1979 in paleontology

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Paleontology, palaeontology or [palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1979.

Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries

While volunteering for field work on a team led by Philip Currie, Darren Tanke learned about the lost "Eoceratops" first excavated by William Edmund Cutler. Tanke would later rediscover the specimen in London's Natural History Museum.^[2]

Scientific advances

Vertebrate paleozoology

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[3]


Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images	Maiasaura Nanshiungosaurus Piatnitzkysaurus Segnosaurus Torvosaurus
Dravidosaurus^[4]	Valid taxon	Yadagiri	Ayyasami	Coniacian	Trichinopoly Group	India	Either a stegosaur or a plesiosaur.
"Gadolosaurus"^[5]	Nomen nudum.	Saito
Gilmoreosaurus^[6]	Valid taxon	Michael K. Brett-Surman		late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Iren Dabasu Formation	China	A hadrosauroid.
Gravitholus^[7]	Junior synonym of Stegoceras.	Wall	Peter Galton	Judithian	Dinosaur Park Formation	Canada	A pachycephalosaur.
Maiasaura^[8]	Valid taxon	Jack Horner	Makela	Judithian	Upper Two Medicine Formation	United States	The announcement of Maiasaura attracted renewed scientific interest to the Two Medicine Formation and many new kinds of dinosaurs have been discovered as a result of the increased research.^[9]
Majungatholus^[10]	Junior synonym of Majungasaurus.	Hans-Dieter Sues	Philippe Taquet	Maastrichtian	Maevarano Formation	Madagascar	Formerly considered a pachycephalosaur, actually an abelisaurid.
Microhadrosaurus^[11]	Nomen dubium.	Dong Zhiming		Campanian	Yuanpu Formation	China	A hadrosaurid.
Mussaurus^[12]	Valid taxon	Jose Bonaparte	Vince	Norian	Laguna Colorada Formation	Argentina	An anchisaurian more closely related to sauropods.
Nanshiungosaurus^[13]	Valid taxon	Dong Zhiming		Campanian	Yuanpu Formation	China	A therizinosaur.
Patagosaurus^[14]	Valid taxon	Jose Bonaparte		Callovian	Canadon Asfalto Formation	Argentina	A sauropod.
Piatnitzkysaurus^[14]	Valid taxon	Jose Bonaparte		Callovian	Canadon Asfalto Formation	Argentina	A piatnitzkysaurid.
Secernosaurus^[15]	Valid taxon	Michael K. Brett-Surman		late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Upper Bajo Barreal Formation Los Alamitos Formation	Argentina	A saurolophine hadrosaurid.
Segnosaurus^[16]	Valid taxon	Altangerel Perle		Cenomanian-Turonian	Bayan Shireh Formation	Mongolia	A therizinosaur.
Torvosaurus^[17]	Valid taxon	Peter Galton	Jim Jenson	late Kimmeridgian-Tithonian	Morrison Formation	United States	A megalosaurid.
Unquillosaurus^[18]	Valid taxon	Jaime Eduardo Powell		Campanian	Los Blanquitos Formation	Argentina	A paravian.
Volkheimeria^[14]	Valid taxon	Jose Bonaparte		Callovian	Canadon Asfalto Formation	Argentina	A sauropod.
Yandusaurus^[19]	Valid taxon	He		Oxfordian	Shangshaximiao Formation	China	An ornithopod.

