1990s in fashion

For the majority of the decade, 1990s fashion in Europe, Oceania, Asia, and America was defined by a return to minimalist fashion^[1] contrasted to the more elaborate and flashy trends of the 1980s. One notable shift in the western world was the mainstream adoption of tattoos,^[2] body piercings aside from ear piercing^[3] and to a lesser extent, other forms of body modification such as branding.

In the early 1990s, several late 1980s fashions remained very stylish among both sexes. However, the popularity of grunge and alternative rock music helped bring the simple, unkempt grunge look into the mainstream by 1994. The anti-conformist approach to fashion lead to the popularisation of the casual chic look; this included T-shirts, jeans, hoodies, and trainers, a trend which continued into the 2000s (decade). Additionally, fashion trends throughout the decade recycled styles from previous decades,^[4] notably the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.

Due to increased availability of the internet^[5] and satellite television outside of the United States, plus the reduction of import tariffs under NAFTA, fashion became more globalized^[6] and homogeneous in the late 1990s^[7] and early 2000s.^[8][9]

Women's fashion

Early 1990s (1990-92)

Supermodels and high fashion

• Throughout the 1990s, supermodels dominated the fashion industry. The top models of the 1990s were Linda Evangelista, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell, Eva Herzigova, Nadja Auermann, Christie Brinkley, Christy Turlington, Kate Moss, Carla Bruni, Tatiana Sorokko, Helena Christensen, Claudia Schiffer, Karen Mulder, Yasmin Le Bon, Nadège, Yasmeen Ghauri, Stephanie Seymour, Carolyn Murphy, Amber Valletta, Shalom Harlow, and Tyra Banks. Photographer Lindbergh loved photographing Evangelista, because he considered her to be both contemporary and elegant.
• Kate Moss, who often modeled for Calvin Klein, sparked controversy with her very thin, waif-like figure. Due to Kate’s extremely skinny heroin chic frame, many criticized her for allegedly promoting eating disorders in her shots. Reportedly, posters of Kate Moss were often defaced with graffiti that read “feed me”.^[10]

Neon colors

• The early 1990s saw a continuation of late 1980s fashion, including bold, geometric print clothing in electric blue, orange, fluorescent pink, purple, turquoise^[11] and acid green,^[12] popularized by dance rappers like Lisa Lopes^[13] of TLC. In the US, South Africa,^[14] and Japan, typical patterns included triangles, zigzag lightning bolts, diamonds, lozenges, rectangles, overlapping freeform shapes, simulated explosions inspired by comic books or pop art, intricate grids,^[15] and clusters of thin parallel lines in contrasting colors, such as white, black and yellow on a cyan background. Many women wore denim button down Western shirts, colored jeans in medium and dark green, red, and purple colors, metallic spandex leggings, halterneck crop tops, drainpipe jeans, colored tights, bike shorts, black leather jackets with shoulder pads, baby doll dresses with bike shorts or capri leggings underneath, and skater dresses. Bright neon colored tops and leg warmers were popular, together with leopard print skirts^[16] and black or white shirts, leggings and jackets printed with abstract red, blue, yellow and green geometric patterns. In America, popular accessories included court shoes, cowboy boots, headscarves, slouch socks, Keds, ballet flats, and penny loafers or boat shoes associated with the preppy look.

Leggings and exercise-wear

• From 1990 onwards, sports bras, hoodies and Leotards worn as tops with jeans were popular with young girls, teens, college girls, and young women in the UK, Europe and America. A common outfit was to wear a skirt, dress shorts, babydoll or minidress with black opaque tights, white athletic socks, and white Keds athletic sneakers. It was not uncommon to see mothers dressed right along with their daughters in white slouch socks worn over black leggings or sweatpants (especially heather grey color), oversized T-shirt or sweater, and Keds, Converse All Stars, or unisex aerobic, basketball or running shoes like Nike Air or gold Reebok hi-tops.^[17] Leggings and slouch socks with oversized tops and casual sneakers especially Keds continued to be worn as lounge wear and everyday comfortable and fashionable casual wear until the late 1990s.

