December 25–28, 2012 North American storm complex

December 25–28, 2012 North American storm complex
Category 1 "Notable" (RSI: 2.004)

GOES 13 image of the storm system on December 26
Type Extratropical cyclone
Nor'easter
Blizzard
Tornado outbreak
Formed December 17, 2012[1]
Dissipated December 31, 2012[2]
Lowest pressure 968[3] mb (28.59 inHg)
Tornadoes confirmed 63 reported, 31 confirmed
Max rating1 EF3 tornado
Highest gust 74 mph (119 km/h)
Largest hail 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter (Three locations in Texas on December 25)
Maximum snowfall or ice accretion 27 in (69 cm), Woodford, Vermont
Damage >$150 million
Casualties 16 fatalities, at least 24 injured
Areas affected Alaska, Contiguous United States
Western Canada
Eastern Canada
Bermuda
Ireland
United Kingdom
1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale

The December 25–28, 2012 North American storm complex was a massive storm system that produced both a tornado outbreak and a blizzard across the southern and eastern United States. On Christmas Day 2012 (December 25), a tornado outbreak occurred across Southern United States. This severe weather/tornado event affected the United States Gulf Coast and southern East Coast over a two-day span. It occurred in conjunction with a much larger winter storm event that brought blizzard conditions to much of the interior United States. In total, 31 tornadoes were confirmed by the National Weather Service in five states from Texas to North Carolina. All but one of the tornadoes that occurred during the outbreak touched down on December 25, with the other occurring the following day in North Carolina. Two of the tornadoes were destructive enough to be rated EF3 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale. At least 16 people died as a result of the related blizzard, and thousands were without power.

There were 63 preliminary local storm reports received for tornadoes, including 60 in four states on December 25 alone.[4][5] Significant tornadoes included a long–tracked EF3 that moved across areas of Mississippi and an EF2 that moved through Mobile, Alabama. The Mobile tornado damaged many homes, businesses, a hospital, and a high school, with estimated damages totaling $1.35 million.

Meteorological synopsis

Confirmed tornadoes on December 25, 2012.

On December 24, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a moderate risk for severe storms, valid for the following day. The moderate risk covered an area stretching from west-central Louisiana to west-central Alabama[6] and was expanded south and west on December 25 to include cities such as Port Arthur, New Orleans, and Mobile.[7]

From a meteorological standpoint, a strong upper-level trough moved southeast into Texas from the Rocky Mountains on the evening of the 24th, becoming a powerful, negatively tilted shortwave trough on December 25.[8] In response to the shortwave trough, a surface low formed over south-central Texas by 1200 UTC that morning.[9] Warm, moist air near the surface flowed northward along a warm front extending east from the surface low along the gulf coast on the morning of December 25.[10] Meanwhile, a cold front and dry line had formed to the southwest of the surface low and advanced eastward through the morning, providing a source of lift for convection to form in eastern Texas.[9] Initially, the convection congealed into a quasi-linear convective system while over northeast Texas and western Louisiana, with only a few tornadoes touching down in these areas.[11] Later in the afternoon, enough energy associated with the advancing shortwave trough allowed for the formation of tornadic supercell thunderstorms ahead of the advancing squall line in Louisiana, southern Mississippi, and southern Alabama. Southerly winds near the surface increased, providing strong low level and deep layer wind shear needed for these supercell thunderstorms. Many of the supercells would go on to produce tornadoes.[12] By late in the evening, most storms had congealed into a squall line and weakened due to waning instability.[13]

In the early hours of December 25, a mix of rain and snow began to develop as the upper-level trough began to interact with low-level moisture from the Gulf of Mexico.[14] The system intensified as it moved across the southern plains and into the Mississippi Valley on Christmas Day. The system was able to pull in cold arctic air, causing snow and freezing rain in the south (leading to a rare "White Christmas" event for that portion of the country).[15] As the system moved through the Tennessee Valley overnight into December 26, heavy snow continued in the Ohio Valley.[16] A number areas in the Ohio Valley region, including Dayton, Ohio and Miamisburg, Ohio, and other locations, like Arkansas, also experienced thundersnow.[17] As the day progressed, the system brought snow into the Great Lakes region, and a new low pressure center began to develop in North Carolina.[18] Environment Canada also reported that the system began impacting Ontario that day, bringing heavy snow to the province.[19] The system moved into the Northeast early December 27, with the upper-level trough moving just off the coast of the Delmarva Peninsula.[20] At this point, the storm reached its lowest reported central pressure of 987 mb (29.15 inHg).[21] As the day progressed, the system began to weaken, with the pressure rising,[22] as it continued to move to the northeast, impacting New England, as the system tracked toward the Canadian Maritimes overnight into December 28.[23] That same day, Environment Canada reported heavy and blowing snow over Montreal, Quebec.[24] Early on December 28, the system moved through Nova Scotia, bringing heavy rain and snow before it moved out over the Atlantic Ocean.[25] During the next couple of days, the system slowly moved into the Atlantic Ocean, before accelerating eastward across the Atlantic on December 30. On December 31, the winter storm was absorbed by another extratropical system, just east of the United Kingdom.[2]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
10 11 8 2 0 0 31

