1998 FIFA World Cup

"World Cup 98" redirects here. For the video game, see World Cup 98 (video game).
"France 98" redirects here. For the charity association, see France 98 (charity association).
1998 FIFA World Cup
Coupe du Monde – France 98

1998 FIFA World Cup official logo
Tournament details
Host country France
Dates 10 June – 12 July (33 days)
Teams 32 (from 5 confederations)
Venue(s) 10 (in 10 host cities)
Final positions
Champions  France (1st title)
Runners-up  Brazil
Third place  Croatia
Fourth place  Netherlands
Tournament statistics
Matches played 64
Goals scored 171 (2.67 per match)
Attendance 2,785,100 (43,517 per match)
Top scorer(s) Croatia Davor Šuker (6 goals)
Best player Brazil Ronaldo
Best young player England Michael Owen
Best goalkeeper France Fabien Barthez

The 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams. It was held in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998. The country was chosen as the host nation by FIFA for the second time in the history of the tournament, defeating Morocco in the bidding process.

Qualification for the finals began in March 1996 and concluded in November 1997. For the first time in the competition, the group stage were expanded from 24 teams to 32, with eight groups of four. A total of 64 matches were played in 10 stadiums located across 10 different host cities, with the opening match and final staged at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis.

The tournament was won by France, who beat Brazil 3–0 in the final. France won their first title, becoming the seventh nation to win a World Cup, and the sixth (after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina) to win the tournament on home soil. Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa made their first appearances in the finals.

Host selection

Main article: FIFA World Cup hosts

France was awarded the 1998 World Cup on 2 July 1992 by the executive committee of FIFA during a general meeting in Zürich, Switzerland. They defeated Morocco by 12 votes to 7.[1][2] Switzerland withdrew, due to being unable to meet FIFA's requirements. This made France the third country to host two World Cups, after Mexico and Italy in 1986 and 1990 respectively. France previously hosted the third edition of the World Cup in 1938. England, who hosted the competition in 1966 and won it, were among the original applicants, but later withdrew their application in favour of an ultimately successful bid to host Euro 96.

Voting results[3]
Country Round 1
France France 12
Morocco Morocco 7

Bribery & Corruption Investigations

On 4 June 2015 Chuck Blazer while co-operating with the FBI and the Swiss authorities confirmed that he and the other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed in order to promote the France 1998 and 2010 World Cups. Blazer stated that "we facilitated 'bribes in conjunction with the selection of the host nation for France the 1998 World Cup".[4][5]

Qualification

The qualification draw for the 1998 World Cup finals took place in the Musée du Louvre, Paris on 12 December 1995.[6] As tournament hosts, France was exempt from the draw as was Brazil the defending champions. 174 teams from six confederations participated, up 24 from the previous round. In Europe, fourteen countries qualified excluding France. Ten were determined after group play, nine group winners and the best second-placed team. The other eight group runners-up were drawn into pairs of four play-off matches – the winners of which qualifying for the finals as well.[7] Five places were granted by CONMEBOL and CAF each, the governing bodies of South America and Africa respectively while three spots were contested between 30 teams through CONCACAF – the governing body in North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The winner of the Oceanian zone advanced through to an intercontinental play-off against the runner-up of the Asian play-off, determined by the two best second placed teams.

Four nations qualified for the World Cup for the first time: Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa. The last team to qualify was Iran by virtue of beating Australia in a two-legged tie on 29 November 1997.[8] It marked their first appearance in the finals since 1978, the last time Tunisia also qualified for the tournament. Chile qualified for the first time since 1982. Paraguay and Denmark qualified for the first time since 1986. Austria, England, Scotland and Yugoslavia return after missing only one final tournament. Among the teams who failed to qualify were two-time winners Uruguay for the second successive tournament and Sweden who finished third in 1994. Russia failed to qualify for the first time since 1978, where they contested as the USSR, after losing to Italy in the play-off round.[9] As of 2014, this is the last time Scotland, Morocco, Norway, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania and Jamaica have qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals.

