2007 Central Luzon hog cholera outbreak

An outbreak of classical swine fever (hog cholera) in the Philippine region of Central Luzon, particularly the provinces of Pampanga and Bulacan occurred in mid-2007, the Philippine Department of Agriculture (DA) confirmed.

Statistics

Bulacan, which lies immediately north of Metro Manila is the center of hog raising in the Philippines. Backyard and commercial farms, about 300 in number, with 80% of those commercial, are estimated to have more than a million sows.^[1]

The outbreak

The outbreak was originally confined on early July to backyard farms in 3 towns but expanded to 43 barangays in 12 municipalities (of 21 municipalities and 3 cities) in Bulacan. Commercial farms, which are 80% of the farms, were unaffected, according to provincial veterinarian Felipe Bartolome. Bartolome also dismissed the cases of foot-and-mouth disease in the province, and the hog cholera only affected about 3,000-5,000 sows.^[1] The DA assured the public that pork prices will remain stable and that the supply of pork in Metro Manila won't be affected.^[2]

As a result of the outbreak, the DA issued a memorandum to prevent the spread of hog cholera virus in Central Luzon, containing quarantine policies to prevent further spread of the virus and information dissemination on proper hog hygiene.^[3]

At the end of July, DA's Bureau of Animal Industry via a report of its officer-in-charge Davinio Catbagan to DA secretary Arthur Yap said "hog cholera, swine flu and the pseudo-rabies virus that hit some farms have now been placed under control through measures the Department of Agriculture immediately put in place." The DA released 5,000 doses of hog cholera vaccine in the province to curtail the outbreak.^[4] In its estimate, the DA said only 4,000 sows, 2,000 each in Bulacan and Pampanga were affected. Furthermore, the National Meat Inspection Service strictly monitored the movement of hogs and newly slaughtered meat.^[5] The final count for Bulacan was pegged at 2,823 affected hogs, representing a minimal 0.29% of the total hog population of over one million in Bulacan, in 43 barangays in 11 towns and one city.^[6]

Hot meat

As a result of the outbreak, police checkpoints were put up on roads entering Metro Manila.^[7] A routine inspection seized 400 kilograms of "hot meat" at the town of Sta. Maria. Quezon City officials confiscated five tons of meat from the Balintawak public market during a surprise inspection.^[8]

References

Cholera Cholera Symptoms Treatment Prevention Susceptibility Transmission Diagnosis History Cholera bacteria Vibrio cholerae Strains: El Tor Discovery: 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak John Snow Reverend Henry Whitehead Treatment Oral rehydration therapy Antibiotics: Tetracycline cotrimoxazole erythromycin doxycycline chloramphenicol furazolidone Fluoroquinolones: norfloxacin Outbreaks Cholera pandemics: 1817–24 cholera pandemic 1829–51 cholera pandemic 1852–60 cholera pandemic 1863–75 cholera pandemic 1881–96 cholera pandemic 1899–1923 cholera pandemic 1961–75 cholera pandemic Other outbreaks: 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak 2007 Iraq cholera outbreak 2008 Congo cholera outbreak 2008–2009 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak 2010 Haiti cholera outbreak 2012 Sierra Leonean cholera outbreak 2014–15 African cholera outbreak