List of tornadoes

List of confirmed tornadoes during the 2012 Christmas tornado outbreak (December 25 and 26)[nb 1]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Date Time (UTC) Path length Max width Damage[nb 2] Summary Refs.
EF3 Pennington area Houston TX 31°10′03″N 95°18′48″W / 31.1674°N 95.3132°W / 31.1674; -95.3132 (Pennington (Dec. 25, EF3)) Dec. 25 1505 – 1515 9.72 mi (15.64 km) 300 yd (270 m) $700,000 An agricultural feed store and a restaurant were completely destroyed and several homes and trailers were severely damaged. Numerous trees were downed as well. [4][26]
[27]
EF0 NNW of Pennington Houston TX 31°10′N 95°17′W / 31.16°N 95.28°W / 31.16; -95.28 (Pennington (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 1540 – 1541 0.3 mi (480 m) 30 yd (27 m) $0 Law enforcement observed brief tornado near the site of the previous tornado that lofted debris but did no structural damage. [4][26]
[28]
EF0 N of Slagle Vernon LA 31°13′N 93°08′W / 31.22°N 93.13°W / 31.22; -93.13 (Slagle (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 1815 – 1817 0.24 mi (0.39 km) 50 yd (46 m) $1,000 Very weak tornado downed several trees and destroyed a shed. [4][29]
[30]
EF0 E of Pitkin Vernon LA 30°56′N 92°53′W / 30.94°N 92.89°W / 30.94; -92.89 (Pitkin (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 1843 – 1845 2.19 mi (3.52 km) 200 yd (180 m) $25,000 Approximately 20 to 40 trees were downed, one of which fell on a mobile home. The roof was partially removed from a barn as well. [4][29]
[31]
EF2 Tioga area Rapides LA 31°23′N 92°26′W / 31.38°N 92.43°W / 31.38; -92.43 (Tioga (Dec. 25, EF2)) Dec. 25 1845 – 1848 4.62 mi (7.44 km) 500 yd (460 m) $2,000,000 Approximately 43 homes were damaged, with one losing most of its roof. A carwash was destroyed and five trailers were flipped over. At an industrial complex, large doors were blown in and large portions of roofs were peeled off. At Tioga Elementary School, part of the roof was removed from the gym. One person was injured. [4][29]
[32]
EF2 Alexandria area Rapides LA 31°17′N 92°28′W / 31.29°N 92.46°W / 31.29; -92.46 (Alexandria (Dec. 25, EF2)) Dec. 25 1850 – 1851 0.77 mi (1.24 km) 200 yd (180 m) $2,000,000 Many buildings, including several homes and a church, suffered roof damage. Several trees were downed as well, some of which landed on homes. [4][29]
[33]
EF1 SW of Jonesville Catahoula LA 31°31′N 91°57′W / 31.52°N 91.95°W / 31.52; -91.95 (Jonesville (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 1919 – 1922 2.55 mi (4.10 km) 300 yd (270 m) $75,000 One mobile home was destroyed and several other mobile homes and sheds were damaged. Two doors were blown off of a warehouse, a porch was blown over a mobile home, and numerous trees were downed, one of which fell on a house. [4][34]
[35]
EF1 Centreville area Wilkinson, Amite MS 31°05′N 91°04′W / 31.08°N 91.07°W / 31.08; -91.07 (Centreville (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 2031 – 2038 2.75 mi (4.43 km) 250 yd (230 m) $250,000 Tornado touched down south of Centreville and downed several trees and power poles. One tree fell on a house and brought down a wall. A tire service station lost its canopy and the Centreville Headstart lost a metal awning. It then downed several more trees, with one falling on a car. A mobile home lost its exterior walls and two houses had trees fall on them. Around this time the tornado crossed into Amite County, where it continued east-northeastward and downed many trees. It also caused minor structural damage at one residence, leading to the collapsing of a carport, before lifting. One person was injured. [4][36]
[37][38]
EF1 W of Dixons Mills Marengo AL 32°01′26″N 87°52′07″W / 32.0238°N 87.8687°W / 32.0238; -87.8687 (Dixons Mills (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 2115 – 2121 4.7 mi (7.6 km) 100 yd (91 m) N/A Numerous trees were downed and a few structures suffered minor damage. [4][39]
[40]
EF3 SW of McNeill to McLain Pearl River, Stone, Forrest, Perry, Greene MS 30°39′00″N 89°40′52″W / 30.650°N 89.681°W / 30.650; -89.681 (McNeill (Dec. 25, EF3)) Dec. 25 2120 – 2234 60.72 mi (97.72 km) 300 yd (270 m) $2,700,000 See section on this tornado – Twelve people were injured; eight in Pearl River County and four in Forrest County. [4][36]
[34][41]
[42][43]
[44][45]
[46]
EF0 N of Basin Coffee AL 31°21′36″N 86°07′48″W / 31.3600°N 86.1300°W / 31.3600; -86.1300 (Basin (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 2131 50 yd (46 m) 10 yd (9.1 m) $2,000 Very brief tornado downed a few trees. [4][47]