List of qualified teams

The following 32 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings,[10] qualified for the final tournament.

AFC (4)
CAF (5)
OFC (0)
CONCACAF (3)
CONMEBOL (5)
UEFA (15)
  Countries qualified for World Cup
  Country failed to qualify
  Countries that did not enter World Cup
  Country not a FIFA member

Venues

France's bid to host the World Cup centered on a national stadium with 80,000 seats and nine other stadiums located across the country.[11] When the finals were originally awarded in July 1992, none of the regional club grounds were of a capacity meeting FIFA's requirements – namely being able to safely seat 40,000.[11] The proposed national stadium, colloquially referred to as the 'Grand stade' met with controversy at every stage of planning; the stadium's location was determined by politics, finance and national symbolism.[12] As Mayor of Paris, Jacques Chirac successfully negotiated a deal with Prime Minister Édouard Balladur to bring the Stade de France – as it was named now, to the commune of Saint-Denis just north of the capital city.[12] Construction on the stadium started in December 1995 and was completed after 26 months of work in November 1997 at a cost of ₣2.67 billion.[13]

The choice of stadium locations was drafted from an original list of 14 cities.[14] FIFA and CFO monitored the progress and quality of preparations, culminating in the former providing final checks of the grounds weeks before the tournament commenced. Montpellier was the surprise inclusion from the final list of cities because of its low urban hierarchy in comparison to Strasbourg, who boasted a better hierarchy and success from its local football team, having been taken over by a consortium. Montpellier however was considered ambitious by the selecting panel to host World Cup matches. The local city and regional authories in particular had invested heavily into football the previous two decades and were able to measure economic effects, in terms of jobs as early as in 1997.[15] Some of the venues used for this tournament were also used for the previous World Cup in France in 1938. The Stade Vélodrome in Marseille, the Stade Municipal in Toulouse, the Gerland in Lyon, the Parc Lescure in Bordeaux and the Parc des Princes in Paris received the honor of hosting World Cup matches once again in 1998 as they had all done in 1938.

10 stadiums in total were used for the finals; in addition to nine matches being played at the Stade de France, a further eight took place in Paris Saint Germain's Parc des Princes. The hosts France played 4 of their 7 matches in the national stadium; they also played in the second and third largest French cities of Marseille and Lyon respectively; they also played a Round of 16 knockout match in the northern city of Lens.

Saint-Denis Marseille Paris Lyon
Stade de France Stade Vélodrome Parc des Princes Stade de Gerland
48°55′28″N 2°21′36″E / 48.92444°N 2.36000°E / 48.92444; 2.36000 (Stade de France) 43°16′11″N 5°23′45″E / 43.26972°N 5.39583°E / 43.26972; 5.39583 (Stade Vélodrome) 48°50′29″N 2°15′11″E / 48.84139°N 2.25306°E / 48.84139; 2.25306 (Parc des Princes) 45°43′26″N 4°49′56″E / 45.72389°N 4.83222°E / 45.72389; 4.83222 (Stade de Gerland)
Capacity: 80,000 Capacity: 60,000 Capacity: 48,875 Capacity: 44,000
Lens
Stade Félix-Bollaert
50°25′58.26″N 2°48′53.47″E / 50.4328500°N 2.8148528°E / 50.4328500; 2.8148528 (Stade Félix-Bollaert)
Capacity: 41,300
Nantes
Stade de la Beaujoire
47°15′20.27″N 1°31′31.35″W / 47.2556306°N 1.5253750°W / 47.2556306; -1.5253750 (Stade de la Beaujoire)
Capacity: 39,500
Toulouse Saint-Étienne Bordeaux Montpellier
Stadium de Toulouse Stade Geoffroy-Guichard Parc Lescure Stade de la Mosson
43°34′59.93″N 1°26′2.57″E / 43.5833139°N 1.4340472°E / 43.5833139; 1.4340472 (Stadium de Toulouse) 45°27′38.76″N 4°23′24.42″E / 45.4607667°N 4.3901167°E / 45.4607667; 4.3901167 (Stade Geoffroy-Guichard) 44°49′45″N 0°35′52″W / 44.82917°N 0.59778°W / 44.82917; -0.59778 (Parc Lescure) 43°37′19.85″N 3°48′43.28″E / 43.6221806°N 3.8120222°E / 43.6221806; 3.8120222 (Stade de la Mosson)
Capacity: 37,000 Capacity: 36,000 Capacity: 35,200 Capacity: 34,000