Grunge

• In mid 1992, grunge fashion broke into the mainstream for both sexes. For younger American, Australian and Latina women, grunge fashion consisted of flannel shirts, ripped jeans, mom jeans, Doc Martens, combat boots, band T-shirts, oversized knit sweaters, long and droopy skirts, ripped tights, Birkenstocks, hiking boots,^[18][19][20] and eco-friendly clothing made from recycled textiles or fair trade organic cotton.^[21] A prominent example of the popularity of grunge fashion is the teen drama television series "My So Called Life".^[22] Grunge fashion peaked in late 1993 and early 1994.^[18][23][24]

Mid-1990s (1993-96)

Glamour wear

• In 1994, grunge clothing rapidly declined as fashion became more feminine and form-fitting. Young women in the UK and America wore tailored skirt and trouser suits, short skirts and dresses, baby doll dresses, animal prints, hot pants,^[25] slim pants, bright colors (even in colder months), long and short skirts, and high heels.^[26] High-shine fabrics, such as satin, metallics, sequins, microfiber, vinyl, and silk became very prominent on both clubwear and work wear.^[18][23][24] The most common look among young women that year was the short black slip dress worn over a tight, undersized white T-shirt.^[23] Loungewear generally consisted of black Lycra leggings,^[27] large T-shirts, oversized sweatshirts, and baggy sweaters while at home or relaxing during the weekends.^[18]
• A very popular look among young women and girls from 1994-95^[24] was the "sexy school girl" look. This trend consisted of tartan minikilts, undersized sweaters, short slip dresses, baby doll tees, knee highs, thigh highs, miniature backpacks, overalls, tights, pantyhose, and chunky shoes.^[24][28] The sexy school girl look was prominently portrayed in films with female leads such as Clueless,^[29][30] Empire Records,^[31] and The Craft.^[32]
• Among women over 30, 1950s ladylike fashions made a comeback in the United States. This included pencil skirts, cardigans, girdles, petticoats, satin or lace Wonderbra lingerie, and fitted suits.^[33] Popular accessories that went hand-in-hand with this revival included brooches, white gloves, sheer stockings, diamonds, sequins, and red lipstick.^[33] For more casual occasions, women opted for lean capri pants,^[26] polka dot blouses, belted trench coats, 1940s style sandals, white canvas shoes, and leather jackets.^[25]
• Popular shoes and accessories during the mid-1990s in Europe and North America included Loafers, Mary Janes,^[24] suede sneakers,^[23] mules, clogs,^[34] knee high boots,^[27] jelly shoes, Go-go boots,^[25][28] black court shoes, casual sneakers like Keds, silver jewelry, dainty earrings and necklaces,^[24] conch shell necklaces, berets, straw hats, floppy hats, gold jewelry, and hipster belts.^[25] Navel piercings had started to gain popularity around this time.

Work wear

• For much of the early and mid 1990s, power dressing was the norm for women in the workplace:^[35] navy blue, grey or pastel colored skirt suits with shoulder pads,^[36] pussy bow blouses, silk scarves, pointed shoes, stretchy miniskirts,^[37] polka dot blouses, and brightly colored short dresses worn a with dark brocade blazer, bare legs and metallic open toed shoes. Other 1980s fashions such as chunky jewelery, hoop earrings, smoky eye make-up, hairspray, Alice bands,^[38] and brightly painted nails remained common. Shorts suits were also very popular. They consisted of a regular suit top and jacket and dress shorts with tights underneath usually worn with flats.

• By 1996, professional women in Britain, Australia and America wore more relaxed styles and muted colors,^[39] such as black floral print dresses, plain kaftan style blouses, Mary Janes, maxi skirts, boots, smart jeans, big floppy hats, culottes, and chunky platform shoes. Trouser suits began to replace skirts,^[40] and nude tights and black pantyhose made a comeback.^[41]

Late 1990s (1997-99)