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Amplibuteo hibbardi ^[20]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Anas albae ^[21]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Late Pliocene	MN 15-16-17	Hungary	An Anatidae.
Anas amotape ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	An Anatidae.
Anas sanctaehelenae ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Early Pleistocene; Late Pleistocene	La Carolina	Ecuador	An Anatidae.
Anas talarae ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Early Pleistocene; Late Pleistocene	Argentina: Centinale del Mar; Talara Tar Seeps	Argentina; Peru	An Anatidae, transferred to the genus Callonetta Delacour, 1936 by Agnolin, 2006.^[22]
Ardea bennuides ^[23]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Ella Hoch	Subrecent	5000 YBP (Years Before Present)	Abu Dhabi	A giant Ardeidae, not formally described but a photo is published which keeps it from being a Nomen Nudum.
Argillipes magnus ^[24]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Early Middle Oligocene	MP 21-23	UK: England	Described in the Catharthidae, transferred to Aves Incertae Sedis.
Barawertornis tedfordi ^[25]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Patricia Vickers Rich	Late Oligocene/Early Miocene	Carl Creek Limestone	Australia: Queensland	A Dromornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Belonopterus edmundi ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Charadriidae.
Bubo longaevus ^[26]	Sp. nov.	Valid	A. S. Umanskaya	Late Miocene	MN 11-13	USSR: Ukraine	A Strigidae, transferred to the genus Asio Brisson, 1760 by Mlíkovský, 1998.^[27]
Bullockornis planei ^[25]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Patricia Vickers Rich	Middle-Late Miocene	Camfield Beds	Australia: Northern Territory	A Dromornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Caprimulgus piurensis ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Caprimulgidae-nightjar.
Cayaoa bruneti ^[28]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Eduardo P. Tonni	Late Oligocene-Miocene		Argentina	An Anatidae.
Corvus simionescui ^[29]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Early Pliocene	MN 15	Romania	A Corvidae, possibly a synonym of Corvus corone Linnaeus, 1758.
Cuculus csarnotanus ^[21]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Early Pliocene	MN 15	Hungary	A Cuculidae.
Dege hendeyi ^[30]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	George G. Simpson	Late Miocene-Early Pliocene	Varswater Formation	South Africa	A Spheniscidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Dromornis stirtoni ^[25]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Patricia Vickers Rich	Late Miocene-Early Pliocene	Alcoota Homestead	Australia: Northern Territory	A Dromornithidae.
Eudocimus peruvianus ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Threskiornithidae.
Gallinago veterior ^[21]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Early Pliocene	MN 15	Hungary	A Scolopacidae.
Geronogyps reliquus ^[20]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Cathartidae.
Glareola neogena ^[31]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Peter Ballmann	Middle Miocene	MN 6	Germany: Bavaria	An Glareolidae.
Gymnogyps howardae ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Cathartidae.
Ilbandornis? lawsoni ^[25]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Patricia Vickers Rich	Late Miocene-Early Pliocene	Alcoota Homestead	Australia: Northern Territory	A Dromornithidae, not certainly an Ilbandornis Rich, 1979.
Ilbandornis woodburnei ^[25]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Patricia Vickers Rich	Late Miocene-Early Pliocene	Alcoota Homestead	Australia: Northern Territory	A Dromornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Latipons gardneri ^[32]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Middle Eocene	MP 11-13	UK: England	A Rallidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Latipons robinsoni ^[32]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Middle Eocene	MP 11-13	UK: England	A Rallidae.
Litoripes medius ^[32]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Middle Eocene	MP 11-13	UK: England	Described in the Phasianidae, but transferred by Mlíkovský, 2002.^[33] to Aves Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.
Micropalama chapmani ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Scolopacidae.
Milvago brodkorbi ^[20]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Falconidae.
Milvoides kempi ^[32]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Middle Eocene	MP 11-13	UK: England	Described as an Accipitridae,known omly from a damaged distal end of a right tarsometatarsus, making it not possible to identify it, better treated as Aves Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.