Innovations

Technologies

This was the first World Cup that fourth officials used electronic boards, instead of cardboard.[16]

Rule changes

This was the first World Cup since the introduction of golden goals,[16] banning of tackles from behind and allowance of three substitutions per game.[17]

Match officials

34 referees and 33 assistants officiated in the 1998 World Cup.[18] As a result of the extension to 32 teams in the finals, there was an increase of 10 referees and 11 officials from the 1994 World Cup.[18]

CAF (5)
AFC (4)
UEFA (15)
CONCACAF (3)
OFC (1)
CONMEBOL (6)

Seeds

Pot A Pot B Pot C Pot D

Squads

For more details on this topic, see 1998 FIFA World Cup squads.

As with the preceding tournament, each team's squad for the 1998 World Cup finals consisted of 22 players. Each participating national association had to confirm their final 22-player squad by 1 June 1998.

Out of the 704 players participating in the 1998 World Cup, 447 were signed up with a European club; 90 in Asia, 67 in South America, 61 in Northern and Central America and 37 in Africa.[19] 75 played their club football in England – five more than Italy and Spain. FC Barcelona of Spain was the club contributing to the most players in the tournament with 13 players on their side.[19]

The average age of all teams was 27 years, 8 months – five months older than the previous tournament.[20] Samuel Eto'o of Cameroon was the youngest player selected in the competition at 17 years, 3 months while the oldest was Jim Leighton of Scotland at 39 years, 11 months.[20]

Group stage

All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

  Champion
  Runner-up
  Third place
  Fourth place
  Quarter-finals
  Round of 16
  Group stage

In the following tables:

Key to colours in group tables
Group winners and runners-up advance to the Round of 16

Group A

Defending champions Brazil won Group A after only two matches as the nation achieved victories over Scotland (2–1) and Morocco (3–0). Heading into the third game, Brazil had nothing to play for but still started its regulars against Norway, who was looking to upset Brazil once again. Needing a victory, Norway overturned a 1–0 deficit with 12 minutes remaining to defeat Brazil 2–1, with Kjetil Rekdal scoring[21] the winning penalty to send Norway into the knockout stage for the first time.

Norway's victory denied Morocco a chance at the Round of 16, despite winning 3–0 against Scotland. It was only Morocco's second ever victory at a World Cup, having recorded its only previous win 12 years earlier on 11 June 1986.

Scotland managed only one point, coming in a 1–1 draw against Norway, and failed to get out of the first round for an eighth time in the FIFA World Cup, a record that stands to this date.

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Brazil 320163+36
 Norway 312054+15
 Morocco 31115504
 Scotland 301226−41
10 June 1998
Brazil  2–1  Scotland Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Morocco  2–2  Norway Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier
16 June 1998
Scotland  1–1  Norway Parc Lescure, Bordeaux
Brazil  3–0  Morocco Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes
23 June 1998
Brazil  1–2  Norway Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
Scotland  0–3  Morocco Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

Group B

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Italy 321073+47
 Chile 30304403
 Austria 302134−12
 Cameroon 302125−32
11 June 1998
Italy  2–2  Chile Parc Lescure, Bordeaux
Cameroon  1–1  Austria Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse
17 June 1998
Chile  1–1  Austria Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne
Italy  3–0  Cameroon Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier
23 June 1998
Italy  2–1  Austria Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Chile  1–1  Cameroon Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

