18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
|
17th ←
→ 19th | |
 Emblem of the Communist Party of China | |
| Duration | 15 November 2012 – Incumbent |
|---|---|
| General Secretary | Xi Jinping |
| 1st-ranked Secretary | Liu Yunshan |
| Inner-groups |
Politburo Standing Committee: 7 members Politburo: 25 members Secretariat: 7 members Military Commission: 7 members |
| No. of departments | 4 |
| Members | 205 members and 168 alternates |
The 18th Central Committee (18th CC) was elected by the 18th Congress on 15 November 2012, and will sit until the next National Congress is convened in 2017. The Committee is composed of full members and alternate members.[1] A member has voting rights, while an alternate does not.[1] If a full member is removed from the CC the vacancy is then filled by an alternate member at the next committee plenum — the alternate member who received the most confirmation votes in favour is highest on the order of precedence.[1] To be elected to the Central Committee, a candidate must be a party member for at least five years.[1]
The 18th CC was elected using the method "more candidates than seats".[2][note 1] At the 18th National Congress, delegates could vote for 224 possible candidates for 205 seats for full membership, and 190 candidates for the 171 alternate members.[4] 8.5 percent of the member candidates and 10 percent of the alternate candidates failed to be elected.[4] Of the 373 full and alternate members, 184 of them (i.e., 48.9 percent) were elected to the Central Committee for the first time.[5] Five of the nine members born in the 1960s were associated with the Communist Youth League (designated as Tuanpai by foreign commentators).[6] Few offspring of previously high-standing officials (known as "princelings") managed to obtain full membership on the 18th CC, though a few were named alternate members.[note 2][6] The number of members who worked in central-controlled state-owned enterprises increased from one in the 17th CC to six, while Zhang Ruimin (head of Haier) was re-elected.[7] The number of members from the military remained constant from the previous committee at around 20 percent, continuing a longstanding tradition.[6]
The first plenary session in 2012 was responsible for electing the bodies in which the authority of the Central Committee was invested when it was not in session: the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. It was also responsible for approving the members of the Secretariat, Central Commission of Discipline Inspection and its Standing Committee. The second plenary session in March 2013 was responsible for nominating candidates for state positions.
The remaining plenary sessions of the 18th Central Committee were known for announcing a wide range of reform programs on a scale unprecedented since the Deng era, including "comprehensively deepening reforms", "ruling the country according to law", and complete the construction of a "moderately prosperous society". The 18th CC also saw the highest number of members expelled from the body due to corruption in the party's history.
Keys
| Abbreviations | |
|---|---|
| IDUCC | Institutions Directly Under the Central Committee |
| K | Keys |
| CIM | Central institution membership, which in this instance means membership in the PSC, PB, ST and CMC |
| PSC | Standing Committee of the Political Bureau |
| PB | Political Bureau |
| ST | Secretariat |
| CMC | Central Military Commission |
| SC–CCDI | Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection |
| CCDI | Central Commission for Discipline Inspection |
| CPPCC | Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |
| NL | National Leader |
| DNL | Deputy National Leader |
| PM | Provincial-Ministerial |
| SPM | Sub-provincial (vice-ministerial) |
| DE | Department-prefecture level |
| Adm. | Admiral |
| V-Adm. | Vice-Admiral |
| Gen. | General |
| Lt. Gen. | Lieutenant General |
| Maj. Gen. | Major General |
| Keys | |
| ♀ | Indicates that the individual is female. |
| ↑ | Indicates that the individual was elevated from alternate to member at the 4th Plenary Session. |
| ♮ | Indicates that the individual was expelled from the Communist Party after CCDI investigation. |
| ₪ | Indicates that the individual is currently under investigation by the CCDI. |
| ∞ | Indicates that the individual is retired. |
| § | Indicates that the individual is military personnel. |
| ↔ | Indicates that the individual is military personnel and has retired from active military service. |