Asian influences

Beginning in 1997 and continuing into the mid 2000s,^[42] Southeast Asian and Indian fashion began to gain recognition from the global media^[43] due to the establishment of the Fashion Design Council of India, and the hosting of India Fashion Week in Delhi.^[44] Inspired by Bollywood cinema and a resurgence of interest in 1970s fashion, designers in India adapted and repurposed traditional garments like the saree, churidar and kurta into the Anarkali ballgown from the early 90s onwards. By the late 90s, kurta tunics were turned into short dresses, and Manish Arora designed garish Hindu "God printed T shirts"^[45] for both locals and Western tourists. British, Asian and American designers also incorporated ethnic chic cloth such as khadi, paisley, silk or Indonesian Batik^[46] into Western inspired clothing patterns such as shirts and blouses featuring traditional embroidery. These clothings were worn not only by the immigrant Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Indian diaspora in Britain, but also by many non-Indian women.^[47]

1970s revival

• Around 1996/97, fashion started to take cues from the disco fashion of the mid–late 1970s. This included pleather pants,^[48] halter tops,^[49] metallic clothing,^[50] crop tops, tube tops, maxi coats, maxi skirts, knee boots, and boot-cut dress pants.^[27] Popular colors included plum, chocolate, and navy, all of which replaced black,^[27] which had become ubiquitous.^[51] This continued into the 2000s (decade).
• In the late 1990s, color started making a comeback in mainstream fashion due to heavy demand.^[52][53] In 1997, some of the newer trends that emerged included tight shirts, bell bottoms, platform shoes,^[18][54] fleeces, cropped tank tops, Union jack motifs inspired by the Cool Britannia movement,^[55] and military inspired clothing, such as cargo pants and flak jackets with camouflage patterns.^[51] Animal prints were ubiquitous in the late 1990s.^[56]
• Fashion trends popular from 1996-1999 included glamour wear, high-waisted miniskirts, plastic chokers, knee socks associated with the school girl look,^[57] tight pants, slip dresses, turtle-neck sweaters, conservative chic, capri pants, high-waisted trousers, and cardigans.
• More formal styles intended for the workplace or special occasions (such as a cocktail party) included silk blouses in neutral colors or animal prints,^[56] tailored pantsuits and skirt suits inspired by the 1980s,^[52] collarless coats,^[58] and the little black dress, with or without subtle embroidery.^[18]

Casual chic

• From 1998-2000, the unisex casual chic look gained mainstream appeal, with dark stonewash jeans, spaghetti strap crop tops, tracksuits, sweatpants, and other athletic clothing. Denim's popularity was at an all-time high in Europe, with designer denim jackets and matching jeans rocketing in prices. Other common, more affordable brands included Mudd, JNCO, and Evisu, a Japanese denim brand which launched in the 1980s.^[58] The most popular trainers were white or black and manufactured by Adidas, Skechers, Hitec and Nike. Running shoes with built in air pumps were popular among both sexes. Leather had largely replaced canvas, and soles were made of foam rather than solid rubber.
• In the US and Britain, popular accessories included large hoop earrings, shoes with rounded toes, flip flops, jelly shoes, rhinestone-encrusted hip belts, embellished slippers, beaded wristbands and lariats,^[58] Alice bands, pashminas,^[51] fascinators, gold jewelry,^[18] moccasin loafers,^[58] running shoes, jelly bracelets,^[59] bandanas, and novelty Wellington boots with patterns like leopard print or zebra stripes.

Men's fashion

Early 1990s (1990-92)

Casual clothing

• Continuing on from the late 1980s, many young men in the UK and Europe wore tapered high waisted jeans with matching denim jackets, Stone Island or Ralph Lauren polo shirts with contrasting collars,^[60] short Harrington jackets, brightly colored windcheaters, Hush Puppies shoes,^[61] V neck sweaters, soccer shorts, pastel colored three button sportcoats, graphic print T-shirts,^[62] tracksuit tops with a vertical contrasting stripe down the sleeve, sweatpants, shiny red or blue rayon monkey jackets, grey or tan leather jackets with shoulder pads, and wool baseball jackets with contrasting sleeves. Short shorts were popular in the early years of the decade,^[63] but were replaced with looser and baggier basketball shorts after 1993 when hip-hop fashion went mainstream.

