1st Croatian Guards Corps
| 1st Croatian Guards Corps | |
|---|---|
 Corps flag, bearing corps shoulder sleeve insignia | |
| Active | 1994–2000 |
| Country | Croatia |
| Type | Special forces |
| Size | 2,500 |
| Garrison/HQ | Zagreb |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
Mile Ćuk Miljenko Filipović |
The 1st Croatian Guards Corps (Croatian: 1. hrvatski gardijski zbor) was a special formation of the Croatian Army (Hrvatska vojska – HV) directly subordinated to the Ministry of Defence rather than the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia and reporting directly to the President of Croatia. The corps was established in 1994 by the amalgamation of various HV special forces. The 2,500-strong unit was organised into the 1st Croatian Guards Brigade (1. hrvatski gardijski zdrug – HGZ), a multi-purpose special forces combat unit, and four battalions tasked with ensuring the security of the President of Croatia and carrying out ceremonial duties. The HGZ took part in a number of military operations during the Croatian War of Independence and the Bosnian War. It was disbanded in 2000, when its components were amalgamated with other HV units to form the Special Operations Battalion, the 305th Military Intelligence Battalion, and the Honour Guard Battalion.
Establishment
On 25 February 1994, the special forces of the Croatian Army (Hrvatska vojska – HV) were reorganised when all HV's special forces units were combined to form the 1st Croatian Guards Corps (1. hrvatski gardijski zbor).[1] In April, personnel of the 8th Military Police Light Assault Brigade (itself only established in September 1993) were also transferred to the corps,[2] ultimately making the corps 2,500-strong. In addition to special forces operations, the corps was also tasked with providing security for the President of Croatia.[1] The corps was organised into four specialised battalions and the 1st Croatian Guards Brigade (1. hrvatski gardijski zdrug – HGZ), a multi-purpose special forces combat unit.[3] The HGZ was considered the elite unit of the HV.[4] The entire corps was directly subordinated to the Ministry of Defence rather than the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia,[5] and reported directly to the president.[6] It was commanded by Major General Mile Ćuk. Ćuk and his deputy were based in the Presidential Palace, while the bulk of the corps was based in nearby Tuškanac barracks.[1] The HGZ was capable of fielding up to 300 troops in combat.[7] It was commanded by Colonel (later Major General) Miljenko Filipović, who had previously commanded the Zrinski Battalion—one of the special forces units amalgamated into the corps.[8]
| Unit | Purpose |
|---|---|
| 1st Croatian Guards Brigade | Multi-purpose special forces unit; the brigade included a parachute battalion, an armoured-mechanised battalion, an electronic warfare battalion and a mixed aviation aquadron. |
| 1st Guards Honour Battalion | Honour guard unit, used in ceremonial occasions, wearing dress uniforms |
| 2nd Guards Assault Battalion | Presidential guard unit, wearing battledress |
| 3rd Guards Naval Honour Assault Battalion | Presidential guard and honour guard unit, headquartered on Brijuni Islands |
| 4th Guards Special Purpose Battalion | Plain clothes bodyguards; The battalion included a motorcycle honour guards platoon. |
Combat service
The HGZ took part in several battles of the Croatian War of Independence and the Bosnian War. In late November and December 1994, it participated in Operation Winter '94, the joint offensive of the HV and the Croatian Defence Council (Hrvatsko vijeće obrane – HVO) which pushed the Army of Republika Srpska (Vojska Republike Srpske – VRS) from the western parts of the Livanjsko field in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[9] Elements of the HGZ also saw action along the Novska–Okučani axis of advance in the HV's Operation Flash offensive that took place in western Slavonia in early May 1995.[10] By this time, the HGZ also commanded its own artillery and Mil Mi-24 helicopter gunships, in addition to Mil Mi-8 transport helicopters.[6] The HGZ redeployed west of Livno once again in early June to take part in Operation Leap 2, extending the salient that had been created in late 1994 west towards Bosansko Grahovo and Glamoč.[11] The unit participated in the capture of those towns in late July 1995 during Operation Summer '95.[12]
In preparation for Operation Storm, the HV 4th Guards and 7th Guards Brigades were pulled back from positions facing the VRS that had been established during Operation Summer '95, and were reoriented south towards the Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina (ARSK). The ARSK was protecting the northern approaches to Knin − the capital of the unrecognised Republic of Serbian Krajina − which Croatia claimed as part of its own territory. As the two brigades turned over the positions north and west of Bosansko Grahovo to the HV 81st Guards Battalion, the HGZ was deployed to the rear of the battalion, tasked with intervening in case of any VRS attack towards Bosansko Grahovo.[13] On the second day of the operation, 6 August, after Knin was captured by the HV, the HGZ was airlifted from the Livanjsko field to the village of Rovanjska north of Zadar.[14] They then linked up with the 2nd Battalion of the 9th Guards Brigade and advanced east to capture the villages of Muškovac and Kaštel Žegarski.[15] On 8 August, the HGZ participated in an operation against the last significant ARSK pocket in the area of Donji Lapac and Srb, alongside the three guards brigades and special police forces.[16]
In September 1995, the HGZ took part in Operation Mistral 2, which extended HV and HVO control in western Bosnia and Herzegovina and captured the towns of Jajce, Šipovo and Drvar, moving the confrontation line north towards the Bosnian Serb capital of Banja Luka.[17] In October, the HGZ also participated in Operation Southern Move, which captured the town of Mrkonjić Grad, and reached the southern slopes of Mount Manjača, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Banja Luka.[18]
Reorganisation
The corps was disbanded in 2000 and its constituents reorganised.[19] A part of the HGZ was amalgamated with the Special Combat Skills Centre Šepurine to form the Special Operations Battalion.[20] The remainder of the brigade was amalgamated with the Reconnaissance-Sabotage Company based in Pula, the 350th Sabotage Detachment, the 280th Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platoon, and the 275th Electronic Warfare Company to form the 305th Military Intelligence Battalion.[21] The elements of the corps which were tasked with security of the President of Croatia and ceremonial duties were reformed and the Honour Guard Battalion was established in their place.[1]
Footnotes
- 1 2 3 4 Žabec 27 November 2010.
