1962 FIFA World Cup
| Campeonato Mundial de Fútbol - Copa Jules Rimet Chile 1962 | |
|---|---|
|
1962 FIFA World Cup official logo | |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | Chile |
| Dates | 30 May – 17 June (19 days) |
| Teams | 16 (from 3 confederations) |
| Venue(s) | 4 (in 4 host cities) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions |
.svg.png){kind=small} Brazil (2nd title) |
| Runners-up |
 Czechoslovakia |
| Third place |
 Chile |
| Fourth place |
 Yugoslavia |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 32 |
| Goals scored | 89 (2.78 per match) |
| Attendance | 893,172 (27,912 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) |
 Flórián Albert Garrincha.svg.png){kind=small} Valentin Ivanov Dražan Jerković Leonel Sánchez Vavá(4 goals) |
| Best young player |
.svg.png){kind=small} Flórián Albert |
The 1962 FIFA World Cup was the 7th FIFA World Cup. It was held from 30 May to 17 June 1962 in Chile. Teams representing 57 national football associations from all six populated continents entered the competition, with its qualification process beginning in August 1960. Fourteen teams qualified from this process, along with host nation Chile and defending champion Brazil, for the finals tournament.
The tournament was won by champions Brazil, who claimed their second World Cup title by defeating Czechoslovakia 3–1 in the final, becoming the second team, after Italy in 1938, to successfully defend the world title. Hosts Chile beat Yugoslavia 1–0 to finish third. The 1962 FIFA World Cup was the first World Cup that used goal average as a means of separating teams with the same amount of points.
This atmosphere culminated in the infamous first-round match between host Chile and Italy (2–0), known as the Battle of Santiago, plus a number of other violent matches that were played throughout this tournament. The average goals per match dropped to 2.78, under 3 for the first time in the history of the competition (the average has never been above 3 since).
Host selection
After Europe hosted two consecutive World Cups, the American federations claimed the 1962 edition must be held in South America or face a complete boycott of the tournament, similar to 1938.[1] Argentina, after previously failed candidacies, was the favorite. Magallanes' chairman, Ernesto Alvear, attended a FIFA Congress held in Helsinki while the Finnish city was hosting the 1952 Summer Olympics. He considered that Chile was able to organise the World Cup. Several sources also say that FIFA did not want Argentina to run alone, requesting the participation of Chile as almost symbolic. Chile registered its candidacy in 1954 alongside Argentina and West Germany, the latter withdrawing at the request of FIFA.[1]
Chile's football federation committee, led by Carlos Dittborn and Juan Pinto Durán, toured many countries convincing various football associations about the country's ability to organise the tournament in comparison to Argentina's superior sports infrastructure and prestige. The FIFA Congress met in Lisbon, Portugal on 10 June 1956. That day, Raul Colombo, representing Argentina's candidacy, ended his speech with the phrase "We can start the World Cup tomorrow. We have it all." The next day, Dittborn presented four arguments that supported Chile's candidacy: Chile's continued participations at FIFA-organised conferences and tournaments, sports climate, tolerance of race and creed and political and institutional stability of the country. In addition, Dittborn invoked Article 2 of the FIFA statutes that addressed the tournament's role in promoting the sport in countries deemed "underdeveloped". Chile won 32 votes to Argentina's 11. Thirteen members abstained from voting.[2]
Qualification
57 teams entered the 1962 World Cup (due to rejected entries and withdrawals, 52 teams eventually participated in the qualifying stages). Chile as host nation and Brazil as reigning World Cup champions were granted automatic qualification, with the remaining 14 finals places divided among the continental confederations.
Eight places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe) and three by CONMEBOL teams (South America). CAF teams (Africa), AFC teams (Asia), NAFC teams (North America), and CCCF teams (Central America and Caribbean) contested three play-offs slots. The three winners would then face a European or South American team for entry into the World Cup. The 1962 tournament was the last one for which only nations from Europe or the Americas qualified.
Two teams qualified for the first time: Colombia and Bulgaria. Colombia did not qualify for another World Cup until 1990.
Among the teams who failed to qualify were Sweden and France. Austria withdrew during the qualification tournament.
Venues
Originally, eight stadiums were selected to host the World Cup matches in eight different cities: Santiago, Viña del Mar, Rancagua, Arica, Talca, Concepción, Talcahuano and Valdivia.