Grunge look

• From 1991 until 1997, flannel shirts became very popular in the US and Australia, due to their use among the skater subculture and grunge bands like Nirvana, Mudhoney,^[64] or Pearl Jam.^[65] Unlike the fitted Western shirts of the 1970s which fastened with pearl snaps, the flannel shirts of the 1990s were padded and loose-fitting for optimum warmth.^[66] Men also wore acid wash jeans, patterned wool sweaters, black Schott Perfecto leather jackets, sheepskin coats, olive green anoraks, corduroy sportcoats, grey sweatpants and fingerless gloves.
• In Britain and the US, popular accessories included Converse All Stars, trapper hats, tuques, combat boots, Doc Martens Boots, Aviator sunglasses popularized by rock star Freddie Mercury,^[67] and neon-colored trainers (sometimes incorporating flashing lights and elastic self-tying laces).

Mid 1990s (1993-96)

Cool Britannia and '70s revival

• Around 1995/1996, 1960s mod clothing and longer hair were popular in Britain, Canada, and the US due to the success of Britpop. Men wore Aloha shirts,^[68] brown leather jackets, velvet blazers, paisley shirts, throwback pullover baseball jerseys, and graphic-print T-shirts (often featuring dragons, athletic logos or numbers). Real fur went out of fashion and fake fur became the standard.^[26]
• The 1970s became a dominant theme for inspiration on men's apparel in 1996. Among these clothing styles were coats with fur- or faux fur-trimmings, jackets with bold shoulders and wide lapels, and boot-cut slacks.^[27] This continued into the 2000s (decade). Casual clothes such as trousers, sweaters, and denim jackets were worn with shirts made of satin, PVC, and terry cloth. Both pastel colors and bold patterns were popular and successfully replaced black.^[25]
• Desirable accessories during the mid-1990s included loafers, desert boots, chelsea boots, gold jewellery, boat shoes, chunky digital watches, solid colored ties, shoulder bags, and black/neon colored high-top sneakers replaced combat boots.^[26]

Modern preppy

• Preppy clothing was popular in the US,^[69] where wealthy young men wore khaki slacks, canvas^[70] boat shoes, and navy blue blazers with breast-pocket monogram or gold buttons bearing a family crest.^[70] In general, 1990s preppy was more casual than the almost dandified look of the 1980s as young men abandoned ascots and Oxford shoes in favor of Nantucket Reds, nautical-striped T-shirts, loafers, and madras cloth or gingham short-sleeved shirts.^[71]

Hip-Hop

• In Europe and North America, hip-hop fashion went mainstream in 1995, with oversized baseball jackets, baggy jeans, bomber jackets, Baja Jackets, and tracksuits popular among young men as casual wear.^[72] Simultaneously, industrial and military styles crept into mainstream fashion, with machinery pieces becoming accessories.^[18] Baseball caps started being worn forwards again.^[26]
• Southern hip hop provided a platform for Fashion designers and musical artists to collaborate forming an influential subculture of anti fashion and alternative fashion designs, especially the popular recycled clothing worn by Arrested Development and Goodie Mob.
• From 1995 onwards, men wore overalls, straight leg jeans, plaid pants,^[18] flat-front chinos, khaki pants,^[26] and camouflage pants worn ironically by anti-war protesters.^[18]

Late 1990s (1997-99)

Rave culture and streetwear

• By the late 1990s, the grunge look became unfashionable. The emergence of the rave subculture had sparked a revival of interest in more stylish clothes, with name brand designers such as Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren making a comeback.^[18] In Europe, jeans were more popular than ever before.^[58] Color started returning by 1997, with colors such as plum, charcoal, olive, and wine coming into.^[52] Colors continued to evolve from there until the return of bright colors by 1999,^[73] with shades such as "camillia rose", "blazing orange", "whisper pink", "hot coral", and a light-grayish blue called "wind chime" coming into style.^[53]
• Young men favored preppy brands like Old Navy and Abercrombie & Fitch. Sportswear such as casual jackets, T-shirts, sweaters, and tennis shoes became more acceptable to wear in public during the late 90s, even to the point of the clothes being considered fashionable. Other popular trends included hoodies, jean shorts,^[18] khaki cargo pants,^[58] baggy basketball shorts, chinos,^[58] tracksuits and black bomber jackets with orange linings. This continued into the 2000s (decade).
• Much of men's fashion in 1997 was inspired by the 1996 film Swingers,^[52] leading to the popularization of the "dressy casual" look. Such apparel included blazers or leather jackets, bowling shirts or long-sleeve button-downs in either a variety of prints or a solid color, and loose-fitting flat-front khaki chinos or dress pants. Around this time it became fashionable to leave shirts untucked.

