1948 in the United Kingdom

1948 in the United Kingdom:

Other years

1946 | 1947 | 1948 (1948) | 1949 | 1950

Individual countries of the United Kingdom

England | Northern Ireland | Scotland | Wales

Sport, Television and music

1948 British Grand Prix 1948 English cricket season Football: England | Scotland 1948 in British television

Events from the year 1948 in the United Kingdom. The Olympics are held in London and some of the government's key social legislation takes effect.

Incumbents

• Monarch – George VI
• Prime Minister – Clement Attlee (Labour)

Events

• 1 January – British Railways created when the government nationalizes the railway industry.^[1]
• 4 January – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom.^[2]
• 5 January – The first episode of the radio serial drama Mrs Dale's Diary is broadcast in the BBC Light Programme.
• 12 January – The London Co-operative Society opens Britain's first supermarket, in Manor Park, London.^[3] In the same month, Marks & Spencer introduce self-service in the food department of their Wood Green store^[4] and also this year Portsea Island Mutual Co-operative Society opens a self-service supermarket in Portsmouth.
• 17 January – All-time highest attendance for an English Football League game as 83,260 people watch Manchester United draw with Arsenal in a match played at Maine Road.^[5]
• 30 January–8 February – Great Britain and Northern Ireland compete at the Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, and win 2 bronze medals.
• 4 February – Ceylon (later renamed Sri Lanka) becomes independent within the British Commonwealth.^[6] George VI becomes King of Ceylon.
• March
  • Trades Union Congress and Government agree a formal policy of voluntary wage restraint.^[4]
  • The Administrative Staff College (established in 1945) runs its first courses at Greenlands, Henley-on-Thames, the UK's first business school.
  • The "New Look" in women's fashion becomes available in British stores.^[4]
• 17 March – Britain signs the Treaty of Brussels with Belgium, France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.^[7]
• 23 March – The radio comedy Take It From Here, written by Frank Muir and Denis Norden, is first broadcast by the BBC.
• 1 April – Fire services in the United Kingdom return from the National Fire Service to control of local authorities (under terms of Fire Services Act 1947).
• 15 April – Rowntree's introduce Polo mint sweets.^[8]
• 16 April – Arrival of Australian cricket team in England for a tour in which it will not lose a match.
• 24 April – Manchester United F.C. defeat Blackpool 4–2 in the FA Cup final at Wembley Stadium to claim their first major trophy for 37 years.^[9]
• 30 April – The Land Rover is unveiled at the Amsterdam Motor Show.
• 4 May – Release of Sir Laurence Olivier's film of Shakespeare's Hamlet, which will be the first British film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.
• 13 May – National Assistance Act supersedes the old Poor Law system.^[10]
• 14 May – The murder of June Anne Devaney, a three-year-old girl in Blackburn leads to the fingerprinting of more than 40,000 men in the city in an attempt to find the murderer.
• 14–15 May – At midnight, the British Mandate of Palestine is officially terminated as the state of Israel comes into being.
• June – Professor Lillian Penson becomes the first woman elected to serve as Vice-Chancellor of a British university (London).
• 5–13 June – First Aldeburgh Festival.
• 21 June – Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, the world's first stored-program computer, runs its first program.^[7]
• 22 June
  • The ship Empire Windrush arrives in Britain with 500 Jamaican immigrants.^[1]
  • An Order in Council removes the title of Emperor of India from the Royal Style and Titles, recognising the independence of India in 1947.
• 1 July
  • The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 and its equivalent in Scotland come into effect as the foundation of modern town and country planning in the United Kingdom, requiring planning permission for land development and establishing the system of Listed buildings.
  • The National Museum of Wales opens the Welsh Folk Museum at St Fagans to the public, the first open-air museum in the UK (director: Iorwerth Peate).
• 5 July
  • The National Health Service begins functioning, giving the right to universal healthcare, free at point of use.^[1]
  • Changes to the National Insurance social insurance scheme come into effect.
  • The Children Act 1948 comes into effect, transferring responsibility for child welfare from Poor Law Guardians, Approved schools and voluntary organisations to new local authority Children’s Departments with professional Children’s Officers.^[11]
• 15 July – First London chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous.^[7]
• 25 July – End of Post-War bread rationing.^[3]
• 29 July–14 August – Olympic Games held in London.^[1] Great Britain and Northern Ireland win 3 gold, 14 silver and 6 bronze medals at the event, which is televised by the BBC.
• 29 July
  • Stoke Mandeville Games are held for the first time, the predecessor of the Paralympic Games.^[12]
  • The highest ever daily Central England temperature value, 25.2 °C (77.4 °F) is reported for this day.^[13]
• 30 July – Gas Boards created as the government nationalises the gas industry.^[3]
• 18 August – Jockey Lester Piggott, aged 12, wins his first race, at Haydock Park Racecourse.^[7]
• September
  • The first new comprehensive schools open in Potters Bar and Hillingdon.^[3]
  • Judicial corporal punishment (birching and flogging) is abolished in the UK.^[14]
• 6 September – Flying the de Havilland DH 108, John Derry becomes the first British pilot to break the sound barrier.^[7]
• 8 September – Terence Rattigan's play The Browning Version premieres in London.^[15]
• October – The Hoover Company open a new factory for the mass production of washing machines at Merthyr Tydfil.^[4]
• 12 October – Topical debate programme Any Questions? first broadcast on the BBC Home Service.^[4] It will still be on the radio more than sixty years later.
• 20 October – 1948 KLM Constellation air disaster: A KLM Lockheed Constellation airliner crashes^[16] into power cables on approach to Prestwick Airport in Scotland, killing all 40 people on board.
• 27 October–6 November – First postwar Motor Show held at Earls Court, London. A record 562,954 visitors witness a wide range of new products from British manufacturers. Most successful will be the Morris Minor and Land Rover; but there are also the Morris Six, new Morris Oxford and Wolseley 4/50; Jaguar XK120, the world's fastest production car at this time, and Mark V; Hillman Minx Mark III; Austin A70 and Atlantic; Vauxhall Velox and Wyvern; Singer SM1500; Sunbeam-Talbot 90; and Bristol 401.^[3][17]
• 8 November – The King issues Letters Patent granting the title of Prince or Princess of the United Kingdom, with the style Royal Highness, to the children of The Duke of Edinburgh and The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh. Their first child is due later this month.
• 14 November – Princess Elizabeth gives birth to a son.^[18]
• 15 November – Rising actor and comedian Ronnie Barker, aged 19 and from Bedford, makes his stage debut in the play Quality Street at the County Theatre in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.^[19]
• 19 November – Peter Griffiths is hanged at Liverpool's Walton Gaol for the murder of June Anne Devaney.
• December – Patrick Blackett wins the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation".^[20]
• 10 December – T. S. Eliot wins the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry".^[21]
• 15 December – The Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh's one-month-old son (later The Prince of Wales) is christened His Royal Highness Charles Philip Arthur George of Edinburgh.^[22]
• 26 December – The first series of Reith Lectures, Bertrand Russell on Authority and the Individual, begins broadcasting on the BBC Home Service.^[23]