Group C

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 France 330091+89
 Denmark 31113304
 South Africa 302136−32
 Saudi Arabia 301227−51
12 June 1998
Saudi Arabia  0–1  Denmark Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens
France  3–0  South Africa Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
18 June 1998
South Africa  1–1  Denmark Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse
France  4–0  Saudi Arabia Stade de France, Saint-Denis
24 June 1998
France  2–1  Denmark Stade de Gerland, Lyon
South Africa  2–2  Saudi Arabia Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Group D

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Nigeria 32015506
 Paraguay 312031+25
 Spain 311184+44
 Bulgaria 301217−61
12 June 1998
Paraguay  0–0  Bulgaria Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier
13 June 1998
Spain  2–3  Nigeria Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes
19 June 1998
Nigeria  1–0  Bulgaria Parc des Princes, Paris
Spain  0–0  Paraguay Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne
24 June 1998
Nigeria  1–3  Paraguay Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse
Spain  6–1  Bulgaria Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

Group E

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Netherlands 312072+55
 Mexico 312075+25
 Belgium 30303303
 South Korea 301229−71
13 June 1998
South Korea  1–3  Mexico Stade de Gerland, Lyon
Netherlands  0–0  Belgium Stade de France, Saint-Denis
20 June 1998
Belgium  2–2  Mexico Parc Lescure, Bordeaux
Netherlands  5–0  South Korea Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
25 June 1998
Netherlands  2–2  Mexico Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne
Belgium  1–1  South Korea Parc des Princes, Paris

Group F

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Germany 321062+47
 Yugoslavia 321042+27
 Iran 310224−23
 United States 300315−40
14 June 1998
Yugoslavia  1–0  Iran Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne
15 June 1998
Germany  2–0  United States Parc des Princes, Paris
21 June 1998
Germany  2–2  Yugoslavia Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens
United States  1–2  Iran Stade de Gerland, Lyon
25 June 1998
United States  0–1  Yugoslavia Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes
Germany  2–0  Iran Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

Group G

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Romania 321042+27
 England 320152+36
 Colombia 310213−23
 Tunisia 301214−31
15 June 1998
England  2–0  Tunisia Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
Romania  1–0  Colombia Stade de Gerland, Lyon
22 June 1998
Colombia  1–0  Tunisia Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier
Romania  2–1  England Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse
26 June 1998
Colombia  0–2  England Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens
Romania  1–1  Tunisia Stade de France, Saint-Denis

Group H

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Argentina 330070+79
 Croatia 320142+26
 Jamaica 310239−63
 Japan 300314−30
14 June 1998
Argentina  1–0  Japan Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse
Jamaica  1–3  Croatia Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens
20 June 1998
Japan  0–1  Croatia Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes
21 June 1998
Argentina  5–0  Jamaica Parc des Princes, Paris
26 June 1998
Argentina  1–0  Croatia Parc Lescure, Bordeaux
Japan  1–2  Jamaica Stade de Gerland, Lyon

Knockout stage

The knockout stage comprised the sixteen teams that advanced from the group stage of the tournament. There were four rounds of matches, with each round eliminating half of the teams entering that round. The successive rounds were the round of 16, quarter-finals, semi-finals, and the final. There was also a play-off to decide third and fourth place. For each game in the knockout stage, any draw at 90 minutes was followed by 30 minutes of extra time; if scores were still level, there was a penalty shoot-out to determine who progressed to the next round. Golden goal comes into play if a team scores during extra time, thus becoming the winner which concludes the game.

Round of 16 Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final
                           
27 June – Paris            
  Brazil  4
3 July – Nantes
  Chile  1  
  Brazil  3
28 June – Saint-Denis
    Denmark  2  
  Nigeria  1
7 July – Marseille
  Denmark  4  
  Brazil (p)  1 (4)
29 June – Toulouse
    Netherlands  1 (2)  
  Netherlands  2
4 July – Marseille
  Yugoslavia  1  
  Netherlands  2
30 June – St. Étienne
    Argentina  1  
  Argentina (p)  2 (4)
12 July – Saint-Denis
  England  2 (3)  
  Brazil  0
27 June – Marseille
    France  3
  Italy  1
3 July – Saint-Denis
  Norway  0  
  Italy  0 (3)
28 June – Lens
    France (p)  0 (4)  
  France (aet)  1
8 July – Saint-Denis
  Paraguay  0  
  France  2
29 June – Montpellier
    Croatia  1   Third Place
  Germany  2
4 July – Lyon 11 July – Paris
  Mexico  1  
  Germany  0   Netherlands  1
30 June – Bordeaux
    Croatia  3     Croatia  2
  Romania  0
  Croatia  1  