Mioglareola gregaria ^[31]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Peter Ballmann	Early Miocene Czech Republic; Middle Miocene Germany	MN 4b; MN 6	Czech Republic; Germany: Bavaria	An Glareolidae, it is the type species of the new genus.
Miootis compactus ^[34]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	A. S. Umanskaya	Late Miocene	MN 13	USSR: Ukraine	An Otididae, it is the type species of the new genus.
Miraquila terrestris ^[20]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	An Accipitridae, transferred to the genus Buteogallus Lesson, 1830 by Suárez et Olson, 2009,^[35] this is the type species of the new genus.
Nannonetta invisitata ^[20]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Nucleornis insolitus ^[36]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	George G. Simpson	Miocene	Duinefontein	South Africa	A Spheniscidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Nuntius solitarius ^[20]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Scolopacidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Oligocathartes olsoni ^[24]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Early Middle Oligocene	MP 21-23	UK: England	Described in the Catharthidae, but the holotype is too fragmentary for identification so best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis.
Palaeopapia hamsteadiensis ^[24]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Early Middle Oligocene	MP 21-23	UK: England	An Anseriformes Incertae Sedis.
Paracathartes howardae ^[37]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison	Early Eocene	Greybullian, Middle Wasatchian, Willwood Formation	USA: Wyoming	Described as a Cathartidae, Houde 1988 placed it in the Lithornithiformes, Houde, 1988, Lithornithidae Houde, 1988,^[38] it is the type species of the new genus.
Paracygnopterus scotti ^[24]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid ?	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Early Middle Oligocene	MP 21-23	UK: England	An Anatidae, it is the type species of the new genus.
Parvirallus gracilis ^[32]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Middle Eocene	MP 11-13	UK: England	A Rallidae.
Percolinus proudlocki ^[32]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Middle Eocene	MP 11-13	UK: England	Described as a Phasianidae, transferred to the genus Talantatos Reichenbach, 1852 and placed in the Cariamidae door Mlíkovský, 2002.^[33]
Phalacrocorax tanzaniae ^[39]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Early-Middle Pleistocene	Kamasian	Tanzania	A Phalacrocoracidae.
Porzana estramosi ^[21]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Middle Miocene	MN 6-8	Hungary	A Rallidae.
Proanser major ^[34]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	A. S. Umanskaya	Late Miocene	MN 11	Ukraine	An Anatidae, it is the type species of the new genus.
Proardeola walkeri ^[40]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison	Early Miocene	MN 2a	France	An Ardeidae, it is the type species of the new genus.
Proceriavis martini ^[24]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid ?	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Early Middle Oligocene	MP 21-23	UK: England	Described as an Eleutherornithidae, based on a fragment of a cervical vertebra, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis, it is the type species of the new genus.
Sarcoramphus? fisheri ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Cathartidae, not certain to be a Sarcoramphus Duméril, 1806.
Scolopax baranensis ^[21]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Early Pliocene	MN 15	Hungary	A Scolopacidae.
Steganopus graui ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Phalaropodidae.
Syrigma sanctimartini ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	An Ardeidae.
Theristicus wetmorei ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Threskiornithidae.
Thinocorus koepckeae ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Thinocoridae.
Tringa ameghini ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Scolopacidae.
Turdoides borealis ^[21]	Sp. nov.	Valid ?	Dénes Jánossy	Early Pliocene	MN 15	Hungary	The holotype is a heavely eroded proximal part of a left humerus, best placed in Passeriformes Incertae Sedis.
Valenticarbo praetermissus ^[41]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid ?	Colin J. O. Harrison	Late Pliocene	Siwalik complex	India	A Phalacrocoracidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Viator picis ^[20]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	Talara Tar Seeps	Peru	A Charadriidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Dravidosaurus	Valid	Yadagiri Ayyasami
	Valid

