229th Brigade (United Kingdom)

2nd Dismounted Brigade
229th Brigade
Active February 1916–July 1919
Country  United Kingdom
Branch  British Army
Type Dismounted Yeomanry
Size Brigade
Part of 74th (Yeomanry) Division
Engagements

First World War

The 2nd Dismounted Brigade was a formation of the British Army in the First World War. It was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Highland Mounted Brigade and the 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade. In October it absorbed the remnants of the 1st Dismounted Brigade. The brigade served as part of the Western Frontier Force and the Suez Canal Defences.

In January 1917, the brigade was reorganized and redesignated as the 229th Brigade and joined the 74th (Yeomanry) Division in March. It served with the division in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and on the Western Front.

2nd Dismounted Brigade

Formation

The 2nd Dismounted Brigade was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Highland Mounted Brigade and the 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade.[1]

The Highland Mounted Brigade had served dismounted in the Gallipoli Campaign from 26 September to 19 December 1915 assigned to the 2nd Mounted Division.[2] Similarly, the 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade served in Gallipoli from 9 October until 19 December 1915 attached at various times to 11th (Northern) Division,[3] 2nd Mounted Division[4] and 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division.[5] Both brigades were withdrawn to Egypt in December 1915 and formed part of the Western Frontier Force.[6] The 2nd Dismounted Brigade was formed as part of the Western Frontier Force with the following composition:[1]

Reorganised

On 27 September 1916, the 1/1st and 1/2nd Lovat Scouts (along with a company of the 1/3rd Scottish Horse) were merged to form the 10th (Lovat's Scouts) Battalion, Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders at Cairo. The battalion was transferred to Salonika, arriving 20 October, where it joined 82nd Brigade, 27th Division.[8]

On 1 October 1916, 1/1st Scottish Horse and 1/2nd Scottish Horse of the 1st Dismounted Brigade were amalgamated to form 13th (Scottish Horse Yeomanry) Battalion, Black Watch.[9] As the 1st Dismounted Brigade had now been reduced to just two regiments (1/1st Ayrshire Yeomanry[10] and 1/1st Lanarkshire Yeomanry[11]), it was dissolved and the remaining elements absorbed into the 2nd Dismounted Brigade.

The brigade served as part of the Western Frontier Force[1] and on the Suez Canal Defences.[12]

229th Brigade

The brigade was with the Suez Canal Defences when, on 14 January 1917, Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) Order No. 26 instructed that the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Dismounted Brigades be reorganized as the 229th, 230th and 231st Brigades.[12] Consequently, the 2nd Dismounted Brigade was redesignated 229th Brigade at el Ferdan (near Ismailia) on 15 January.[13] The brigade units were reorganized in January 1917:[13]

On 23 February, the GOC EEF (Lt-Gen Sir A.J. Murray) sought permission from the War Office to form the 229th, 230th and 231st Brigades into a new division. The War Office granted permission and the new 74th (Yeomanry) Division started to form. The 229th Brigade joined the division at el Arish between 7 and 9 March.[12] 229th Brigade remained with 74th (Yeomanry) Division for the rest of the war.[14]

Palestine 1917–18

With the 74th Division, the brigade took part in the invasion of Palestine in 1917 and 1918. It fought in the Second and Third Battles of Gaza (including the capture of Beersheba and the Sheria Position). At the end of 1917, it took part in the capture and defence of Jerusalem and in March 1918 in the Battle of Tell 'Asur. On 3 April 1918, the Division was warned that it would move to France and by 30 April 1918 had completed embarkation at Alexandria.[12]

Before departure for France, the 4th Machine Gun Company joined 209th (of 230th Brigade), 210th (of 231st Brigade) and 261st MG Companies to form 74th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps. It concentrated at Alexandria between 17 and 30 April and departed for France with the division on the latter date.[13]

France and Flanders 1918

In May 1918, the brigade landed at Marseilles, France with 74th (Yeomanry) Division. It served in France and Flanders with the division for the rest of the war. By 18 May, the division had concentrated around Rue in the Abbeville area. Here the dismounted Yeomanry underwent training for service on the Western Front, particularly gas defence.[14]