Round of 16

27 June 1998
16:30
Italy  1–0  Norway
Vieri  18' Report
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
Attendance: 55,000
Referee: Bernd Heynemann (Germany)

27 June 1998
21:00
Brazil  4–1  Chile
César Sampaio  11', 27'
Ronaldo  45+1' (pen.), 70' 		Report Salas  68'
Parc des Princes, Paris
Attendance: 45,500
Referee: Marc Batta (France)

28 June 1998
16:30
France  1–0 (a.e.t.)  Paraguay
Blanc  114' Report

28 June 1998
21:00
Nigeria  1–4  Denmark
Babangida  78' Report Møller  3'
B. Laudrup  12'
Sand  60'
Helveg  76'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 77,000
Referee: Urs Meier (Switzerland)

29 June 1998
16:30
Germany  2–1  Mexico
Klinsmann  75'
Bierhoff  86' 		Report Hernández  47'

29 June 1998
21:00
Netherlands  2–1  Yugoslavia
Bergkamp  38'
Davids  90+2' 		Report Komljenović  48'

30 June 1998
16:30
Romania  0–1  Croatia
Report Šuker  45+2' (pen.)
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux
Attendance: 31,800
Referee: Javier Castrilli (Argentina)

Quarter-finals

3 July 1998
21:00
Brazil  3–2  Denmark
Bebeto  11'
Rivaldo  27', 60' 		Report Jørgensen  2'
B. Laudrup  50'

4 July 1998
16:30
Netherlands  2–1  Argentina
Kluivert  12'
Bergkamp  90' 		Report López  17'

4 July 1998
21:00
Germany  0–3  Croatia
Report Jarni  45+3'
Vlaović  80'
Šuker  85'
Stade de Gerland, Lyon
Attendance: 39,100
Referee: Rune Pedersen (Norway)

Semi-finals

8 July 1998
21:00
France  2–1  Croatia
Thuram  47', 69' Report Šuker  46'

Third place match

Croatia beat the Netherlands to earn third place in the competition. Davor Šuker scored the winner in the 35th minute to secure the golden boot.[22]

11 July 1998
21:00
Netherlands  1–2  Croatia
Zenden  21' Report Prosinečki  13'
Šuker  35'
Parc des Princes, Paris
Attendance: 45,500
Referee: Epifanio González (Paraguay)

Final

The final was held on 12 July 1998 at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis. France defeated holders Brazil 3–0, with two goals from Zinedine Zidane and a stoppage time strike from Emmanuel Petit. The win gave France their first World Cup title, becoming the sixth national team after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina to win the tournament on their home soil. They also inflicted the second-heaviest World Cup defeat on Brazil,[23] later to be topped by their 1–7 defeat by Germany in the semi-finals of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[24]

The pre-match build up was dominated by the omission of Brazilian striker Ronaldo from the starting lineup only to be reinstated 45 minutes before kick-off.[25] He managed to create the first open chance for Brazil in the 22nd minute, dribbling past defender Thuram before sending a cross out on the left side that goalkeeper Fabien Barthez struggled to hold onto. France however took the lead after Brazilian defender Roberto Carlos conceded a corner which Zidane scored via a header. Three minutes before half-time, Zidane scored his second goal of the match, similarly another header from a corner. The tournament hosts went down to ten men in the 68th minute as Marcel Desailly was sent off for a second bookable offence. Brazil reacted to this by making an attacking substitution and although they applied pressure France sealed the win with a third goal: substitute Patrick Vieira set up his club teammate Petit in a counterattack to shoot low past goalkeeper Cláudio Taffarel.[26]