Name	Status	Authors	Discovery year	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
'	Valid
'	Valid

People

Awards and recognition

References

↑ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
↑ D. H. Tanke. 2010. Lost in plain sight: rediscovery of William E. Cutler's missing Eoceratops. In M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, D. A. Eberth (eds.), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 541-550.
↑ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
↑ Yadagiri, P. and K. Ayyasami. 1979. A new Stegosaurian dinosaur from Upper Cretaceous sediments of South India. J. Geol. Soc. India 20 (2): pp. 521-530.
↑ Saito, T. 1979. Wonder of the World's Dinosaurs. Kodansha Publishers, Tokyo (Plate 71).
↑ Brett-Surman, M.K. 1979. Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. Nature 277: pp. 560-562.
↑ Wall, W P. and P.M. Galton. 1979. Notes on pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs (Reptilla: Ornithischia) from North America, with comments on their status as ornithopods. Can. J. Earth Sci. 16: pp. 1176-1186.
↑ Horner, J.R.; Makela, R. (1979). "Nest of juveniles provides evidence of family structure among dinosaurs". Nature 282: 296–298. doi:10.1038/282296a0.
↑ Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.
↑ Sues, H.-D.; Taquet, P. (1979). "A pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from Madagascar and a Laurasia-Gondwanaland connection in the Cretaceous". Nature 279: 633–635. doi:10.1038/279633a0.
↑ Dong, Z. 1979. Cretaceous Dinosaurs of Hunan, in Mesozoic-Cenozoic Redbeds of Hunan. Palaeontologica Sinica: pp.346-347.
↑ Bonaparte J.F. and M. Vince. 1979. El hallazgo del primer nido de dinosaurios triasicos, (Saurischia, Prosauropoda), Triásico superior de Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina 16 (1-2): pp. 173-182.
↑ Dong, Z. 1979. The Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China. In: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds in Southern China. Inst. Vert. Paleontol. Paleoanthropol. Nanjing Geol. Paleontol. Inst. Sci.. Press, Beijing: pp.342-350.
1 2 3 Bonaparte, J.F. (1979). "Dinosaurs: A Jurassic assembalge from Patagonia". Science 205: 1377–1379. doi:10.1126/science.205.4413.1377. PMID 17732331.
↑ Brett-Surman, M. K. 1979. Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. Nature 277: pp. 560-562.
↑ Perle A. 1979. Segnosauridae - A new family of theropods from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Sovm. Soviet-Mongolean Paleontol. Eksped. Trudy 8: pp. 45-55.
↑ Galton, P.M. and J.A. Jensen. 1979. A new large theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. Brigham Young University Geology Studies. 26 (2): pp. 1-12.
↑ Powell, J.E. 1979. Sobre una asociacion de dinosaurios y otras evidencias de vertebrados del Cretacico superior de la region de La Candelaria, Prov. de Salta, Argentina. Ameghiniana 16: pp. 191-204.
↑ He X. 1979. A newly discovered ornithopod dinosaur Yandusaurus from Zigong. Sichuan. In: Contribution to International Exchange of Geology. Part 2. Stratigraphy and paleontology. Geol. publishing House, Beijing: pp. 116-123.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr. (1979). "The Non-Passerine Pleistocene Avifauna of the Talara Tar Seeps, Northwestern Peru" (PDF). Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contribution 118: 1–203. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.52133.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Dénes Jánossy (1979). "Plio-Pleistocene Bird Remains from the Carpathian Basin. IV. Anseriformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Passeriformes" (PDF). Aquila 85: 11–39.
↑ Federico L. Agnolin (2006). "Dos Nuevos Anatidae (Aves, Anseriformes) del Pleistoceno Inferior-medio de Argentina". Stvdia Geologica Salmanticensia 42: 81–95.
↑ Ella Hoch (1979). "Reflections on prehistoric life at Umm an-Nar (Trucial Oman) based on faunal remains from the third millennium". in M. Taddei (ed.) South Asian Archaeology 1977, vol. I and II. Naples: 589–638.
1 2 3 4 5 Colin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1979). "Birds of the British Lower Oligocene". Tertiary Research Special Papers 5: 29–43.
1 2 3 4 5 Patricia Vickers Rich (1979). "The Dromornithidae: An Extinct Family of Large Ground Birds Endemic to Australia" (PDF). Department of National Development Bureau of National Resources, Geology and Geophysics Bulletin 184: 1–196.
↑ A. S. Umanskaya (1979). "Novyj vid filina (Bubo longaevus) iz pozdneneogenovych otloženij severnogo Pričernomor'ja USSR [New species of a horned owl (Bubo longaevus) from the late Neogene deposits of northern Pričernomor'e in the Ukrainian SSR.]". Dopovidi Akademiji Nauk Ukrajins'koji RSR (B) 1979: 779–782.
↑ Jíří Mlíkovský (1998). "Two New Owls (Aves: Strigidae) from the Early Miocene of the Czech Republic, with Comments on the Fossil History of the Subfamily Striginae" (PDF). Buteo 10: 5–21.
↑ Eduardo P. Tonni (1979). "Un Nuevo Anseriforme de Sedimentos Marinos Terciarios de Chubut, Argentina" (PDF). Hornero 12 (1): 11–15.
↑ Jenö Kessler (1979). "Noi Date Paleornitologice din Pliocenul României". Nymphaea, Folia Naturae Bihariae 7: 135–138.
↑ George G. Simpson (1979). "A New Genus of Late Tertiary Penguin from Langebaanweg, South Africa". Annals of the South African Museum 78 (1): 1–9.
1 2 Peter Ballmann (1979). "Fossile Glareolidae aus dem Miozän des Nördlinger Ries (Southern Germany) (Aves: Charadriifores)" (PDF). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 30: 52–101.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Colin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1979). "Birds of the British Middle Eocene". Tertiary Research Special Papers 50: 19–26.
1 2 Jíří Mlíkovský (2002). "Cenozoic Birds of the World Part 1: Europe" (PDF). Praha Ninox Press 13: 1–407.
1 2 A. S. Umanskaya (1979). "Miotsenovyye Ptitsy Zapadnogo Prichernomor'ya USSR. Soobshcheniye I. [The Miocene Birds from the Western Black Sea Littoral of the UkrSSR. Communication I.]". Vestnik Zoologii, Nauchnyy Zhurnal Instituta Zoologii Imeni I. I. Shmal'gauzena Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR 13: 40–45.
↑ William Suárez Duque & Storrs L. Olson (2009). "The Generic Position of Miraquila terrestris Campbell: Another Addition to the Buteogalline Radiation from the Pleistocene of Peru". Journal of Raptor Research 43 (3): 249–253. doi:10.3356/jrr-08-85.1.
↑ George G. Simpson (1979). "Tertiary Penguins from the Duinefontein Site, Cape Province, South Africa" (PDF). Annals of the South African Museum 79 (1): 1–7.
↑ Colin J. O. Harrison (1979). "A New Cathartid Vulture from the Lower Eocene of Wyoming". Tertiary Research Special Papers 5: 7–10.
↑ Peter W. Houde (1988). "Paleognathous Birds from the Early Tertiary of the Northern Hemisphere". Publication of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 22: 1–148.
↑ Colin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1979). "A Recent and an Extinct Cormorant Species from the Middle Pleistocene of Tanzania". Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology 50: 182–183. doi:10.1080/00306525.1979.9634108.
↑ Colin J. O. Harrison (1979). "The Herons (Ardeidae) of the Old World Lower Tertiary". Tertiary Research Special Papers 5: 11–17.
↑ Colin J. O. Harrison (1979). "The Pliocene Siwalik Cormorant". Tertiary Research 2 (2): 57–58.

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