EF2 NW of Monticello Lawrence MS 31°30′31″N 90°14′16″W / 31.5087°N 90.2377°W / 31.5087; -90.2377 (Monticello (Dec. 25, EF2)) Dec. 25 2135 – 2144 8.37 mi (13.47 km) 440 yd (400 m) $200,000 Tornado touched down and produced minor roof and tree damage. It then moved northeast, moved a carport awning, and destroyed part of a barn. It then destroyed several mobile homes and travel trailers, caused roof and wall damage to a small business, and removed the roof, windows, and awning from an abandoned gas station. The tornado then downed many trees and collapsed the roof of a patio before it lifted. Seven people were injured. [4][34]
[48]
EF1 E of Ovett Jones MS 31°28′29″N 89°01′35″W / 31.4746°N 89.0264°W / 31.4746; -89.0264 (Ovett (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 2209 – 2211 1.21 mi (1.95 km) 100 yd (91 m) $50,000 Numerous trees were downed and a single-wide mobile home had partial roof damage. A small barn had walls collapse, a small outbuilding was blown over, the roof of another small barn collapsed, and a house had significant roof and siding damage. [4][34]
[49]
EF0 Luverne area Crenshaw AL 31°43′14″N 86°16′19″W / 31.7206°N 86.2720°W / 31.7206; -86.2720 (Luverne (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 2221 – 2223 0.18 mi (290 m) 50 yd (46 m) N/A Brief tornado damaged the roofs of two houses, caused significant damage to a third home, and downed many trees. [4][41]
[50]
EF0 N of Patsburg Crenshaw AL 31°47′34″N 86°13′51″W / 31.7928°N 86.2309°W / 31.7928; -86.2309 (Patsburg (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 2228 – 2230 300 yd (270 m) 20 yd (18 m) N/A Brief tornado snapped a large pine tree, peeled roofing from a metal building, blew out windows in two vehicles, and caused significant roof damage to a house. [4][41]
[51]
EF0 S of Meridian Lauderdale MS 32°13′39″N 88°42′55″W / 32.2276°N 88.7153°W / 32.2276; -88.7153 (Meridian (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 2235 – 2237 2.26 mi (3.64 km) 50 yd (46 m) $55,000 Several homes suffered minor roof damage, with another having its tin roof peeled back. A fence was blown over and several trees were downed. [4][34]
[52]
EF2 W of Butler Choctaw AL 32°03′26″N 88°21′13″W / 32.0573°N 88.3536°W / 32.0573; -88.3536 (Riderwood (Dec. 25, EF2)) Dec. 25 2245 – 2256 5.91 mi (9.51 km) 880 yd (800 m) N/A Three manufactured homes were completely destroyed and several other structures suffered minor to moderate damage, including a mobile home and a site-built house. A couple of barns/outbuildings were almost completely destroyed. Many trees were downed along the path. [4][41]
[53]
EF2 Downtown Mobile/Prichard area Mobile AL 30°40′N 88°05′W / 30.67°N 88.09°W / 30.67; -88.09 (Mobile (Dec. 25, EF2)) Dec. 25 2254 – 2305 5.15 mi (8.29 km) 200 yd (180 m) $1,350,000 See section on this tornado – Several people suffered minor injuries. [4][41]
[54]
EF1 SE of Brundidge Dale, Pike AL 31°37′05″N 85°46′15″W / 31.6180°N 85.7709°W / 31.6180; -85.7709 (Tennille (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 2327 – 2336 5.41 mi (8.71 km) 300 yd (270 m) N/A Touched down in Dale County and downed trees before leaving the county. It entered Pike County where it downed numerous trees, damaged two chicken houses, and caused roof damage to two homes. A barn lost its roof as well. [4][39]
[55][56]
EF1 E of Demopolis Marengo AL 32°28′34″N 87°49′22″W / 32.4762°N 87.8228°W / 32.4762; -87.8228 (Demopolis (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 2350 – 2359 5.89 mi (9.48 km) 500 yd (460 m) N/A A cemetery and many mobile homes were damaged, with two of the mobile homes being destroyed. About a dozen homes and a church suffered roof damage and hundreds of trees were downed. [4][39]
[57]
EF1 S of Deer Park Washington AL 31°11′34″N 88°19′18″W / 31.1929°N 88.3217°W / 31.1929; -88.3217 (Deer Park (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 2353 – 0001 2.18 mi (3.51 km) 110 yd (100 m) $0 Numerous trees were downed. [4][41]
[58]
EF2 SW of Grove Hill to SW of Camden Clarke, Wilcox AL 31°37′05″N 87°52′02″W / 31.6180°N 87.8672°W / 31.6180; -87.8672 (Grove Hill (Dec. 25, EF2)) Dec. 25 0000 – 0040 29.85 mi (48.04 km) 150 yd (140 m) N/A The tornado touched down north of Jackson and destroyed a farm outbuilding. It then proceeded northeast and caused significant damage to farm equipment. It also destroyed a grain bin, downed numerous trees, and caused minor structural damage to homes in this area. The tornado continued moving northeast and downed several more trees before nearly falling apart and becoming embedded in a larger microburst. It quickly reformed (without lifting) and moved into Wilcox County. The tornado downed more trees before dissipating. [4][41]
