina (3) | Frederick A. Sawyer (R) | July 16, 1868 | ||
Florida (1) | Vacant | Florida re-admitted to the Union | Adonijah Welch (R) | July 17, 1868 |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 10
- Democratic: 2 seat net loss
- Republican: 0 seat net gain
- Independent Republican: 1 seat net gain
- Conservative: 0 seat net gain
- deaths: 8
- resignations: 3
- contested election: 3
- seats from re-admitted states: 32
- Total seats with changes: 44
District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
---|---|---|---|---|
New Mexico Territory At-large | Vacant | Vacancy in term | Charles P. Clever (D) | September 2, 1867 |
Arkansas 1st | Vacant | Arkansas re-admitted into the Union | Logan H. Roots (R) | June 22, 1868 |
Arkansas 2nd | James M. Hinds (R) | |||
Arkansas 3rd | Thomas Boles (R) | |||
Kentucky 9th | Vacant | John D. Young presented credentials but failed to qualify. Election was contested by McKee. | Samuel McKee (R) | June 22, 1868 |
Florida At-large | Vacant | Florida re-admitted into the Union | Charles M. Hamilton (R) | July 1, 1868 |
North Carolina 4th | Vacant | North Carolina re-admitted into the Union | John T. Deweese (R) | July 6, 1868 |
North Carolina 7th | Alexander H. Jones (R) | |||
North Carolina 3rd | Oliver H. Dockery (R) | July 13, 1868 | ||
North Carolina 6th | Nathaniel Boyden (C) | |||
North Carolina 1st | John R. French (R) | July 15, 1868 | ||
Louisiana 1st | Vacant | Louisiana re-admitted into the Union | J. Hale Sypher (R) | July 18, 1868 |
Louisiana 2nd | James Mann (D) | |||
Louisiana 3rd | Joseph P. Newsham (R) | |||
Louisiana 4th | Michel Vidal (R) | |||
Louisiana 5th | W. Jasper Blackburn (R) | |||
South Carolina 1st | Vacant | South Carolina re-admitted into the Union | Benjamin F. Whittemore (R) | July 18, 1868 |
South Carolina 2nd | Christopher C. Bowen (R) | |||
South Carolina 4th | James H. Goss (R) | |||
North Carolina 5th | Vacant | North Carolina re-admitted into the Union | Israel G. Lash (R) | July 20, 1868 |
Alabama 2nd | Vacant | Alabama re-admitted into the Union | Charles W. Buckley (R) | July 21, 1868 |
Alabama 3rd | Benjamin W. Norris (R) | |||
Alabama 4th | Charles W. Pierce (R) | |||
Alabama 5th | John B. Callis (R) | |||
Alabama 6th | Thomas Haughey (R) | |||
Alabama 1st | Francis W. Kellogg (R) | July 22, 1868 | ||
Georgia 1st | Vacant | Georgia re-admitted into the Union | Joseph W. Clift (R) | July 25, 1868 |
Georgia 2nd | Nelson Tift (D) | |||
Georgia 3rd | William P. Edwards (R) | |||
Georgia 4th | Samuel F. Gove (R) | |||
Georgia 5th | Charles H. Prince (R) | |||
Georgia 7th | Pierce M. B. Young (D) | |||
North Carolina 2nd | Vacant | North Carolina re-admitted into the Union | David Heaton (R) | July 25, 1868 |
South Carolina 1st | Vacant | South Carolina re-admitted into the Union | Manuel S. Corley (R) | July 25, 1868 |
New York 21st | Roscoe Conkling (R) | Resigned March 4, 1867 after being elected to the US Senate | Alexander H. Bailey (R) | November 30, 1867 |
Kentucky 3rd | Elijah Hise (D) | Died May 8, 1867 | Jacob Golladay (D) | December 5, 1867 |
Pennsylvania 12th | Charles Denison (D) | Died June 27, 1867 | George W. Woodward (D) | November 21, 1867 |
Ohio 2nd | Rutherford B. Hayes (R) | Resigned July 20, 1867 after being nominated Governor of Ohio | Samuel F. Cary (IR) | November 21, 1867 |
Missouri 3rd | Thomas E. Noell (D) | Died October 3, 1867 | James R. McCormick (D) | December 17, 1867 |
Ohio 8th | Cornelius S. Hamilton (R) | Killed by insane son December 22, 1867 | John Beatty (R) | February 5, 1868 |
Missouri 5th | Joseph W. McClurg (R) | Resigned ????, 1868 after being elected Governor of Missouri | John H. Stover (R) | December 7, 1868 |
Pennsylvania 13th | George W. Morgan (D) | Lost contested election June 3, 1868 | Columbus Delano (R) | June 3, 1868 |
Pennsylvania 9th | Thaddeus Stevens (R) | Died August 11, 1868 | Oliver J. Dickey (R) | December 7, 1868 |
Pennsylvania 20th | Darwin A. Finney (R) | Died August 25, 1868 | S. Newton Pettis (R) | December 7, 1868 |
Louisiana 2nd | James Mann (D) | Died August 26, 1868 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Arkansas 2nd | James M. Hinds (R) | Assassinated October 22, 1868 | James T. Elliott (R) | January 13, 1869 |
New Mexico Territory At-large | Charles P. Clever (D) | Lost contested election February 20, 1869 | J. Francisco Chaves (R) | February 20, 1869 |
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865
Senate
- Chaplain of the Senate: Edgar H. Gray (Baptist)
- Secretary of the Senate: John W. Forney
- George C. Gorham, elected June 4, 1868
- Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: George T. Brown
House of Representatives
- Chaplain of the House: Charles B. Boynton (Congregationalist)
- Clerk of the House: Edward McPherson
- Doorkeeper of the House: Charles E. Lippincott
- Messenger to the Speaker: William D. Todd
- Postmaster of the House: William S. King
- Sergeant at Arms of the House: Nehemiah G. Ordway
References
- ↑ "Congressional Globe, Senate, 40th Congress, 3rd Session, page 1641 In: A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875". memory.loc.gov. February 26, 1869. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
- ↑ "Congressional Globe, House of Representatives, 40th Congress, 3rd Session, page 1563-1564 In: A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875". memory.loc.gov. February 25, 1869. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
- ↑ "Black Voting Rights: The History of the 15th Amendment". Harpers. Archived from the original on June 25, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
- ↑ State of Wyoming web site, "CHRONOLOGY-Some Events in Wyoming History"
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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