| Note | If two keys are used in the same column it indicates that the individual is both of something. For instance, "♀§" indicates that the individual is female (♀) and military personnel (§). |
Plenums
| Plenum | Start–end | Length | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Plenary Session | 15 November 2012 | 1 day | Xi Jinping was elected General Secretary and CMC Chairman. A 25-member Politburo, 7-member Politburo Standing Committee and seven member Secretariat with Liu Yunshan as first-ranking secretary were elected. The plenum approved the composition SC–CCDI elected by the CCDI 1st Plenary Session, and the election of Wang Qishan as CCDI Secretary, CCDI Secretary-General and several CCDI deputy secretaries. |
| 2nd Plenary Session | 26–28 February 2013 | 3 days | The meeting approved lists of nominees for leading posts within the 12th National People's Congress and the 12th CPPCC National Committee, as well as a State Council restructuring plan aimed at a "simpler and decentralized administration".[8] |
| 3rd Plenary Session | 9–12 November 2013 | 4 days | Xi Jinping made a report on behalf of the Politburo titled '"The Decision on Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms".[9] Market allocation of resources was given, in official speech, a "decisive role".[10] Procedures were taken to liberalize the banking system, with the goal of achieving significant results by 2020.[10] The National Security Commission and the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms were established, and both are led by Xi.[10] The meeting anticipated the abolition of re-education through labour and an easing to the one-child policy.[10] |
| 4th Plenary Session | 20–23 October 2014 | 4 days | It passed a comprehensive package of legal reforms.[11] The decision upheld the supremacy of Communist Party rule and emphasized the importance of the Constitution.[11] It resolved to establish circuit tribunals (巡视法庭) and cross-jurisdictional circuit courts and prosecution agencies.[12] The decision also said that management of court resources of in municipal and lower level courts would be managed directly by the provincial level.[12] The Central Committee passed resolution to expel Yang Jinshan, Jiang Jiemin, and Li Dongsheng, officials who have been dismissed during the anti-corruption campaign launched after the 1st Plenary Session.[11] |
| 5th Plenary Session | 26–29 October 2015[13] | 4 days | The session passed a draft of the 13th five-year plan, with provisions for combating poverty. Secondary education for children of less well-off families will gradually be made free, including any school fees; the document also called for a "comprehensively well-off society" by 2020 and a total elimination of "poverty counties" (pinkunxian), and a universal relaxation of the one-child policy: any married couples could now have two children. The Central Committee passed a resolution confirming the expulsion of CC members Ling Jihua, Zhou Benshun, Yang Dongliang, and CC alternate members Zhu Mingguo, Wang Min, Chen Chuanping, Qiu He, Yang Weize, Pan Yiyang, and Yu Yuanhui from the party; this was the largest ever number of CC members expelled during any CC plenum due to corruption.[14] |
Apparatus
Heads of department-level institutions
| Institution | Name (birth–death) |
Hanzi | Took office | Left office | Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Organs | Wang Qishan (born 1948) |
王岐山 | 15 November 2012 | Incumbent | 3 years and 68 days |
| Central International Liaison Department | Wang Jiarui (born 1949) |
王家瑞 | 15 November 2012 | 16 November 2015 | 3 years and 1 day |
| Song Tao (born 1955) |
宋涛 | 16 November 2015 | Incumbent | 67 days | |
| Central Organization Department | Zhao Leji (born 1957) |
赵乐际 | 15 November 2012 | Incumbent | 3 years and 68 days |
| Central Policy Research Office | Wang Huning (born 1955) |
王沪宁 | 15 November 2012 | Incumbent | 3 years and 68 days |
| Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission | Meng Jianzhu (born 1947) |
孟建柱 | 15 November 2012 | Incumbent | 3 years and 68 days |
| Central Publicity Department | Liu Yunshan (born 1947) |
刘云山 | 15 November 2012 | 21 November 2012 | 6 days |
| Liu Qibao (born 1953) |
刘奇葆 | 21 November 2012 | Incumbent | 3 years and 62 days | |
| Central Taiwan Task Office | Wang Yi (born 1953) |
王毅 | 15 November 2012 | 17 March 2013 | 122 days |
| Zhang Zhijun (born 1953) |
张志军 | 17 March 2013 | Incumbent | 2 years and 311 days | |
| Central United Front Work Department | Ling Jihua (born 1956) |