[59][60]
EF0 NNE of Damascus to E of Victoria Coffee AL 31°21′00″N 85°58′48″W / 31.3500°N 85.9800°W / 31.3500; -85.9800 (Damascus (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 0005 – 0033 13.87 mi (22.32 km) 25 yd (23 m) $5,000 Intermittent tornado downed several trees and damaged an outbuilding and a barn. [4][61]
EF0 S of Marrero Jefferson LA 29°52′15″N 90°06′08″W / 29.8708°N 90.1022°W / 29.8708; -90.1022 (Marrero (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 0020 0.8 mi (1.3 km) 25 yd (23 m) $10,000 Weak tornado caused minor shingle damage to several homes, downed several trees, and either damaged or destroyed a few metal carports. One very large hardwood tree was uprooted and several business signs in the area were downed. It then caused an automobile accident and damaged loose objects and a large door at a home improvement store. A canopy at a fast food restaurant was damaged as well. [4][36]
[62]
EF1 Wilmer area Mobile AL 30°49′N 88°22′W / 30.82°N 88.36°W / 30.82; -88.36 (Wilmer (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 0122 – 0127 6.65 mi (10.70 km) 100 yd (91 m) N/A A tractor–trailer was flipped over, a manufactured home sustained minor damage, another manufactured home was destroyed, and the roof of a frame house was damaged. Several greenhouses were destroyed at a nursery and many trees were downed as well. One person was injured. [4][41]
[63]
EF1 S of Fostoria Lowndes AL 32°03′05″N 86°51′02″W / 32.0513°N 86.8505°W / 32.0513; -86.8505 (Farmersville (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 0209 – 0210 2.03 mi (3.27 km) 300 yd (270 m) $0 Multiple trees were downed. [4][39]
[64]
EF0 SSW of Mosses Lowndes AL 32°09′08″N 86°40′54″W / 32.1521°N 86.6818°W / 32.1521; -86.6818 (Mosses (Dec. 25, EF0)) Dec. 25 0226 – 0227 0.62 mi (1.00 km) 75 yd (69 m) N/A Several homes had minor shingle damage, siding was peeled from an elementary school, and one rotten hardwood tree was snapped. [4][39]
[65]
EF2 NW of Hayneville to WSW of Cantelous Lowndes AL 32°12′15″N 86°36′15″W / 32.2043°N 86.6041°W / 32.2043; -86.6041 (Hayneville (Dec. 25, EF2)) Dec. 25 0232 – 0246 9.55 mi (15.37 km) 900 yd (820 m) N/A Hundreds of trees were downed, a large and well-built barn sustained significant damage, a second large barn was mostly destroyed, and numerous power poles were downed. Roofing material was lofted and thrown at least 0.25 miles (400 m), a house lost most of its roof and had cracking of its cement foundation, three to five more homes suffered minor roof damage, a dumpster was thrown about 250 yards (230 m), and several empty semi trailers were flipped onto their sides. [4][39]
[66]
EF2 Goshen to N of Troy Pike AL 31°43′31″N 86°08′50″W / 31.7252°N 86.1472°W / 31.7252; -86.1472 (Conecuh River (Dec. 25, EF2)) Dec. 25 0424 – 0440 15.7 mi (25.3 km) 600 yd (550 m) N/A The tornado touched down and initially downed several trees. It then moved northeast and caused significant damage to two chicken houses, a home, and a small barn. It then paralleled the Conecuh River and downed hundreds of trees. The tornado also caused damage to several homes. A single-wide mobile home was ripped from the ground and rolled 75 yards (69 m), with the frame being ripped apart and wrapped around trees. The tornado then intensified and downed many large trees. It also collapsed a portion of the wall of a brick home. It continued to the northwest side of Troy and downed many more trees. The tornado then destroyed three single-wide manufactured homes, one of which rolled into a stand of trees. The tornado then continued over forested and marshy areas before lifting. Two people were injured. [4][39]
[67]
EF1 E of Montgomery Montgomery AL 32°21′10″N 86°02′43″W / 32.3527°N 86.0452°W / 32.3527; -86.0452 (Montgomery (Dec. 25, EF1)) Dec. 25 0429 – 0430 0.72 mi (1.16 km) 100 yd (91 m) $0 The tornado caused minor shingle damage to a house and downed approximately 50 trees. [4][39]
[68]
EF1 N of Beaufort Carteret NC 34°47′N 76°40′W / 34.79°N 76.67°W / 34.79; -76.67 (Beaufort (Dec. 26, EF1)) Dec. 26 1958 – 2000 0.91 mi (1.46 km) 100 yd (91 m) $10,000 Trees and power lines were downed and a couple houses were severely damaged, including window and roof damage. [5][69]
[70]