French president Jacques Chirac was in attendance to congratulate and commiserate the winners and runners-up respectively after the match.[27] Several days after the victory, winning manager Aimé Jacquet announced his resignation from the French team with immediate effect.[28][29]

12 July 1998
21:00
Brazil  0–3  France
Report Zidane  27', 45+1'
Petit  90+3'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 80,000
Referee: Said Belqola (Morocco)

Statistics

Goalscorers

Davor Šuker received the Golden Boot for scoring six goals. In total, 171 goals were scored by 112 different players, with six of them credited as own goals.

6 goals
5 goals
4 goals
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal
Own goals

Awards

Golden Shoe winner Golden Ball winner Yashin Award FIFA Fair Play Trophy Most Entertaining Team
Croatia Davor Šuker Brazil Ronaldo France Fabien Barthez  England
 France		  France

Players who were red-carded during the tournament

All-star team

The All-star team is a squad consisting of the 16 most impressive players at the 1998 World Cup, as selected by FIFA's Technical Study Group.[30]

Goalkeepers Defenders Midfielders Forwards

France Fabien Barthez
Paraguay José Luis Chilavert

Brazil Roberto Carlos
France Marcel Desailly
France Lilian Thuram
Netherlands Frank de Boer
Paraguay Carlos Gamarra

Brazil Dunga
Brazil Rivaldo
Denmark Michael Laudrup
France Zinedine Zidane
Netherlands Edgar Davids

Brazil Ronaldo
Croatia Davor Šuker
Denmark Brian Laudrup
Netherlands Dennis Bergkamp

Final standings

After the tournament, FIFA published a ranking of all teams that competed in the 1998 World Cup finals based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[31]

R Team G P W D L GF GA GD Pts.
1  France C 7 6 1 0 15 2 +13 19
2  Brazil A 7 4 1 2 14 10 +4 13
3  Croatia H 7 5 0 2 11 5 +6 15
4  Netherlands E 7 3 3 1 13 7 +6 12
Eliminated in the quarter-finals
5  Italy B 5 3 2 0 8 3 +5 11
6  Argentina H 5 3 1 1 10 4 +6 10
7  Germany F 5 3 1 1 8 6 +2 10
8  Denmark C 5 2 1 2 9 7 +2 7
Eliminated in the round of 16
9  England G 4 2 1 1 7 4 +3 7
10  Yugoslavia F 4 2 1 1 5 4 +1 7
11  Romania G 4 2 1 1 4 3 +1 7
12  Nigeria D 4 2 0 2 6 9 −3 6
13  Mexico E 4 1 2 1 8 7 +1 5
14  Paraguay D 4 1 2 1 3 2 +1 5
15  Norway A 4 1 2 1 5 5 0 5
16  Chile B 4 0 3 1 5 8 −3 3
Eliminated in the group stage
17  Spain D 3 1 1 1 8 4 +4 4
18  Morocco A 3 1 1 1 5 5 0 4
19  Belgium E 3 0 3 0 3 3 0 3
20  Iran F 3 1 0 2 2 4 −2 3
21  Colombia G 3 1 0 2 1 3 −2 3
22  Jamaica H 3 1 0 2 3 9 −6 3
23  Austria B 3 0 2 1 3 4 −1 2
24  South Africa C 3 0 2 1 3 6 −3 2
25  Cameroon B 3 0 2 1 2 5 −3 2
26  Tunisia G 3 0 1 2 1 4 −3 1
27  Scotland A 3 0 1 2 2 6 −4 1
28  Saudi Arabia C 3 0 1 2 2 7 −5 1
29  Bulgaria D 3 0 1 2 1 7 −6 1
30  South Korea E 3 0 1 2 2 9 −7 1
31  Japan H 3 0 0 3 1 4 −3 0
32  United States F 3 0 0 3 1 5 −4 0

Symbols

Footix, France 98 mascot

Mascot

The official mascot was Footix, a rooster first presented in May 1996.[32] It was created by graphic designer Fabrice Pialot and selected from a shortlist of five mascots.[33] Research carried out about the choice of having a cockerel as a mascot was greatly received: 91% associated it immediately with France, the traditional symbol of the nation.[32] Footix, the name chosen by French television viewers, is a portmanteau of "football" and the ending "-ix" from the popular Astérix comic strip.[32] The mascot's colours reflect those of the host nation's flag and home strip – blue for the jump suit, a red crest and with the words 'France 98' coloured in white.