Business wear

• In Europe, single-breasted three and four button notch lapel suits in grey or navy blue, together with leather jackets based on the same cut as blazers, began to replace the 1980s power suits. The wide neckties of the early 90s remained the norm, but the colors became darker and stripes and patterns were less common. Tweed cloth and houndstooth sportcoats went out of fashion due to their association with older men.^[74] Dress shoes (usually in black) included chelsea boots with rounded or square toes, wingtips, and monkstraps.^[52]
• In America, an increasing number of men began to dress smart-casual and business casual, a trend kickstarted by Bill Gates of Microsoft.^[75] At more formal events such as weddings or proms, men often wear boxy three^[76] or four button, single-breasted suits with a brightly colored tie and an often matching dress shirt. Another trend was to wear black shirts, black ties, and black suits.^[56] Black leather reefer jackets and trenchcoats were also fashionable in the late 1990s.^[77]

Youth fashion

General trends

• The dominant youth clothing fad at the beginning of the 1990s was fluorescent clothing in blue, green, orange, pink, and yellow. Hoop earrings were also a popular accessory for teenage girls and women in the first years of the 1990s. Plaid shirts were also popular. Popular colors for girls included coral, hot pink, bright lime green, and turquoise. In Britain and the US, girls wore oversized tee shirts, sweat shirts, sweaters, slouch socks worn over sweatpants or leggings, black or white lace trimmed bike shorts with babydoll dresses, belts worn with dresses, Dress shorts worn with tights and flats sometimes in a girls version of women's shorts suits complete with a suit jacket and sometimes worn with slouch socks over the tights and Keds, sweaters, and T-shirts, flats, Keds, Converse Chuck Taylor All-Stars, boat shoes, shortalls worn in summer with flats or Keds and a tee and in the winter with tights and a long sleeved tee, leotards worn as tops with jeans, colored jeans especially in medium and dark green, red, and purple, and athletic shorts especially soccer shorts. Boys wore soccer shorts, jean jackets, tartan shirts, tapered acid wash jeans, colored jeans in medium and dark green, red, and purple colors sweatpants, slouch socks worn with everything from shorts and rolled jeans and khakis to show the slouch socks to over sweatpants. For example, in the Southern Suburbs of Chicago during the late 1980s and early 1990s, Z Cavericci pants and IOU sweatshirts were worn by members of the middle/upper-middle class. Also Champion (sportswear) crew neck sweatshirts were popular to be worn over a turtleneck. Preppies and athletic students and everybody from young kids to teens, college students and adults alike loved sporting this combination.
• For much of the 1990s, particularly the middle years, teenage boys and girls bought and wore very basic clothes, such as overalls, flannel shirts, and backpacks. Popular stores selling these items included Gap and Urban Outfitters.^[25] In the late 1990s, American teenage girls imitated the look of British girl group All Saints, which consisted of baggy jeans, T-shirts, sweatshirts, tanktops, and trainers,^[78] as well as cargo pants, camouflage prints, and crop tops.^[79]
• For younger children, the mid-late 1990s was the Golden Age of Disney films with T-shirts and sweaters featuring characters like Simba, Mickey Mouse, Aladdin, and Winnie the Pooh. Tartan trousers, striped shirts, long sleeved polo shirts, Champion (sportswear) crew neck sweatshirts worn over a turtleneck, colored jeans in medium and dark green, red, and purple colors, athletic shorts especially soccer shorts, slouch socks and sweaters were worn by young boys and girls in the UK and the US. Blue denim and railroad stripe overalls and shortalls were also popular for females, as seen on television and commercials throughout the decade, and for teenagers, some who would leave either strap hanging loose. A common outfit for all girls, especially tweens and teens, was to wear a skirt or dress shorts with tights underneath and sometimes slouch socks, baby doll dress or short dress with black opaque tights, white slouch socks and Keds, boat shoes, or Converse shoes or an oversized tee, sweatshirt or sweater over leggings with slouch socks and Keds. The Bangs hairstyle and side or regular ponytails with scrunchies and headband were popular with girls of all ages and college girls.