The Valdivia earthquake, the most powerful earthquake ever recorded, occurred on 22 May 1960. With over 50,000 casualties and more than 2 million people affected, the earthquake forced the organising committee to completely modify the World Cup's calendar. Talca, Concepción, Talcahuano and Valdivia were severely damaged and discarded as venues. Antofagasta and Valparaíso declined to host any matches as their venues were not financially self-sustainable. Viña del Mar and Arica managed to rebuild their stadiums while Braden Copper Company, then an American company that controlled the El Teniente copper mine, allowed the use of its stadium in Rancagua. The most used stadium was the Estadio Nacional in Santiago, with 10 matches; the Estadio Sausalito in Viña del Mar hosted 8 matches, and the stadiums in Rancagua and far-away Arica (the only location that was not close to the other cities) both hosted 7 matches.
|
1962 FIFA World Cup (Chile) |
Santiago | Viña del Mar |
|---|---|---|
| Estadio Nacional | Estadio Sausalito | |
| 33°27′52″S 70°36′38″W / 33.46444°S 70.61056°W | 33°00′51.83″S 71°32′6.84″W / 33.0143972°S 71.5352333°W | |
| Capacity: 66,660 | Capacity: 18,037 | |
 |
 | |
| Rancagua | Arica | |
| Estadio Braden Copper Co. | Estadio Carlos Dittborn | |
| 34°10′39.95″S 70°44′15.79″W / 34.1777639°S 70.7377194°W | 18°29′15.47″S 70°17′56.96″W / 18.4876306°S 70.2991556°W | |
| Capacity: 18,000 | Capacity: 17,786 | |
 |
Accommodation
| Team | Site | City | Team | Site | City | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina |
Hostería El Sauzal | Rancagua |  Italy |
Escuela de Aviación Cap. Ávalos | Santiago | |
| Brazil |
Villa Retiro | Quilpué | .svg.png){kind=small} Mexico |
Hotel O'Higgins | Viña del Mar | |
.svg.png){kind=small} Bulgaria |
Parque Municipal | Machalí | .svg.png){kind=small} Spain |
Hotel Miramar Caleta Abarca | Viña del Mar | |
| Chile |
Villa del Seleccionado | Santiago |  Switzerland |
Club Suizo | Santiago | |
 Colombia |
Hotel El Morro | Arica |  Uruguay |
Hotel Azapa | Arica | |
| Czechoslovakia |
Posada Quebrada Verde | Valparaíso | Soviet Union |
Hostería Arica | Arica | |
 England |
Staff House Braden Copper Co. | Coya |  West Germany |
Escuela Militar Bernardo O'Higgins | Santiago | |
| Hungary |
Hotel Turismo | Rengo | Yugoslavia |
Hotel El Paso | Arica |
Squads
Squads for the 1962 World Cup consisted of 22 players, as for the previous tournament in 1958. Ferenc Puskás, José Santamaría and José Altafini became three of four players ever to play for two different national teams. In light of this, FIFA created stipulations describing that once a player represents a nation during a World Cup or its qualifying rounds the player cannot switch to another national team.
Match officials
Eighteen match officials from 17 countries were assigned to the tournament to serve as referees and assistant referees.
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.svg.png){kind=small}
Seeding
| Pot 1: South America | Pot 2: Europe I | Pot 3: Europe II | Pot 4: Rest of the World |
|---|---|---|---|
Format
The format of the competition was similar to that of the 1958 competition: 16 teams qualified, divided into four groups of four. Four teams were seeded in the draw taking place in Santiago de Chile, on 18 January 1962: Brazil, England, Italy and Uruguay.[3] The top two teams in each group advanced to the quarter-finals.
Two points were awarded for a win and one for a draw. In a change from the 1958 format, goal average was used to separate any teams equal on points.[4] (In 1958, goal average was available, but was only between teams level on points in first place, or if a playoff between teams equal in second place failed to yield a result after extra time). Argentina became the first (and only) team in World Cup history to be eliminated on goal average when England advanced from Group 4 in second place.
In the knockout games, if the teams were level after ninety minutes, thirty minutes of extra time were played. For any match other than the final, if the teams were still even after extra time then lots would be drawn to determine the winner. The final would have been replayed if even after extra time. In the event, no replays or drawing of lots was necessary.