McNeill/Maxie, Mississippi area

This EF3 tornado touched down southwest of McNeill and snapped several trees. It then rapidly intensified and destroyed a single-story brick triplex, with only two interior walls left standing. One house in McNeill that was destroyed had survived effects from both Hurricane Camille and Hurricane Katrina. It then crossed U.S. Route 11 and weakened, producing minor roof damage and downing several trees. It also crossed Interstate 59 and travelled through mostly rural areas southeast of Poplarville before reintensifying and crossing into Stone County. In Pearl River County, 22 homes were destroyed, eight had major damage, 16 had minor damage, and an additional nine were affected in some way. Eight people were injured in Pearl River County as it tracked for about 24 miles (39 km).[71][72] The tornado entered Stone County west of Texas and caused significant damage to a few homes. It then snapped numerous pine trees and destroyed a manufactured home. Another manufactured home was rolled into a frame house and several more trees were downed before the tornado moved out of Stone County. Damage in Stone County was rated EF2 as it tracked for 8 miles (13 km).[73]

The tornado then moved into Forrest County where numerous trees and power lines were downed. Two double-wide homes were destroyed, a pickup truck was rolled, and a camper was thrown about 50 yards (46 m). Two additional double-wide homes were nearly destroyed, a single-wide mobile home sustained major damage, and a tree demolished a travel trailer. Four people were injured in Forrest County. Damage in this county was rated EF2 as the tornado traveled for 6.9 miles (11.1 km).[74]

The tornado crossed into Perry County near the DeSoto National Forest at EF1 strength. It quickly regained EF2 status and downed electrical transmission lines. The tornado then destroyed a manufactured home and a hunting camp before weakening back to EF1 status, damaging a few homes, and downing many more trees. The path length through Perry County was about 20 miles (32 km).[73] The tornado then crossed into Greene County near McLain as an EF1 and caused roof damage to an elementary school and a few homes. It also downed several trees before lifing after a path length of 1.4 miles (2.3 km).[73] The tornado tracked for 60.4 miles (97.2 km) across five counties and injured 12 people.[74]

Mobile, Alabama

Damage in on South Carlen Street in Mobile, Alabama, caused by an EF2 tornado.