Due to a lack of replacements, British[lower-alpha 9] infantry divisions on the Western Front had been reduced from 12 to 9 battalions in January and February 1918.[15] To conform with this new structure, on 21 June, 12th Royal Scots Fusiliers, 12th Norfolk Regiment (of 230th Brigade) and 24th Royal Welsh Fusiliers (of 231st Brigade) left 74th (Yeomanry) Division.[13] They were used to reconstitute 94th Brigade of 31st Division which was renamed 94th (Yeomanry) Brigade on that date.[16]

On 14 July 1918 the Yeomanry Division went into the line for the first time, near Merville on the right of XI Corps. From September 1918, as part of III Corps of Fourth Army, it took part in the Hundred Days Offensive including the Second Battle of the Somme (Second Battle of Bapaume) and the Battles of the Hindenburg Line (Battle of Épehy). In October and November 1918 it took part in the Final Advance in Artois and Flanders. By the Armistice it was east of Tournai, Belgium, still with 74th (Yeomanry) Division.[14]

With the end of the war, the troops of 74th Division were engaged in railway repair work and education was undertaken while demobilisation began. The division and its subformations were disbanded on 10 July 1919.[14]

Commanders

The 2nd Dismounted Brigade / 229th Brigade had the following commanders during its existence:[17]

From Rank Name
February 1916 Brigadier-General R. Hoare (wounded, 9 September 1918)
9 September 1918 Lieutenant-Colonel C.J.H. Spence-Jones (acting)
11 September 1918 Brigadier-General F.S. Thackeray

Colonel R. Hoare (promoted to Brigadier-General on 5 August 1914) was the commander of the 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade from 1 April 1912. He took command of 2nd Dismounted Brigade on formation.[17]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Redesignated as 4th Machine Gun Company on 14 January 1917.
  2. ↑ 1/1st Royal 1st Devon Yeomanry and the 1/1st Royal North Devon Yeomanry were amalgamated on 4 January 1917 (antedated, 21 December 1916) and designated 16th Devonshire Regiment in February.
  3. ↑ 1/1st West Somerset Yeomanry was reorganized on 4 January and redesignated 12th Somerset Light Infantry on 8 February.
  4. ↑ 1/1st Ayrshire Yeomanry and the 1/1st Lanarkshire Yeomanry were amalgamated on 4 January 1917 and designated 12th Royal Scots Fusiliers in February.
  5. ↑ 1/1st Fife and Forfar Yeomanry was reorganized on 14 January (antedated, 21 December 1916) and redesignated 14th Black Watch in January.
  6. ↑ 2nd Dismounted Brigade Machine Gun Company redesignated on 14 January.
  7. ↑ Formed in the brigade on 22 May 1917.
  8. ↑ 1st Highland and 2nd South Western Mounted Brigade Field Ambulances were amalgamated as 229th Field Ambulance on 14 January 1917.
  9. ↑ As distinct from the Australian, Canadian and the New Zealand divisions which remained on a 12-battalion basis.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Chappell, PB. "2nd Dismounted Brigade". The Regimental Warpath 1914-18. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  2. ↑ Becke 1936, p. 17
  3. ↑ Becke 1938, p. 21
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Becke 1936, p. 15
  5. ↑ Becke 1936, p. 119
  6. ↑ Chappell, PB. "Miscellaneous Units Serving Overseas". The Regimental Warpath 1914-18. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Becke 1936, p. 13
  8. ↑ James 1978, p. 24
  9. ↑ James 1978, p. 27
  10. ↑ James 1978, p. 16
  11. ↑ James 1978, p. 21
  12. 1 2 3 4 Becke 1937, p. 121
  13. 1 2 3 4 Becke 1937, p. 119
  14. 1 2 3 4 Becke 1937, p. 122
  15. ↑ Haythornthwaite 1996, p. 217
  16. ↑ Becke 1945, p. 16
  17. 1 2 Becke 1937, p. 117

Bibliography

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