338th Combat Training Squadron

RB-47Ks of the SAC 338 Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron

The 338th Combat Training Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 55th Operations Group, stationed at Offut Air Force Base, Nebraska.

Mission

The 338th Combat Training Squadron (CTS) is a flying organization. It performs the initial, difference, requalification, and upgrade training as the Formal Training Unit (FTU) for the largest and most diverse operations group in Air Combat Command. Specifically, it provides the aforementioned training programs in accordance with HHQ approved training syllabi mostly for the RC-135 "Rivet Joint", "Cobra Ball", and "Combat Sent" variants and the E-4B "Nightwatch." The unit prepares eight squadrons in six different programs to execute worldwide reconnaissance, command and control, and treaty verification missions directed by the NCA, JCS, theater CINCs, MAJCOM commanders and national intelligence agencies.

History

Established in late 1942 as a P-38 Lightning fighter squadron, it trained under the Second Air Force in the Pacific northwest. It deployed to the European Theater of Operations (ETO), where it was assigned to VIII Fighter Command in England in late 1943. The squadron's mission was to provide long range fighter escort for B-17 Flying Fortress and B-24 Liberator heavy bombers on strategic bombing missions over Occupied Europe and Nazi Germany. In April 1944 it received P-51D Mustang fighter aircraft and continued its primary task of escorting B-17 and B-24 bombers that attacked such targets as industries and marshalling yards in Germany and airfields and V-weapon sites in France.

The squadron flew air patrols over the English Channel and bombed bridges in the Tours area during the Invasion of France in June 1944. In July it attacked gun emplacements during the Saint-Lô break out. The unit patrolled the Arnhem sector to support the airborne operation in the Netherlands in September 1944, and in December, transportation facilities during the Battle of the Bulge. During the Western Allied invasion of Germany, the squadron flew ground support missions by strafing trucks, locomotives and oil depots near Wesel when the Allies crossed the Rhine in March 1945; it continued offensive operations until 21 April 1945.

After the German capitulation, the unit became part of the United States Air Forces in Europe Army of Occupation, at AAF Station Kaufbeuren, then moved to AAF Station Giebelstadt in early 1946 where it received its first jet aircraft, the P-80A Shooting Star. Ii was inactivated in August 1946, when personnel were demobilized and its aircraft were transferred to the 31st Fighter Group.

The squadron was reactivated by the Strategic Air Command (SAC) in 1947 as a reconnaissance unit, equipped with RB-17 Flying Fortresses. It flew aerial photography, mapping, charting and photo reconnaissance missions, some of which were around the borders of the Soviet Union and over the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany. Little was known about the air defense capability of the Soviet Union at this time, the most effective way of determining its capability was to probe the borders and see whether it would respond. Gradually the RB-17s and other aircraft mapped the perimeter of the Soviet Air Defenses from the Baltic to the Sea of Okhotsk, north of Japan.

The unit upgraded to RB-29 Superfotress aircraft in 1949 and continued its reconnaissance mission, however it was inactivated in 1949 due to budget reductions. Reactivated in 1950 at Ramey Air Force Base, Puerto Rico, it was again flying RB-29s, performing strategic reconnaissance, charting photography, precise electronic geodetic mapping and electronic reconnaissance missions. The squadron upgraded to RB-50 Superfortresses in 1952.

In 1954 it was equipped with RB-47K Stratojets, a variant of the B-47 which contained Side-Looking Radar and air sampling equipment. The RB-47K's primary mission was meteorological data collection and weather reconnaissance from Forbes AFB, Kansas. Photographic reconnaissance was a secondary mission. These missions consisted of flying over northern Canadian skies, with two such sorties being flown in a day, Weather Alpha and Weather Bravo. Weather Alpha sorties consisted of a flight from Forbes AFB, north to Saute Ste. Marie, Michigan, then north to Hudson's Bay, counterclockwise around the perimeter of the Bay and then back to Forbes. Weather Bravo took the same route within the United States but traveled east over the Labrador Sea and north of Goose Bay, Canada, then back to Forbes. The data collected by these flights was used to develop War Plan meteorological collection predictions for weather around the Soviet Union. Samples of radioactive fallout from foreign nuclear tests could also be taken. The RB-37Ks served with the 338th for eight years, being phased out in 1963.

The unit was reactivated in 1999 at Offut AFB, Nebraska as a Combat Training Squadron.

Lineage

• Constituted as the 338th Fighter Squadron (Twin Engine) on 10 Sep 1942

Activated on 12 Sep 1942

Redesignated as the 338th Fighter Squadron, Twin Engine on 20 Aug 1943

Redesignated as the 338th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 5 Sep 1944

Inactivated on 20 Aug 1946

• Redesignated as the 338th Reconnaissance Squadron, Very Long Range, Mapping on 3 Feb 1947

Activated on 15 Mar 1947

Redesignated as the 338th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, Photographic-Mapping on 1 Jul 1949

Inactivated on 14 Oct 1949

• Redesignated as the 338th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, Medium, Photographic-Mapping on 27 Oct 1950

Activated on 1 Nov 1950

Redesignated as the 338th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, Medium on 15 Jul 1954

Discontinued, and inactivated, on 15 Jun 1963

• Redesignated as the 338th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron and activated on 24 Feb 1967

Organized on 25 Mar 1967

Discontinued and inactivated on 25 Dec 1967

• Redesignated as the 338th Combat Training Squadron on 7 Sep 1999

Activated on 20 Sep 1999

Assignments

• 55th Fighter Group, 12 Sep 1942-20 Aug 1946
• 5th Reconnaissance Group, 15 Mar 1947
• Strategic Air Command, 26 May 1949
• 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Group, 1 Jun-14 Oct 1949; 1 Nov 1950

Attached to 91st Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, 1 Nov-1 Dec 1950

• 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, 16 Jun 1952-15 Jun 1963
• Strategic Air Command, 24 Feb 1967
• 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, 25 March-25 Dec 1967
• 55th Operations Group, 20 Sep 1999–Present

Stations

Aircraft

• P-38, 1942–1944
• P-51, 1944–1946
• F-13, 1947
• F-2, 1947–1949
• RB-17, 1947–1949
• B-29, 1949; RB-29, 1950–1951
• RB-50, 1950–1954
• RB-47, 1954–1963; EB/RB-47, 1967.

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. 
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556. 
• 338th Combat Training Squadron Lineage and Honors History