2K11 Krug

"SA-4" redirects here. For the Apollo flight, see SA-4 (Apollo).

"2K11" redirects here. For the video game, see NBA 2K11.

2K11 Krug NATO reporting name: SA-4 "Ganef"
2K11 TEL in transit
Type	Transportable SAM system
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1965-present 1965- 1990s (USSR)
Used by	See list of operators
Production history
Designer	Lyulev Novator
Designed	1957
Manufacturer	MZiK
Variants	Krug, Krug-A, Krug-M, Krug-M1, Krug-M2, Krug-M3
Specifications (2K11 Krug^[1])
Weight	28,200 kg
Length	7.5 m (9.46 m with missiles)
Width	3.2 m
Height	4.472 m (with missiles)
Crew	3 to 5

Armour	15 mm
Engine	V59 V-12 water-cooled diesel 520 hp
Power/weight	17.33 hp/t
Ground clearance	0.44 m
Fuel capacity	850 litres
Operational range	780 km
Speed	35 km/h

The 2K11 Krug (Russian: 2К11 «Круг»; English: circle) is a Soviet and now Russian medium-range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. The system was designed by NPO Novator and produced by Kalinin Machine Building Plant. Its GRAU designation is "2K11." Its NATO reporting name is SA-4 Ganef, after a word of Yiddish origin meaning "thief" or "rascal."

Development and service

Development of the Krug ZRK-SD (2K11) air defense system started in 1957 by the Lyulev OKB design bureau. It was first displayed during a parade in Moscow in May 1965. The system started to be fielded in 1967 and became fully operational in 1969. It was used by the Russian Army as a long-range SAM.

The early version of the Krug entered service in 1965. The first operational deployment version, the Krug-A, entered service in 1967, with extensively modified versions, the Krug-M in 1971 and the Krug-M1 in 1974, which were developed to rectify problems discovered during army service.^[1] The upgraded version Krug-M was fielded in 1971 and the Krug-M1 in 1974. A target drone called 9M316M Virazh, developed from obsolete Krug missiles, was proposed for export in 1994.^[2]^[3]

The 2K11 was briefly operated by the Soviet army during the war in Afghanistan in 1979 and 1980, but was withdrawn several months after the initial invasion.^[4] In 1997, it was reported^[2] that, between 1993 and 1996, some 27 fire units of Krug and 349 missiles had been sold to Armenia. Poland flight tested four missiles in September 2006 against P-15 Termit (SS-N-2 'Styx') targets.

The P-40 "Long Track" radar set.

Description

Vehicles

The TEL vehicles are tracked based on a GM-123 chassis and carry two missiles each on an elevating turntable for up to 360-degree rotation and 70-degree elevation. The two primary versions of the missile in service are the 9M8M1 (former designation 3M8M1) (2K11M "Krug-M") and 9M8M2 (former designation 3M8M2) (2K11M2/3 "Krug-M1"), both of which are believed to be known to the US DoD as SA-4B. The original 9M8 (former designation 3M8) (SA-4A) was first introduced into service in 1965 and followed by the upgraded 9M8M (2K11A "Krug-A") in 1967 before the 9M8M1 in 1971 and the 9M8M2 in 1973. The 9M8M2 actually has a lower maximum engagement altitude and shorter range in exchange for better performance in engaging aircraft close to the battery. Each battery typically consists of two 9M8M1 missiles and four 9M8M2 missiles as well as the following radars:

P-40 "Long Track" (1S12) E-band early warning radar (also used by the SA-6 and SA-8, range 175 km/108 miles) (modified AT-Ts)
1S32 "Pat Hand" H-band continuous wave fire control and guidance radar (range 128 km/80 miles)
PRW-9 "Thin Skin" E-band height finding radar (also used by the SA-6 and SA-8, range 240 km/148 miles)

Only "Long Track" is mounted on a modified AT-T vehicle, TEL 2P24 and "Pat Hand" 1S32 are mounted on GM-123/ GM-124. "Thin Skin" is mounted on a truck. Batteries may also feature Ural 375D trucks 2T6 carrying spare missiles for reloading the launchers.