Official song

The official song of the 1998 FIFA World Cup was "The Cup of Life," aka "La Copa de la Vida" recorded by Ricky Martin.[34][35]

Match ball

Main article: Adidas Tricolore

The match ball for the 1998 World Cup, manufactured by Adidas was named the Tricolore, meaning 'three-coloured' in French.[36] It was the eighth World Cup match ball made for the tournament by the German company and was the first in the series to be multi-coloured.[37] The tricolour flag and cockerel, traditional symbols of France were used as inspiration for the design.[37]

Media

Sponsorship

The sponsors of the 1998 FIFA World Cup are divided into two categories: FIFA World Cup Sponsors and France Supporters.[38]

FIFA World Cup sponsors France Supporters
Coca-Cola was one of the sponsors of FIFA World Cup 1998.

The absence of Budweiser (which was one of the sponsors in the previous two World Cups) is notable due to the Evin law, which forbids alcohol-related sponsorship in France, including in sports events (and thus, being replaced by Casio).[39]

Broadcasting

FIFA, through several companies, sold the broadcasting rights for the 1998 FIFA World Cup to many broadcasters. In the UK BBC and ITV had the broadcasting rights. The pictures and audio of the competition were supplied to the TV and radio channels by the company TVRS 98, the broadcaster of the tournament.[40]

The World Cup matches were broadcast in 200 countries. 818 photographers were credited for the tournament. In every match, a stand was reserved for the press. The number of places granted to them reached its maximum in the final, when 1,750 reporters and 110 TV commentators were present in the stand.[41]

Video games

The official video game, World Cup 98 was released by EA Sports on 13 March 1998 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation, Nintendo 64 and the Game Boy. It was the first international football game developed by Electronic Arts since obtaining the rights from FIFA in 1997 and received mostly favourable reviews.[42][43][44]

Many other video games, including International Superstar Soccer 98, World League Soccer 98, Actua Soccer 2 and Neo Geo Cup '98: The Road to the Victory were released in the buildup to the 1998 World Cup and evidently were based on the tournament. FIFA: Road to World Cup 98, also by EA Sports focused on the qualification stage.

Legacy

Honorary FIFA President João Havelange praised France's hosting of the World Cup, describing the tournament as one that would "remain with me forever, as I am sure they will remain with everyone who witnessed this unforgettable competition".[45] Lennart Johansson, the chairman of the organising committee for the World Cup and President of UEFA added that France provided "subject matter of a quality that made the world hold its breath".[46]