This large wedge tornado was caught on television tower cameras as it moved through Mobile. The tornado initially touched down at 2254 UTC (4:54 p.m. CST) along Dauphin Island Parkway, just northwest of Interstate 10 and produced damage consistent with an EF1 tornado. Several commercial retailers and numerous homes were damaged, including loss of roof at many of these structures. Several outbuildings were destroyed, numerous structures had windows blown out, and Murphy High School sustained significant damage.[75] Damage at the high school included six portable classrooms being levelled, the roofs being torn off of the auditorium and band building, and other roofs on the school being lifted off the building, only to be deposited back onto the building.[76] The tornado continued northward and strengthened, producing EF2-strength damage to several homes and Trinity Episcopal Church.[75] At the church, part of a new slate roof was blown into the parking lot and a large portion of an exterior brick wall was knocked out, leaving a portion of the building visible from the outside.[77] The tornado widened to its widest point of 200 yards (180 m) in this area.[75][78]

The tornado then weakened slightly (to high-end EF1/weak EF2), damaged several more homes, and blew windows at Mobile Infirmary Medical Center, a hospital of more than 500 beds. Automobiles in the parking lot at the hospital were damaged, with one being flipped. It continued across Interstate 165 and into Prichard, where it produced roof damage to several homes. It also tossed several shipping containers and damaged a warehouse facility before it lifted. Many trees and power lines were downed along the path, which totaled 5.7 miles (9.2 km). Several people suffered minor injuries.[75] Damage estimates to the cities of Mobile and Prichard totaled out at $1.35 million.[79]

A tornado emergency was issued for the tornado as it approached areas of Downtown Mobile at 2300 UTC (5:00 p.m. CST), stating Midtown Mobile, Downtown Mobile, and Prichard, Alabama as potentially affected areas.[80] The tornado followed a path just east of the weaker December 20 tornado, which also impacted Mobile.[81]

Impact

Southeast and Midwest United States

In Arkansas, two people were killed in a highway accident as a result of sleet on the roads. A Louisiana man was killed when high winds knocked over a tree onto a house.[82] On December 25, more than 6 inches (15 cm) of snow fell in Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle.[83] Freezing rain was blamed for a 21-car pileup on Interstate 35 near Oklahoma City.[84] 40 Oklahoma National Guard soldiers were deployed throughout the state to assist motorists on roads.[85] Two people were killed in separate weather-related car crashes. The driver of a truck was killed in Texas when strong winds knocked over a tree, which fell on the vehicle.[82] Two people were killed in separate weather-related automobile accidents in Virginia.[86]

Snow in Columbus, Ohio, on December 28

The National Weather Service issued a blizzard warning for southern Illinois, the first blizzard warning in history for the region. Several counties also closed their courthouses due to the snow.[87] Two people were killed in a traffic accident in Indiana caused by snowy roads on December 26, and an 18-year-old Ohio girl was killed when she lost control of her vehicle due to poor road conditions and crashed into a snow plow.[86]

Northeast United States and Canada

A Southwest Airlines jet slid off its taxiway and got stuck in mud on the morning of December 27. There were no injuries on board, and the passengers and crew all took a later flight to their destination. A man was killed in a car accident while checking on a disabled vehicle along Interstate 78 near Allentown, Pennsylvania. On Wednesday evening, an American Airlines flight that had safely landed at Pittsburgh International Airport ran over a patch of snow on the tarmac and got stuck for approximately two hours. Nobody was injured in the incident.[86]

Over 200 flights were cancelled at Toronto Pearson International Airport. Several pedestrian and car accidents were reported.[88] A record setting 18 inches (46 cm) of snow fell over the Montreal-Laval, Quebec area. The previous record snowfall occurred 41 years earlier in March 1971 when 42 centimetres (17 in) had fallen. Numerous road accidents were reported throughout the province, including a 15-vehicle pileup near Saint-Cuthbert, Quebec.[89]

Aftermath

Louisiana

In Alexandria, after a relatively short-lived EF2, utility/public works crews and police and fire personnel were dispatched around the city to aid in the cleanup. Within 12 hours of the tornado hitting, nearly 100% of the power had been restored and all streets were clear of hazardous debris.[90]

In Tioga, after another EF2 tornado, neighbors, friends, and family of victims aided in the cleanup across town. Many homes and other structures were damaged and there were many volunteers ready to help victims of the tornado. Power was out in the area for at least two days.[91] A Cenla man partnered with the American Red Cross in an effort to raise at least $10,000 for storm victims across the area.[92]

Mississippi

Mississippi governor Phil Bryant declared a state of emergency for eight counties in the southern part of the state. These counties were: Pearl River, Forrest, Greene, Hinds, Jones, Lawrence, Wilkinson, and Stone.[72]