Grunge

• The new wave and heavy metal fashion of the 1980s lasted until early 1992, when Grunge and hip hop fashion took over in popularity.^[80] By the mid-1990s the grunge style had gone mainstream in Britain and the US, resulting in a decline in bright colors from 1995 until the late 2000s (decade), and was dominated by tartan flannel shirts, stonewashed blue jeans, and dark colors like maroon, forest green, indigo, brown, white and black.
• Grunge fashion remained popular among the British skater subculture until the late 1990s as the hard-wearing, loose-fitting clothing was cheap and provided good protection.^[81] Members of the subculture were nicknamed grebos or moshers and included those who did not skate.

Hip-Hop

• The early 1990s saw widespread interest in hip hop and gangsta rap due to the influence of artists like MC Hammer, Tupac Shakur, Eazy E, Dr. Dre, N.W.A, Wu-Tang Clan, and Public Enemy. The sagging trend began in the early 1990s and continued until the 2010s. Wide leg jeans, Plaid, Khakis, Locs glasses, bomber jackets, tracksuits and baseball caps and snapback hats worn backwards became popular among hip hop fans together with gold chains, sovereign rings, and FUBU T-shirts.

Britpop

• In the mid-1990s, indie rock, Madchester, and Britpop bands like Blur, Stone Roses, and Oasis^[82] resulted in a revival of 1970s fashions, including Mod haircuts, aviator sunglasses, denim jackets, green parkas, harrington jackets, velvet sportcoats, striped shirts, Ben Sherman polo shirts, T-shirts bearing the RAF roundel,^[83] and Union Jack motifs like the dress worn by the Spice Girls' Geri Halliwell.^[84]

Psychobilly and punk

• Hardcore punk fashion, which began in the 1970s, was very popular in the 1990s,^[85] and Goth fashion reached its peak.^[86] Common items for pop punk and nu metal fans included spiky hair, black hoodies, and baggy pants in black or red Royal Stewart tartan.
• In the US, Psychobilly bands like Reverend Horton Heat and Rocket from the Crypt popularized brothel creepers, gas station shirts and dark-colored bowling shirts during the late 1990s.

Preppy

• The conservative preppy look of the 1980s remained popular among wealthy teenagers in the Northeastern US until the late 1990s, when many members of the subculture began adopting elements of hip hop fashion.^[87] Typical clothing for preppies of the 1990s included khaki chinos, navy blue blazers, Oxford shirts, brogues, Keds worn with leggings slouch socks and oversized sweatshirts, sweaters and tees, boat shoes, ballet flats, coach jackets, baseball jackets, and Champion crew neck sweatshirts worn over a turtleneck.^[88] Neat, well-groomed hairstyles were popular among college age girls, including the bangs, and side or regular ponytails worn with scrunchies and headbands.

1990s beauty trends

Hairstyles

Women's hairstyles

Women's hair in the early 1990s continued in the big, curly style of the 1980s.

The pixie cut and Rachel haircut, based on the hairstyles of Jennifer Aniston in Friends and Marlo Thomas in That Girl, were popular in America from 1995 onwards.^[89] Around the same time red hair also became a desirable color for women, as well as feathered bangs,^[26] and mini hair-buns.^[90] Ponytails and side ponytails worn with scrunchies were popular too. From 1995 onwards, dark-haired women tended to dye their hair a lighter color with blonde highlights (popularized by Jennifer Aniston) until about 2008.

In the late 1990s, the Bob cut was well-desired, popularized and rejuvenated by Victoria Beckham of the Spice Girls. This late 1990s-style bob cut featured a center, side, or zig-zag parting, as opposed to the thick bangs of the early 1990s. The Farrah Fawcett hairstyle made a comeback in 1997, with highlights going hand-in-hand with this revival.^[91] Other late '90s haircuts included "Felicity curls" (popularized by Keri Russell in the hit TV show Felicity, the Fishtail Half-Up, and pigtails,^[90] as well as the continuation of mid '90s hairdos.