- ↑ Thomas & Mikulan 2006, p. 27.
- 1 2 Bilandžić & Milković 2009, note 20.
- ↑ Bilandžić & Milković 2009, p. 49.
- 1 2 CIA 2002, p. 447.
- 1 2 Thomas & Mikulan 2006, p. 25.
- ↑ Index.hr 16 April 2011.
- ↑ Biluš 14 September 2004.
- ↑ Ratković November 2011.
- ↑ CIA 2002, p. 399, note 73.
- ↑ Marijan 2010, p. 57.
- ↑ CIA 2002, p. 365.
- ↑ Marijan 2010, pp. 79–80.
- ↑ Marijan 2010, note 198.
- ↑ Marijan 2010, pp. 86–87.
- ↑ CIA 2002, p. 374.
- ↑ CIA 2002, p. 381.
- ↑ CIA 2002, pp. 390–391.
- ↑ Bilandžić & Milković 2009, p. 50.
- ↑ MORH 29 April 2013.
- ↑ Vlahović October 2013.
References
- Books
- Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Russian and European Analysis (2002). Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. ISBN 978-0-16-066472-4.
- Marijan, Davor (2010). Storm (PDF). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Homeland War Memorial & Documentation Centre. ISBN 978-953-7439-25-5.
- Thomas, Nigel; Mikulan, Krunislav (2006). The Yugoslav Wars (1): Slovenia & Croatia 1991–95. Oxford, England: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-963-9.
- Scientific journal articles
- Bilandžić, Mirko; Milković, Stjepan (December 2009). "Specijalne vojno-policijske protuterorističke postrojbe: Hrvatska i svijet" [Special Military and Police Counter-Terrorist Units: Croatia and the World]. Polemos: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research on War and Peace (in Croatian) (Croatian Sociological Association and Jesenski & Turk Publishing House) 12 (24): 33–60. ISSN 1331-5595.
- News reports
- Biluš, Marina (14 September 2004). "Tajna snimka tereti generala Filipovića" [Secret Recording Points to General Filipović]. Nacional (weekly) (in Croatian) (461).
- "Pročitajte Brijunske transkripte, glavni dokaz Haškog suda" [Read Brijuni Transcripts, Main Evidence of the Hague Court] (in Croatian). Index.hr. 16 April 2011.
- Ratković, Filip (November 2011). "Obilježena 17. godišnjica vojne akcije "Zima '94."" [The 17th anniversary of military Operation Winter '94 marked] (PDF). Sinjske novine. Archived from the original on 30 November 2013.
- Žabec, Krešimir (27 November 2010). "Predsjednik Josipović iz bojne izbacio sve umiješane u "sumnjive poslove"" [President Josipović Discharged Everyone Involved in "Suspicious Activities" from the Battalion]. Jutarnji list (in Croatian).
- Other sources
- "Bojna za specijalna djelovanja" [Special Operations Battalion] (in Croatian). Ministry of Defence (Croatia). 29 April 2013. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014.
- Vlahović, Domagoj (October 2013). "Spremni za buduće izazove" [Ready for Future Challenges]. Hrvatski vojnik (in Croatian) (Ministry of Defence (Croatia)) (433). ISSN 1333-9036.
Further reading
- Lucić, Josip, ed. (2011). 1. hrvatski gardijski zdrug [1st Croatian Guards Brigade] (in Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Ministry of Defence (Croatia). ISBN 978-953-193-124-3.