Many donations were brought to the McNeill, Mississippi VFD building for victims of the EF3 tornado in Pearl River County. These donations came from citizens and businesses of many surrounding areas, such as Gulfport, Mississippi and Slidell, Louisiana. Items such as toiletries and yard supplies (shovels, rakes, etc.) were provided by the Sam's Club and Tractor Supply stores in Slidell. Many articles of clothing as well as many other supplies were donated as well.[93] In neighboring Stone County, many people pitched in to help with the cleanup in the affected areas. Stone County was affected by the same tornado that hit McNeill.[94]

Alabama

In Mobile and Prichard, volunteers distributed bottled water, yard supplies, and clean-up kits to people who were affected by the EF2 tornado in that area. Tarps were provided as well for houses that suffered roof damage. Murphy High School students were transferred to nearby Clark-Shaw Magnet School to finish out the school year as repairs were being made to Murphy High.[95] The Salvation Army provided food for more than 1,000 people in Mobile, as well as people affected by the EF2 tornado near Troy.[96]

The Mobile Infirmary was damaged and, with no power, was relegated to using generators. Across the state, 27,600 Alabama Power customers were left without electricity, with approximately 23,000 of those in the Mobile area.[97]

A local block party and concert took place at a school in Mobile on January 4, 2013. Everything for the party, including the food, a bounce house, and the music, was donated. All proceeds went to local Catholic Social Services and the American Red Cross to be distributed to Mobile families to help rebuild after the tornado.[98]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.
  2. ↑ All damage totals are in 2011 USD unless otherwise stated.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/archives/web_pages/sfc/sfc_archive_maps.php?arcdate=12/17/2012&selmap=2012121715&maptype=satsfcnps
  2. 1 2 http://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20121231.gif
  3. ↑ http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/archives/web_pages/sfc/sfc_archive_maps.php?arcdate=12/24/2012&selmap=2012122415&maptype=satsfcnps
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 "121225's Storm Reports (1200 UTC - 1159 UTC)". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  5. 1 2 "121226's Storm Reports (1200 UTC - 1159 UTC)". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 26, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  6. ↑ Weiss, Steve (December 24, 2012). "December 24, 2012 1730 UTC Day 2 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  7. ↑ Leitman, Elizabeth; Mead, Corey (December 24, 2012). "December 25, 2012 1300 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  8. ↑ "Area Forecast Discussion". National Weather Service Office in Mobile, Alabama. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  9. 1 2 "Area Forecast Discussion". National Weather Service Office in Austin/San Antonio, Texas. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  10. ↑ "Area Forecast Discussion". National Weather Service Office in Lake Charles, Louisiana. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  11. ↑ "Area Forecast Discussion". National Weather Service Office in Lake Charles, Louisiana. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  12. ↑ "Area Forecast Discussion". National Weather Service Office in Jackson, Mississippi. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  13. ↑ "Area Forecast Discussion". National Weather Service Tallahassee, Florida. December 26, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
  14. ↑ Rubin-Oster, Brendon (December 25, 2012). "Short Range Forecast Discussion". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  15. ↑ Kong, Kwan-Yin (December 25, 2012). "Short Range Forecast Discussion". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  16. ↑ Rubin-Oster, Brendon (December 26, 2012). "Short Range Forecast Discussion". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  17. ↑ Pydynowski, Kristina (December 26, 2012). "Thundersnow in Indiana, Ohio traveling eastward". Norwalk Reflector. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  18. ↑ Kong, Kwan-Yin (December 26, 2012). "Short Range Forecast Discussion". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  19. ↑ "Weather Summary for All of Southern Ontario and the National Capital Region Issued by Environment Canada at 12:14 AM EST Friday 28 December 2012". Environment Canada. December 28, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  20. ↑ Rubin-Oster, Brendon (December 27, 2012). "Short Range Forecast Discussion". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  21. ↑ Ryan, Sean (December 27, 2012). "Storm Summary Number 06 for Southern Plains to Northeast U.S. Winter Storm". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  22. ↑ Gerhardt, Mary Beth (December 27, 2012). "Storm Summary Number 09 for Southern Plains to Northeast U.S. Winter Storm". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  23. ↑ Kong, Kwan-Yin (December 27, 2012). "Short Range Forecast Discussion". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  24. ↑ "Environment Canada's Official Weather Warnings". Environment Canada. December 27, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  25. ↑ "Special Weather Summary Message for New Brunswick Issued by Environment Canada at 8:52 AM AST Friday 28 December 2012". Environment Canada. December 28, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  26. 1 2 "Preliminary Severe Weather Report December 25, 2012". National Weather Service Office in Houston/Galveston, Texas. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. February 4, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  27. ↑ Texas Event Report: EF3 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  28. ↑ Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  29. 1 2 3 4 "NWS Damage Survey For 12/25 Severe Weather Event". National Weather Service Office in Lake Charles, Louisiana. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 27, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  30. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  31. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  32. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  33. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 "Christmas Day 2012 Tornado Event". National Weather Service Office in Jackson, Mississippi. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 28, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  35. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  36. 1 2 3 "Severe Weather Event Christmas Day 2012". National Weather Service Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. January 8, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  37. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  38. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Christmas Day Tornadoes of 2012". National Weather Service Office in Birmingham, Alabama. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. January 1, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  40. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "25 December 2012 Tornadoes". National Weather Service Office in Mobile, Alabama. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 31, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  42. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF3 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  43. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  44. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  45. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  46. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  47. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  48. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  49. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  50. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  51. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  52. ↑ Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  53. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  54. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  55. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  56. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  57. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  58. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  59. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  60. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  61. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  62. ↑ Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  63. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  64. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  65. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  66. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  67. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  68. ↑ Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  69. ↑ "Tornado Confirmed Near Beaufort In Carteret County North Carolina". National Weather Service Office in Newport, North Carolina. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 26, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  70. ↑ North Carolina Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center (Report) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2013. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  71. ↑ "Pearl River Tornado December 25, 2012". National Weather Service Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  72. 1 2 Pittari, Jeremy (December 25, 2012). "State of emergency declared locally (Christmas Day tornado wreaks havoc in county)". The Picayune Item. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  73. 1 2 3 "NWS Damage Survey For 25 December 2012 Tornado Outbreak Across Southeast Mississippi And Southwest Alabama". National Weather Service Office in Mobile, Alabama. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  74. 1 2 "December 25, 2012 Forrest County Tornado". National Weather Service Office in Jackson, Mississippi. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  75. 1 2 3 4 "Christmas Afternoon EF-2 Confirmed By The NWS". National Weather Service Office in Mobile, Alabama. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 26, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  76. ↑ Haven, Rose Ann (December 27, 2012). "Murphy Students Transfer to Clark Shaw". WKRG. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  77. ↑ McPhail, Carol (December 26, 2012). "Trinity Episcopal Members: 'We'll Get Through This'". Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  78. ↑ "Midtown Mobile Tornado (Mobile County)". National Weather Service Office in Mobile, Alabama. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 26, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  79. ↑ "Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  80. ↑ "Severe Weather Statement". National Weather Service Office in Mobile, AL. Mobile, Alabama: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 25, 2012.
  81. ↑ "20 Dec 2012 Mobile, AL and Avalon Point, FL Tornadoes". National Weather Service Office in Mobile, Alabama. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 20, 2012. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  82. 1 2 Van Anglen, Jim; Reeves, Jay; Amy, Jeff; Plushnick-Masti, Ramit; Bartels, Chuck; McConnaughey, Janet; Wagner, Daniel (December 26, 2012). "Christmas tornados and storms blamed for six deaths in U.S.; bad weather moves northeast". National Post. Associated Press. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  83. ↑ Simpson, Iam (December 25, 2012). Maler, Sandra, ed. "Oklahoma Storm 2012: Winter Weather Hits U.S. Plains From Texas To Alabama". The Huffington Post. Reuters. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  84. ↑ "Freezing rain causes 21-vehicle pileup in Oklahoma". USA Today. Associated Press. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  85. ↑ "Slick, Snowy Roads In Southeast Oklahoma Make Travel Hazardous". News 9 Now / News on 6 Now. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  86. 1 2 3 ""Low-end blizzard" eases in Northeast". CBS News. Associated Press. December 27, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  87. ↑ "Blizzard Hits Southern Illinois". Insurance Journal. Associated Press. December 27, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
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  89. ↑ "Snowstorm slams Montreal area". Ottawa Citizen. December 28, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  90. ↑ "Mayor Confirms Tornado In Alexandria". KALB. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  91. ↑ "Tioga Unites After Tornado". KALB. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  92. ↑ "Tioga Tornado Fundraiser". KALB. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  93. ↑ Pittari, Jeremy (December 25–26, 2012). "Donations pour into McNeill VFD". The Picayune Item. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  94. ↑ Lady, Michelle (December 27, 2012). "Community comes together to help tornado victims". WLOX. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  95. ↑ "Volunteers help storm victims in Alabama". WSFA. Associated Press. December 27, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  96. ↑ "Volunteers, Relief Groups Help Ala Storm Victims". Alabama Public Radio. Associated Press. December 27, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
  97. ↑ "Tornadoes hit Gulf Coast states on Christmas Day". WTOC. December 25, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  98. ↑ "Concert To Benefit Tornado Victims". WKRG News 5. January 3, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
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