Summary
In May 1960, as the preparations were well under way, Chile suffered the largest earthquake ever recorded (9.5 magnitude), which caused enormous damage to the national infrastructure. In the face of this, Carlos Dittborn, the president of the Organization Committee, coined the phrase "Because we don't have anything, we will do everything in our power to rebuild".[5] Stadia and other infrastructure were rebuilt at record speed and the tournament occurred on schedule with no major organisational flaw. Dittborn did not live to see the success of his efforts, as he died one month before the start of the tournament. The World Cup venue at Arica was named Estadio Carlos Dittborn in his honour and bears his name to this day.
As the competition began, a shift in strategy was imminent. Defensive strategies began to take hold as the average goals per match dropped to 2.78, under 3 for the first time in competition history (the average has never been above 3 since).[6]
Pelé was injured in the second group match against Czechoslovakia. The USSR's goalkeeper Lev Yashin, arguably the world's best at the time, was in poor form and his team went out to Chile (1–2) in the quarter-finals. Bright spots included the emergence of the young Brazilians Amarildo (standing in for Pelé) and Garrincha, the heroics of Czechoslovakia goalkeeper Viliam Schrojf against Hungary and Yugoslavia, and the performance of the host nation Chile, who took third place with a squad of relatively unknown players.
The competition was marred by violence. This poisonous atmosphere culminated in the infamous first-round match between host Chile and Italy (2–0), known as the Battle of Santiago. Two Italian journalists had written unflattering articles about the host country. Although only two players (both of them Italian) were sent off by the English referee Ken Aston, the match saw repeated attempts from players on both sides to harm opponents, and the Italian team needed police protection to leave the field in safety.[7]
In the first round, Brazil topped their group with Czechoslovakia finishing second, above Mexico and Spain. USSR and Yugoslavia finished above Uruguay and Colombia. Hungary, along with England progressed to the quarter-finals, while Argentina and Bulgaria were eliminated. England had the same number of points as Argentina but progressed due to a superior goal average; the first time such a requirement had been necessary in a World Cup finals tournament. Switzerland lost all three games while West Germany and Chile both went through over Italy.
Chile defeated European champions USSR to earn a semi-final game against the winner of the England – Brazil game. Garrincha scored two goals in a 3–1 win against England. Meanwhile, 1–0 wins for Yugoslavia against West Germany – and another 1–0 win of Czechoslovakia against neighbours Hungary – saw the two Slavic states meet in the semi-finals.
Viña del Mar was the original venue for the South American semi-final and Santiago for the Slavic one, but due to Chile's surprise qualification, the organisers prompted FIFA to switch the venues. This irritated crowds in Viña del Mar and only a little under 6,000 spectators came to Estadio Sausalito to watch Czechoslovakia beat Yugoslavia 3–1, whereas a capacity crowd of 76,600 in Santiago watched Brazil beat the hosts 4–2.[8] This game saw Garrincha sent off for Brazil and Honorino Landa sent off for Chile. Chile eventually took third place in a 1–0 victory over Yugoslavia with the very last play of the match. The same player, Eladio Rojas, had also scored the winning goal in Chile's game against USSR.
Santiago's Estadio Nacional served as the venue for the final, and after 15 minutes, Brazil again found themselves a goal behind in the World Cup final, as a long ball from Adolf Scherer was latched onto by Josef Masopust: 1–0 Czechoslovakia. As in the previous final in 1958, Brazil soon hit back, equalising two minutes later through Amarildo after an error by Czechoslovak goalkeeper Schroijf. The Brazilians scored goals from Zito and Vavá (another Schrojf error) mid-way through the second half, the Czechoslovaks could not get back into the game. The match ended 3–1 to Brazil, a successful defence of the title for only the second time in the history of the competition in spite of the absence of one of their star players of 1958, Pelé who was replaced by Amarildo.