Men's hairstyles

The 1990s generally saw the continued popularity of longer hair on men. In the early 1990s, curtained hair and small ponytails were popular among yuppies. Other trends included Flattops, Hi-top fades, and cornrows.^[92]

In the mid 1990s, men's hairstyle trends went in several different directions. Younger men who were more amenable had adopted the Caesar cut,^[93] either natural or dyed. This style was popularized by George Clooney^[94] on the hit TV show ER in season two, which premiered in mid 1995. More rebellious young men went for longer, unkempt "grunge" hair,^[92] often with a center parting. The curtained hairstyle was at its peak in popularity, and sideburns went out of style.^[95] Meanwhile, most professional men over 30 had conservative 1950s style bouffant haircuts or the Caesar cut.^[92]

By 1997, it was considered unstylish and unattractive for men and boys to have longer hair (with the exception of celebrities like Johnny Depp and Brad Pitt around 1999), and as a result short hair completely took over. From 1997 onwards, aside from curtained hair (which was popular throughout the decade), spiky hair,^[92] bleached hair,^[92] crew cuts, and variants of the quiff became popular among younger men. Dark haired men dyed their spikes blonde or added wavy blonde streaks, a trend which continued into the early 2000s (decade). For African-American men, the cornrows (popularized by former NBA player Allen Iverson) and buzz cut were a popular trend that continued into the early 2000s (decade).

Children's and teenager's hairstyles

For teenage boys longer hair was popular in the early to mid-1990s, including collar-length curtained hair, shaggy surfer hair popular among some Britpop fans, and dreadlocks. During the mid-1990s, the much-ridiculed bowl cut became a fad among skaters, while hip-hop fans wore a variant of the flattop known as the Hi-top fade. In the late 1990s, hair was usually buzzed very short for an athletic look, although a few grunge fans grew their hair long in reaction to this.

For teenage girls and younger children, hair was worn long with heavily teased bangs called "mall bangs" which were long fringes covering the forehead. Headbands and scrunchies of various styles and colors were popular with girls throughout the early and mid 1990s, and they frequently wore them with side ponytails and bangs.

Makeup and cosmetic trends

Women's makeup in the early 1990s primarily consisted of dark red lipstick and neutral eyes.^[97] Around 1992 the "grunge look" came in to style among younger women and the look was based on dark red lipstick and smudged eyeliner and eyeshadow. Both styles of makeup continued into 1994,^[98] but went out of style the next year.

The trends in makeup shifted in the mid 1990s. In 1995, nude shades became desirable and women had a broader color palette in brown. Another makeup trend that emerged was matte lipsticks, with deep shades of red and dark wine colors worn as part of night makeup.^[99] Blue-frosted eye shadow became fashionable,^[26] and was eventually integrated into the Y2K makeup of the late '90s/early '00s. Gothic makeup had broken into the mainstream, having been made up of vamp lipstick (or even black lipstick), heavy mascara and eyeliner, often purple-tinted eye shadow (or else very dark blue), and extremely pale foundation. The Gothic makeup remained relevant in the later years of the decade.

By 1997, glittery, sparkling makeup had come into style.^[100] This was called "Y2K makeup", consisting of facial glitter and lip gloss. Blue-frosted eye shadow remained a staple of late 1990s makeup, although silver was ideal look. Dark eyeliner was considered bodacious. Pale, shiny lips became desirable, as lip gloss largely replaced lipstick.^[97] An alternative for those who did not like metallics were purples and browns.^[100] Goth makeup and Y2K makeup continued into the early 2000s (decade).

Gallery

A selection of images related to the period.

• 

  Converse All Stars, popular in the early 1990s

• 

  Grunge clothing, popular from 1992–1996. (Kurt Cobain, 1992)

• 

  The catsuit became a trend in the late 1990s. Normally made of latex, PVC, or spandex, it was often worn with high-heeled boots.

• 

  Dancers at America's Snoqualmie Moondance Festival in 1992

• 

  The German electronic rock duo Das Ich, 1993. Their aspect shows the influence of the Goth look which returned in the 1990s.