Missile

9M8
TEL at Ukrainian Air Force Museum in Vinnitsa.
Type	Surface-to-air missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Production history
Variants	3M8 (later 9M8) Krug, 9M8M Krug-M, 9M8M1 Krug-M1, 9M8M2 Krug-M2, 9M8M3 Krug-M3.
Specifications (9M331^[1])
Weight	2,453 kg
Length	8.784 m
Diameter	86 cm
Warhead	Frag-HE
Warhead weight	150 kg
Detonation mechanism	contact and proximity fuzes

Propellant	kerosene fuelled ramjet
Operational range	55 kilometres (34 mi)
Flight altitude	24,500 metres (80,400 ft)
Boost time	four solid fuel booster rocket motors
Speed	1100 m/s
Guidance system	Radio command

The missiles are launched with the aid of four solid fuel rocket motors inside boosters attached to the outside of the missile. Once they have burned and the missile is aloft, a liquid-fuelled ramjet sustainer engine is ignited. It reaches speeds of up to Mach 4 and has an effective range of 50–55 km (31–34 miles) depending upon the version. It carries a 135 kg (300 lb) fragmentation warhead. Possible engagement altitudes range from 100 m to 27 km (330-88,500 feet). The 3M8 missile was designed and produced by NPO Novator.

Optical tracking is possible for guidance in a heavy ECM environment.

Structure of Krug missile system

SAM- Regiment with two SAM- Divisions, SAM- Brigade with three SAM- Divisions. In each headquarter, brigade, regiment and division, is one Control Battery. Each SAM- Division with three SAM- Batteries.

Self-propelled launch vehicle 2P24 on GM-123 base, three in each SAM- Battery
Rocket guidance station 1S32 on GM-124 base, one in each SAM- Battery
Target detection station 1S12 on modified AT-T base, one in each Control Battery
Transporter-loader vehicle 2T6 on Ural Truck base, one in each SAM- Battery

Operators

Map of 2K11 operators in blue with former operators in red

Current operators

Former operators

Czechoslovakia had 1 brigade. Phased out in early 1990s.
East Germany. Passed onto successor states.
Germany — Phased out during the 1990s
Hungary had 1 regiment, 25. Phased out in middle 1990s.
Bulgaria - 30,^[1] in reserve
Poland - 30.^[1] Phased out in 2011.
Russia - 500 launchers (2007)^[5] (phased out in 1990s) Missiles used as targets for training(Virazh/-M 9M316M)^[6]
Ukraine In stock

UK MoD Intelligence assessment dated 1968.

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence - 2K11 Krug (SA-4 'Ganef') medium to high-altitude surface-to-air missile system". Jane's Information Group. 2008-07-02. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
1 2 "Krug (SA-4 'Ganef')". Jane's Information Group. 2008-02-13. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
↑ Boris Dukhov, Anatoly Shiroky, Building combat skills, Military Parade
↑ Urban, Mark. War in Afghanistan, 43, 66.
↑ http://inbsite.com/missiles2.html
↑ http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-532.html

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2K11 Krug.

SA-4 Ganef at Global Security website
SA-4 Ganef at Federation of American Scientists website
Photos of Polish Krug at Vestnik PVO website
2K11 KRUG-M1 (SA-4B Ganef) Simulator

Links to related articles

NATO designation for Russian and former Soviet Union missiles

Air-to-air missiles complete list

AA-1 Alkali AA-2 Atoll AA-3 Anab AA-4 Awl AA-5 Ash AA-6 Acrid AA-7 Apex AA-8 Aphid AA-9 Amos AA-10 Alamo AA-11 Archer AA-12 Adder AA-13 Arrow

Air-to-surface missiles complete list

AS-1 Kennel AS-2 Kipper AS-3 Kangaroo AS-4 Kitchen AS-5 Kelt AS-6 Kingfish AS-7 Kerry AS-8 Kokon AT-6 AS-9 Kyle AS-10 Karen AS-11 Kilter AS-12 Kegler AS-13 Kingbolt AS-14 Kedge AS-15 Kent AS-16 Kickback AS-17 Krypton AS-18 Kazoo AS-X-19 Koala AS-20 Kayak AS-X-21 AS-22 AS-23 AS-24

Anti-tank missiles complete list

AT-1 Snapper AT-2 Swatter AT-3 Sagger AT-4 Spigot AT-5 Spandrel AT-6 Spiral AT-7 Saxhorn AT-8 Songster AT-9 Spiral-2 AT-10 Stabber AT-11 Sniper AT-12 Swinger AT-13 Saxhorn-2 АТ-14 Spriggan АТ-15 Springer AT-16 Scallion

Ground based	SA-1 Guild SA-2 Guideline SA-3 Goa SA-4 Ganef SA-5 Gammon SA-6 Gainful SA-7 Grail SA-8 Gecko SA-9 Gaskin SA-10 Grumble SA-11 Gadfly SA-12 Gladiator/Giant SA-13 Gopher SA-14 Gremlin SA-15 Gauntlet SA-16 Gimlet SA-17 Grizzly SA-18 Grouse SA-19 Grison SA-20 Gargoyle SA-21 Growler SA-22 Greyhound SA-23 Gladiator/Giant SA-24 Grinch Morfey S-350E

Naval based	SA-N-1 Goa SA-N-2 Guideline SA-N-3 Goblet SA-N-4 Gecko SA-N-5 Grail SA-N-6 Grumble SA-N-7 Gadfly SA-N-8 Gremlin SA-N-9 Gauntlet SA-N-10 Grouse SA-N-11 Grison SA-N-12 Grizzly SA-N-14 Grouse SA-N-20 Gargoyle

ABMs	ABM-1 Galosh ABM-3/53T6 Gazelle S-500

Ground based	SS-1 Scud SS-2 Sibling SS-3 Shyster SS-4 Sandal SS-5 Skean SS-6 Sapwood SS-7 Saddler SS-8 Sasin SS-9 Scarp SS-10 Scrag SS-11 Sego SS-12 Scaleboard SS-13 Savage SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat SS-15 Scrooge SS-16 Sinner SS-17 Spanker SS-18 Satan SS-19 Stiletto SS-20 Saber SS-21 Scarab SS-22 Scaleboard SS-23 Spider SS-24 Scalpel SS-25 Sickle SS-26 Stone SS-27 Sickle B SS-28 Saber 2 SS-29 Yars SS-X-31 Rubezh SS-X-32Zh Barguzin SS-X-30 Sarmat

Naval based	SS-N-1 Scrubber SS-N-2 Styx SS-N-3c Shaddock SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal SS-N-4 Sark SS-N-5 Sark/Serb SS-N-6 Serb SS-N-7 Starbright SS-N-8 Sawfly SS-N-9 Siren SS-N-12 Sandbox SS-NX-13 SS-N-14 Silex SS-N-15 Starfish SS-N-16 Stallion SS-N-17 Snipe SS-N-18 Stingray SS-N-19 Shipwreck SS-NX-20 Sturgeon SS-N-21 Sampson SS-N-22 Sunburn SS-N-23 Skiff R29RM SS-N-23A Skiff SS-N-23B Skiff SS-NX-24 Scorpion SS-N-25 Switchblade SS-N-26 Strobile SS-N-27 Sizzler SS-N-30A 3M-14 SS-NX-28 SS-N-29 SS-N-32 SS-NX-30? SS-NX-34

Russian, Ukrainian, and former Soviet armoured fighting vehicles after World War II

Tanks

T-10 T-54/55 T-55AGM PT-76 T-62 T-64 T-72 T-80 T-84 T-90 T-14 Armata

Armoured personnel carriers

Tracked	BTR-50 MT-LB BTR-D GT-MU Kurganets-25

Wheeled	BTR-3 BTR-4 BTR-7 BTR-40 BTR-60 BTR-70 BTR-80 BTR-90 BPM-97 BTR-94 BTR-152 SBA-60K2 Bulat BTR Bumerang BTR-16 Krymsk

Infantry fighting vehicles

BMP-1 BMP-2 BMP-3 BMD-1 BMD-2 BMD-3 BMD-4 BTR-T ATOM BMPV-64 (ru:БМПВ-64/uk:БМПВ-64) BMPT T-15 Armata Kurganets-25

Self-propelled artillery

Guns	1K17 Szhatie 2S1 Gvozdika 2S3 Akatsiya 2S4 Tyulpan 2S5 Giatsint 2S7 Pion 2S9 Nona 2S19 Msta 2S23 Nona-SVK 2S25 2S27 Msta-K 2S30 Iset 2S31 Vena 2S33 Msta-SM 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV ASU-57 ASU-85 A-222 Bereg

MRLs	BM-14 BM-21 Grad BM-24 BM-25 BM-27 Uragan TOS-1 BM-30 Smerch 9A52-4 Tornado

Missiles	2K6 Luna (FROG-3/5) 9K52 Luna-M (FROG-7) 9K79 Tochka (SS-21 Scarab) R-400 Oka (SS-23 Spider) Iskander (SS-26 Stone) K-300P Bastion-P

Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons

Guns	BTR-40A BTR-152A BTR-152D ZSU-57-2 ZSU-23-4 2S6 Tunguska Pantsir-S1

Missiles	2K11 Krug (SA-4 Ganef) 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) 9K22 Tunguska (SA-19 Grison) 9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9 Gaskin) 9K33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) 9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13 Gopher) 9K37 Buk (SA-11 Gadfly) 9K330 Tor (SA-15 Gauntlet) S-300 (SA-10 Grumble) Pantsir-S1 (SA-22 Greyhound)

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