Cour des Comptes, the quasi-judicial body of the French government released its report on the organisation of the 1998 World Cup in 2000.[47]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "France Gets 1998 World Cup". The New York Times. 3 July 1992. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  2. ↑ "France awarded 1998 World Cup". The Item. 2 July 1992. p. 3. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  3. ↑ "FIFA World Cup™ host announcement decision" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  4. ↑ Vicki Hodges, Giles Mole, JJ Bull, Luke Brown and Rob Crilly, "Fifa whistleblower Chuck Blazer - bribes accepted for 1998 and 2010 World Cups: as it happened", The Telegraph, 3 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015
  5. ↑ Owen Gibson, Paul Lewis, "Fifa informant Chuck Blazer: I took bribes over 1998 and 2010 World Cups", The Guardian, 3 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015
  6. ↑ "New Overtime Rule For 1998 World Cup". New York Times. Associated Press. 1 June 1995. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  7. ↑ Shaw, Phil (13 December 1995). "Italy and Poland bar England's road to France". The Independent. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  8. ↑ "Celebration and heartbreak". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 29 November 1997. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  9. ↑ "Soccer: Roundup – 1998 World Cup qualifying; Belgium earns berth and eliminates Ireland". New York Times. 15 November 1997. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  10. ↑ "FIFA/Coca Cola World Ranking (20 May 1998)". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 27 January 2012.
  11. 1 2 Dauncey & Hare, p. 98.
  12. 1 2 Dauncey & Hare, p. 99.
  13. ↑ Dauncey & Hare, p. 107.
  14. ↑ Dauncey & Hare, p. 101.
  15. ↑ Dauncey & Hare, p. 104.
  16. 1 2 France 1998. Sport24, 2010-05-05 12:12.
  17. ↑ Substitute the subs rule? By Mitch Phillips, 5 November 2007 Reuters Soccer Blog.
  18. 1 2 "Referees and assistants for France 98 chosen". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 2 February 1998. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
  19. 1 2 "Players Facts & Figures: Eto's the youngest, Leighton the oldest". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 8 June 1998. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
  20. 1 2 FIFA, p. 15.
  21. ↑ Her er de ti beste sportsøyeblikkene
  22. ↑ "Debutant takes third place with win over the Netherlands". CNNSI. Associated Press. 11 July 1998. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
  23. ↑ Paul, Oberjuerge (12 July 1998). "France plays perfect host; hoists World Cup in Paris.". Gannett News Service. Paris: SoccerTimes. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  24. ↑ "Match report".
  25. ↑ "World commentators decry Brazil, Ronaldo". CNNSI. Associated Press. 12 July 1998. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  26. ↑ "ZZ Top of the World". New Straits Times. 13 July 1998. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  27. ↑ "Zidane leads France to pinnacle of soccer glory". CNNSI. Associated Press. 12 July 1998. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  28. ↑ Barth, Elie (18 July 1998). "Il devrait succéder à Gérard Houllier comme directeur technique national". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  29. ↑ "Jacquet steps down to move up". New Straits Times. 18 July 1998. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  30. ↑ "FIFA announces All-Star team". CNNSI. 10 July 1998.
  31. ↑ "All-time FIFA World Cup Ranking 1930–2010" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
  32. 1 2 3 Hand, David (1998). "Footix: the history behind a modern mascot" (PDF). Sage Publications. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  33. ↑ "Fabrice Pialot l'inventeur de la mascotte Footix". France 3 (in French). Institut National de l'Audiovisuel. 22 May 1996. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  34. ↑ "FIFA World Cup Official Songs 1990 – 2010". BeemBee.com. 10 June 2010. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  35. ↑ Change to local timeChange to your time (14 June 2014). "Brazilian star Claudia Leitte to perform with Pitbull and Jennifer Lopez on the official song for the 2014 FIFA World Cup™". FIFA.com. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  36. ↑ "Fifa World Cup match balls through time". Telegraph.co.uk. 27 November 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
  37. 1 2 "1998: adidas Tricolore". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 24 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
  38. ↑ "2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil official partners". FIFA.com. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  39. ↑ http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualite-economique/mondial-98-budweiser-jette-l-eponge_1428916.html
  40. ↑ Dutheil, Guy (1998). Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development (France), ed. "France 98, vive le Football ! - Un véritable enjeu médiatique". Label France (31). Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  41. ↑ (French) (FIFA 1998, p. 128 and 129)
  42. ↑ IGN Staff (15 July 1998). "World Cup 98". IGN (IGN Entertainment). Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  43. ↑ Smith, Josh (5 June 1998). "World Cup 98 Review". GameSpot. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  44. ↑ James, Chris (July 1998). "Football's Coming Home". PC Guide (Future Publishing) 4 (4): 53–57.
  45. ↑ FIFA, p. 4.
  46. ↑ FIFA, p. 6.
  47. ↑ Chemin, Michel (25 January 2001). "Cour des comptes: Coupe du monde". Libération (in French). Retrieved 29 January 2012.

Sources

External links

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