Undated

• Snettisham Hoard discovered near King's Lynn.
• From the end of the year, manufacturers are permitted to make Utility furniture to their own designs.^[24]
• “Black widow” road safety poster (slogan: “Keep death off the road – Carelessness kills”) by William Little issued.

Publications

• Jocelyn Brooke's semi-autobiographical novel The Military Orchid, first of the Orchid trilogy, and The Scapegoat.
• Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot novel Taken at the Flood.
• Winston Churchill's The Gathering Storm, first volume of his history The Second World War.
• T. S. Eliot's Notes Towards the Definition of Culture.
• Graham Greene's novel The Heart of the Matter.
• Aldous Huxley's novel Ape and Essence.
• F. R. Leavis's literary criticism The Great Tradition.
• Nevil Shute's novel No Highway.
• Evelyn Waugh's novel The Loved One.

Births

• 2 January – Deborah Watling, actress
• 12 January – Anthony Andrews, actor
• 19 January – Mal Reilly, English rugby player and coach
• 27 January – Gordon Henderson, Conservative politician
• 11 February – Roger Mills, race walker
• 7 March – Rupert Jackson, judge
• 22 March – Andrew Lloyd Webber, composer
• 1 April – Peter Law, Welsh Labour (later independent) politician (died 2006)
• 4 April – Derek Thompson, Northern Irish actor
• 12 April
  • Jeremy Beadle, television presenter, writer and producer (died 2008)
  • Ian Richards, English race walker
• 28 April – Terry Pratchett, comic fantasy and science fiction author (died 2015)
• 12 May – Joe Tasker, mountaineer (died 1982)
• 31 May – John Bonham, drummer (Led Zeppelin) (died 1980)
• 4 June – Bob Champion, jump jockey
• 21 June – Ian McEwan, novelist
• 19 September – Jeremy Irons, actor
• 26 September – Olivia Newton-John, singer
• 27 September – Michele Dotrice, actress
• 6 October – Gerry Adams, Irish Republican politician
• 15 October – Chris de Burgh, musician, in Venado Tuerto, Argentina
• 3 November – Lulu, born Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie, Scottish singer and entertainer
• 14 November
  • Charles, Prince of Wales, at this time known as Prince Charles of Edinburgh, eldest son of Elizabeth II (at this time known as The Princess Elizabeth) and first grandchild of King George VI
  • Paul Dacre, journalist
• 25 November – Paul Murphy, Welsh Labour politician
• 2 December – Patricia Hewitt, Labour politician
• 29 December – Peter Robinson, First Minister of Northern Ireland

Deaths

• 4 February – Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby, soldier, Conservative politician, diplomat and racehorse owner (born 1865)
• 6 February – John Sankey, 1st Viscount Sankey, lawyer, judge, Labour politician and Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (born 1866)
• 29 February – Robert Barrington-Ward, barrister and journalist, editor of The Times since 1941 (born 1891)
• 13 March – Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, granddaughter of Queen Victoria (born 1870)
• 23 March – Field Marshal George Milne, 1st Baron Milne, Chief of the Imperial General Staff (born 1866)
• 2 May – A. H. Fox Strangways, musicologist, translator, editor and music critic (born 1859)
• 13 May – Peter Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 8th Earl Fitzwilliam, soldier and aristocrat (born 1910)
• 29 May – Dame May Whitty, actress (born 1865)
• 21 June – Sir Ernest Beachcroft Beckwith Towse, army officer awarded the Victoria Cross (born 1864)
• 12 August – Harry Brearley, inventor (born 1871)
• 17 August – Dame Lilian Braithwaite, actress (born 1873)
• 22 August – Sophia Duleep Singh, Princess and suffragette (born 1876)
• 10 September
  • Bernard Forbes, 8th Earl of Granard, politician (born 1874)
  • Hamar Greenwood, 1st Viscount Greenwood, politician (born 1870)
• 24 November – Nellie Wallace. music hall star (born 1870)
• 31 December – Sir Malcolm Campbell, racing motorist and motoring journalist, achieved world land and water speed records (born 1885)

See also

References