Results
Group stage
Group 1
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soviet Union |
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 1.60 | 5 |
| Yugoslavia |
3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 2.67 | 4 |
| Uruguay |
3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0.67 | 2 |
| Colombia |
3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 11 | 0.45 | 1 |
| Soviet Union |
4–4 | Colombia |
|---|---|---|
Ivanov  8', 11'Chislenko 10'Ponedelnik 56' |
Report | Aceros 21' Coll 68' (cnr.)Rada 72'Klinger 86' |
Group 2
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Germany |
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 4.00 | 5 |
| Chile |
3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1.67 | 4 |
| Italy |
3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1.50 | 3 |
| Switzerland |
3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 0.25 | 0 |
Group 3
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil |
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 4.00 | 5 |
| Czechoslovakia |
3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0.67 | 3 |
| Mexico |
3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0.75 | 2 |
| Spain |
3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0.67 | 2 |
Group 4
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary |
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 4.00 | 5 |
| England |
3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1.33 | 3 |
| Argentina |
3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0.67 | 3 |
| Bulgaria |
3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 0.14 | 1 |
- England finished ahead of Argentina on goal average.
Knockout stage
| Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Final | ||||||||
| 10 June – Arica | ||||||||||
| Soviet Union |
1 | |||||||||
| 13 June – Santiago | ||||||||||
| Chile |
2 | |||||||||
| Chile |
2 | |||||||||
| 10 June – Viña del Mar | ||||||||||
| Brazil |
4 | |||||||||
| Brazil |
3 | |||||||||
| 17 June – Santiago | ||||||||||
| England |
1 | |||||||||
| Brazil |
3 | |||||||||
| 10 June – Santiago | ||||||||||
| Czechoslovakia |
1 | |||||||||
| West Germany |
0 | |||||||||
| 13 June – Viña del Mar | ||||||||||
| Yugoslavia |
1 | |||||||||
| Yugoslavia |
1 | Third place | ||||||||
| 10 June – Rancagua | ||||||||||
| Czechoslovakia |
3 | 16 June – Santiago | ||||||||
| Hungary |
0 | |||||||||
| Chile |
1 | |||||||||
| Czechoslovakia |
1 | |||||||||
| Yugoslavia |
0 | |||||||||
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Third-place match
Final
Goalscorers
With four goals, Flórián Albert, Garrincha, Valentin Ivanov, Dražan Jerković, Leonel Sánchez and Vava are the top scorers in the tournament. In total, 89 goals were scored by 54 different players, with none of them credited as own goal.
- 4 goals
- 3 goals
- 2 goals
- 1 goal
FIFA retrospective ranking
In 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[10][11] The rankings for the 1962 tournament were as follows:
| R | Team | G | P | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 3 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 5 | +9 | 11 |
| 2 | Czechoslovakia | 3 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 3 | Chile | 2 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 8 | +2 | 8 |
| 4 | Yugoslavia | 1 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 7 | +3 | 6 |
| Eliminated in the quarter-finals | ||||||||||
| 5 | Hungary | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 3 | +5 | 5 |
| 6 | Soviet Union | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 7 | +2 | 5 |
| 7 | West Germany | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 5 |
| 8 | England | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | −1 | 3 |
| Eliminated in the group stage | ||||||||||
| 9 | Italy | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | +1 | 3 |
| 10 | Argentina | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 3 |
| 11 | Mexico | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | −1 | 2 |
| 12 | Uruguay | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | −2 | 2 |
| 13 | Spain | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 2 |
| 14 | Colombia | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 11 | −6 | 1 |
| 15 | Bulgaria | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | −6 | 1 |
| 16 | Switzerland | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 8 | −6 | 0 |
Footnotes
- 1 2 "FIFA World Cup 1962 – Historical Football Kits". Historicalkits.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
- ↑ Paul (16 December 2012). "Carlos Dittborn Pinto – 1962 FIFA World Cup". DoFooty.com. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
- ↑ "History of the World Cup Final Draw" (PDF). Retrieved 2 March 2012.
- ↑ "for the first time goal average was brought in as a means of separating teams with the same amount of points""Compact book of the World Cup" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2013.
- ↑ Brewin, John; Williamson, Martin (30 April 2014). "World Cup History: 1962". ESPN FC. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ↑ "FIFA World Cup Record – Organisation". FIFA. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
- ↑ Lopresti, Sam (28 February 2014). "Italy World Cup Rewind: Infamy at the Battle of Santiago, 1962". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
- ↑ Grüne, Hardy (2006). "WM 1962 Chile". Fussball WM Enzyklopädie 1930–2006. Agon Sportverlag. ISBN 978-3-89784-261-8.
- ↑ RSSSF credits this goal to Georgi Asparuhov.
- ↑ "page 45" (PDF). Retrieved 2 March 2012.
- ↑ "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7" (PDF). FIFA. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013.
External links
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