• 

  African-American teenager with Hitop fade, popular in the early 1990s.

• 

  Crop tops, popular from 1994–2003.

• 

  Slap bracelet worn by young girls in the early-1990s

• 

  Baseball jacket was popular among hip-hop fans in the mid-1990s

• 

  Dutch high school prom, 1994

• 

  US First Lady Hillary Clinton wearing straw panama hat, 1995

• 

  Bomber jacket with orange lining, popular from the mid-late 1990s

• 

  Lois McMaster Bujold with Pixie cut and denim western shirt, 1996

• 

  Women's side gusset shoes popular during the mid and late 1990s among preppy and hip-hop subculture.

• 

  Go-go boots became fashionable again in 1995. They were worn by women of the hip-hop and preppy subcultures.

• 

  Block-heeled shoes, popular from 1995 until 2001.

• 

  Woman with Rachel haircut, late 1990s.

• 

  Women's hair was straight and usually styled with a short fringe cut, known as a hime cut. In Europe, long dresses were popular for day and evening wear.

• 

  Double breasted power suit with large shoulder pads worn in the European workplace, 1998

• 

  Two women wearing bandanas, 1999.

See also

• 2000s in fashion
• 1980s in fashion

References

Timeline and History of Clothing and Fashion Periods Ancient Egyptian Biblical Greek Roman Han Chinese Indian Middle Ages Anglo-Saxon Byzantine English Europe 400s–1000s 1100s 1200s 1300s 1400s 1500s–1820s 1500–1550 1550–1600 1600–1650 1650–1700 1700–1750 1750–1775 1775–1795 1795–1820 1820s 1830s–1910s Victorian 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s–present 1920s 1930–1945 1945–1959 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

Historical clothing Periods Ancient Egyptian Biblical Greek Roman Han Chinese Indian Middle Ages Anglo-Saxon Byzantine English Europe 400s–1000s 1100s 1200s 1300s 1400s Ottoman 1500s–1820s Western fashion 1500–1550 1550–1600 1600–1650 1650–1700 1700–1750 1750–1775 1775–1795 1795–1820 1820s 1830s–1910s Western fashion Victorian 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s–1980s Western fashion 1920s 1930–1945 1945–1959 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990–present 1990s 2000s 2010s Body-length Banyan Brunswick Chiton Frock Peplos Stola Toga Tunic Tops Basque Bedgown Bodice Court dress (Empire of Japan) Doublet Peascod belly Poet shirt Trousers Braccae Breeches Culottes Harem pants Knickerbockers Pedal pushers Skirts Ballerina skirt Harem skirt Hobble skirt Poodle skirt Train Dresses Close-bodied gown Débutante dress Gown Kirtle Polonaise Sack-back gown Sailor dress Tea gown Outerwear Caraco Chlamys Cloak Dolman Doublet Duster Exomis Frock coat Greatcoat Himation Houppelande Inverness cape Jerkin Justacorps Kandys Palla Pelisse Redingote Smock-frock Ulster coat Visite Witzchoura Underwear Basque Bustle Chausses Chemise Codpiece Corselet Corset Waist cincher Dickey Garter Hoop skirt Crinoline Farthingale Pannier Hose Liberty bodice Loincloth Open drawers Pantalettes Petticoat Peignoir Pettipants Union suit Yếm Headwear Albanian Apex Arakhchin Attifet Aviator Bergère Blessed hat Bonnet Capotain Cavalier Coif Coonskin Cornette Crown Dunce Fillet Fontange Hennin Jeongjagwan Jewish Kausia Kokoshnik Llawt'u Matron's badge Miner's Ming Mob Modius Monmouth Mooskappe Motoring hood Mounteere Nemes Nightcap Nón quai thao Ochipok Pahlavi Petasos Phrygian Pileus Printer's Pudding Qing Snood Tainia Taranga Wimple Footwear Buskins Caligae Chopines Crakow Episcopal sandals Hessians Pampooties Sabatons Accessories Ascot tie Belt hook Cointoise Cravat Hairpin Hatpin Muff Ruff Shoe buckle See also Timeline of clothing Clothing terminology Costume Dress code Fashion Formal wear Sumptuary law