令计划 | 15 November 2012 | 31 December 2013 | 2 years and 46 days |
| Sun Chunlan (born 1950) |
孙春兰 | 31 December 2014 | Incumbent | 1 year and 22 days | |
| General Office | Li Zhanshu (born 1950) |
栗战书 | 15 November 2012 | Incumbent | 3 years and 68 days |
| General Office of the Central Institutional Organization Commission | Wang Yongqing (born 1959) |
汪永清 | 15 November 2012 | April 2013 | 137 days |
| Zhang Jinan (born 1957) |
张纪南 | April 2013 | Incumbent | 2 years and 296 days | |
| General Office of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs | Zhu Zhixin (born 1949) |
朱之鑫 | 15 November 2012 | March 2013 | 106 days |
| Liu He (born 1952) |
刘鹤 | March 2013 | Incumbent | 2 years and 327 days | |
| General Office of the Foreign Affairs Leading Group | Dai Bingguo (born 1941) |
戴秉国 | 15 November 2012 | 14 March 2013 | 119 days |
| Yang Jiechi (born 1950) |
杨洁篪 | 14 March 2013 | Incumbent | 2 years and 314 days | |
| General Office of the State Council | Ma Kai (born 1946) |
马凯 | 15 November 2012 | 14 March 2013 | 119 days |
| Yang Jing (born 1953) |
杨晶 | 14 March 2013 | Incumbent | 2 years and 314 days | |
| International Communications Office | Wang Chen (born 1950) |
王晨 | 15 November 2012 | 14 March 2013 | 119 days |
| Cai Mingzhao (born 1955) |
蔡名照 | 14 March 2013 | December 2014 | 1 year and 262 days | |
| Jiang Jianguo (born 1956) |
蒋建国 | January 2015 | Incumbent | 1 year and 21 days | |
| Working Committee of Organs Directly Under the Central Committee | Li Zhanshu (born 1950) |
栗战书 | 15 November 2012 | Incumbent | 3 years and 68 days |
Heads of IDUCC institutions
| Institution | Name (birth–death) |
Hanzi | Took office | Left office | Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Compilation and Translation Bureau | Yi Junqing (born 1958) |
衣俊卿 | 15 November 2012 | 15 January 2013 | 61 days |
| Jia Gaojian (born 1959) |
贾高建 | 15 January 2013 | Incumbent | 3 years and 7 days | |
| Central Literature Research Office | Leng Rong (born 1953) |
冷溶 | 15 November 2012 | Incumbent | 2 years and 52 days |
| Central Party History Research Centre | Ouyang Song (born 1948) |
欧阳淞 | 15 November 2012 | December 2013 | 2 years and 52 days |
| Qu Qingshan (born 1957) |
曲青山 | December 2013 | Incumbent | 2 years and 52 days | |
| Central Party School | Xi Jinping (born 1953) |
习近平 | 15 November 2012 | 15 January 2013 | 61 days |
| Liu Yunshan (born 1947) |
刘云山 | 15 January 2013 | Incumbent | 3 years and 7 days | |
| China Executive Leadership Academy, Jinggangshan | Zhao Leji (born 1957) |
赵乐际 | 15 November 2012 | Incumbent | 3 years and 68 days |
| China Executive Leadership Academy, Pudong | |||||
| China Executive Leadership Academy, Yan'an | |||||
| Guangming Daily | He Dongping (born 1955) |
何东平 | 15 November 2012 | Incumbent | 3 years and 68 days |
| People's Daily | Zhang Yannong (born 1948) |
张研农 | 15 November 2012 | 30 April 2014 | 1 year and 166 days |
| Yang Zhenwu (born 1955) |
杨振武 | 30 April 2014 | Incumbent | 1 year and 267 days | |
| Qiushi | Li Baoshan (born 1955) |
李宝善 | 15 November 2012 | 30 April 2014 | 1 year and 166 days |
| Li Jie (born 1955) |
李捷 | 1 May 2014 | Incumbent | −100 days |
Membership
Members
- Notes
- Name (birth–death), Ethnicity, Office, Rank and CIM & CCDI membership are listed in accordance with the Hanzi column, but can be sorted alphabetical by pressing the button next to the column titles.
- The Hanzi column is listed according to the number of strokes in their surnames, which is the official ordering method.
| Name (birth–death) |
Hanzi | K | Ethnicity | Office | Rank | Portrait | CIM & CCDI membership |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yu Guangzhou (born 1953) |
于广洲 | — |
Han | Director, General Administration of Customs | PM |
— |
— |
| Xi Jinping (born 1953) |
习近平 | — |
Han | General Secretary, Central Committee Chairman, State/Party Central Military Commission President of the People's Republic of China Chairman, National Security Commission |
NL |
.jpg) |
PSC, PB, CMC |
| Ma Kai (born 1946) |
马凯 | — |
Han | Vice Premier, State Council | DNL |
 |
PB |
| Ma Biao (born 1954) |
马飚 | — |
Zhuang | Vice Chairman, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | DNL |
— |
— |
| Ma Xingrui (born 1959) |
马兴瑞 | — |
Han | Secretary, Shenzhen Municipal Committee (2015–) Deputy Secretary, Guangdong Provincial Committee (2013–2015) |
SPM |
 |
— |
| Ma Xiaotian (born 1949) |
马晓天 | § | Han | Commander-in-chief, People's Liberation Army Air Force | Gen. |
 |
CMC |
| Ma Jiantang (born 1958) |
马建堂 | ↑ | