2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident
Two United States Navy riverine command boats were seized by Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Navy after they entered Iranian territory near Iran's Farsi Island in Persian Gulf. The 10 sailors were detained for 15 hours and were released unharmed after U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry's multiple phone calls to Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif.[1]
Incident
On January 12, 2016, patrol craft[2] of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Navy seized[3] at gunpoint two United States Navy riverine command boats that strayed into Iranian territorial waters near Iran's Farsi Island in Persian Gulf,[4][1] while cruising from Kuwait to Bahrain.[5] Iranian territorial waters extend three nautical miles around Farsi Island.[6]
Iranian forces made the sailors kneel with their hands behind their heads,[7] and detained the American crew of the two vessels, nine men and one women, at a military base on Farsi Island.
A U.S. search-and-rescue effort involved sending a U.S. Navy vessel inside Iranian territorial waters over concern sailors could have been lost overboard, leading to "robust bridge-to-bridge communications" with Iranian military vessels. By that time the U.S. sailors were already ashore.[6]
John Kerry spoke with Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif at least five times by telephone. The sailors were released unharmed along with all their equipment,[8] the next day on January 13 after 15 hours[1] and they departed the island at 08:43 GMT on their boats.[4] The IRGC stated that they released them after their investigation concluded the "illegal entry into Iranian water was not the result of a purposeful act."[9]
At first, it was suggested that a mechanical failure in at least one of the boats led them to the Iranian waters,[6] then it was verified that both boats returned to base under their own power. However, American military officials could not explain how they had lost contact with both of the boats.[5]
The commander of Iran's Revolutionary Guards naval forces claimed that the US apologized to Iran for incident.[10] However, the US Government has stated that no apology was made.[11][12]
Iranian state media released pictures of the US personnel kneeling and with their hands behind their heads,[13] which was humiliating and illegal according to James Lyons in the Washington Times.[7]
According to the Fars News Agency on January 26, "the American ships where ‘snooping’ around in Iranian waters," based on the sailors’ GPS data collected by the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Navy.[3] On January 29 Fars News Agency stated "it was proved that the US marines had strayed into Iranian waters only due to the failure of their navigation devices and equipment." [14]
U.S. Central Command stated "A post-recovery inventory of the boats found that all weapons, ammunition and communication gear are accounted for minus two SIM cards that appear to have been removed from two handheld satellite phones."[15] The statement did not account for navigation equipment. A Navy command investigation continues and more details will be provided when it is completed. [16]
Tasnim News Agency reported Islamic Revolutionary Guards Navy Commander Admiral Ali Fadavi said in a February 1 parliamentary session "We have extracted extensive information from their (American sailors’) laptops and cell phones", and that the information can be made public if a decision is made to that effect. [17]
Treatment of American military personnel
On the same day the American crewmembers were released with their vessels, Iran released a series of images and videos which, among other things, showed the U.S. navy sailors on their knees with their hands clasped behind their heads as they were being apprehended on their vessels. Two of the videos featured one of the Americans,[18] apparently the lieutenant commanding the boats,[5] apologizing and praising Iran's treatment: "It was a mistake that was our fault, and we apologize for our mistake... The Iranian behavior was fantastic while we were here and we thank you very much for your hospitality and your assistance." According to Politico, these pictures and footage further "inflam[ed] the American debate over [the sailors'] capture, including the question of whether the U.S. had formally apologized for entering Iranian territory." Michael Pregent, an adjunct fellow at the Hudson Institute and a retired U.S. military officer, said the photos and video, which were used for propaganda purposes and made the sailors readily identifiable, violated articles 13 and 17 of the Geneva Convention.[18] US State Department Spokesman John Kirby addressed the issue, explaining "the Geneva Convention applies for wartime. We’re not at war with Iran". [19] A Defense Department official said that the Navy lieutenant’s filmed apology was probably intended to defuse a potentially volatile situation.[5]
Reaction
Iran
- Hossein Salami, Deputy Commander of the IRGC: The "American sailors started crying after arrest, but the kindness of our Guard made them feel calm... Since the end of the Second World War, no country has been able to arrest American military personnel."[20]
- Ahmad Dolabi, commander of the IRGC unit that detained the American vessels: "I saw the weakness, cowardice, and fear of American soldiers myself. Despite having all of the weapons and equipment, they surrendered themselves with the first action of the guardians of Islam... American forces receive the best training and have the most advanced weapons in the world... But they did not have the power to confront the Guard due to weakness of faith and belief.'"[20]
- Hassan Firouzabadi, Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces: "This incident in the Persian Gulf, which probably will not be the American forces' last mistake in the region, should be a lesson to troublemakers in the U.S. Congress."[21]
- Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei (January 20): "I didn't have the opportunity to thank the young soldiers in the Revolutionary Guards. What they did in the Persian Gulf was right... The politician should do the same and stop the enemies with full power if they cross the line anywhere."[22]
- Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei (January 24): Khamenei met with the IRGC Navy unit that detained the American sailors and thanked them for their "courageous" action due to their "strong faith": "You did an excellent job, which was an interesting and swift action... Certainly, it was the divine job that sent the Americans straying into our territorial waters only to be promptly captured with their hands behind their heads."[23]
- Foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zari posted on Twitter that he was "happy to see dialogue and respect, not threats and impetuousness, swiftly resolved the sailors episode".[24]
- Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei (January 31) conferred a Fath military medal on Commander of the IRGC Navy Rear Admiral Ali Fadavi as well as four others involved in the capture. [25]
United States
- Secretary of State John Kerry thanked Iranian authorities for their cooperation, adding that "we can all imagine how a similar situation might have played out three or four years ago."[5]
- According to the Obama administration, the speedy release of the sailors "shows the power of diplomacy and the promise of its new engagement with Iran."[1]
See also
- United States-Iran relations
- 2004 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel
- 2007 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel
- 2008 U.S.–Iranian naval dispute
- 2011–12 Strait of Hormuz dispute
- JCPOA
References
- 1 2 3 4 "U.S. sailors captured by Iran were held at gunpoint: U.S. military". Reuters. 18 January 2016.
- ↑ McGarry, Brendan. "GPS Devices Taken from Captured US Naval Boats Working, Iran Says". Military.com. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
- 1 2 Staff writers. "Two US Navy boats in Iranian custody - Pentagon". RT International. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- 1 2 "US Navy sailors released unharmed by Iran in less than a day". Associated Press. 13 January 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Iran’s Swift Release of U.S. Sailors Hailed as a Sign of Warmer Relations". The New York Times. 14 January 2016.
- 1 2 3 Barbara Starr, Ryan Browne (15 January 2016). "Ash Carter: 'Navigational error' behind U.S. sailors ending up in Iran". CNN. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- 1 2 Lyons, James. "Seagoing coincidence? Navy’s Iran mishap boosts image of Obama diplomacy". The Washingtion Times. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
- ↑ Friedman, Uri. "The U.S.-Iran Conflict That Never Happened". The Atlantic. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ↑ Fred Barbash (13 January 2016). "Iran releases captured U.S. Navy crew members". Washington Post.
- ↑ Staff writers. "US apologises for Iran naval incursion - Revolutionary Guards - BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
- ↑ "U.S. military reveals missing items after sailors' Iran detention". CBS News. 18 January 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ↑ Brook, Tom Vanden; Michaels, John; Bacon, John (13 January 2016). "U.S. denies apologizing to Iran over Navy sailor incident". USA Today. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ↑ Staff writers. "Iran parades US sailors on state TV before releasing them unharmed". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
- ↑ "Farsnews". en.farsnews.com. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "U.S. Central Command Statement on Events Surrounding Iranian Detainment of 10 U.S. Navy Sailors on Jan. 12-13, 2016". U.S. Central Command. 18 January 2016.
- ↑ "US Central Command statement on events surrounding Iranian detainment of 10 US Navy Sailors Jan. 12-13, 2016". U.S. Central Command Public Affairs. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ↑ "Tasnim News Agency - “Extensive Information” Obtained from US Sailors Captured by IRGC". Tasnim News Agency. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
- 1 2 "Controversy explodes over Iranian images of U.S. sailors". Politico. 13 January 2016.
- ↑ "Daily Press Briefing - January 14, 2016". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
- 1 2 "Iran: 'American Sailors Started Crying After Arrest'". The Washington Free Beacon. 16 January 2016.
- ↑ "Iran says seizure of U.S. boats a lesson to 'troublemakers' in Congress". Reuters. 13 January 2016.
- ↑ "Khamenei praises arrest of U.S. sailors, condemns Saudi embassy attack". Reuters. 20 January 2016.
- ↑ "Iranian Leader Praises IRGC Naval Unit for Powerful Reaction to US Navy Trespassing". Fars News Agency. 24 January 2016.
- ↑ Sharafedin, Bozorgmehr; Stewart, Phil (13 January 2016). "Iran frees U.S. sailors swiftly as diplomacy smoothes waters". Reuters. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ↑ "Farsnews". en.farsnews.com. Retrieved 2016-02-01.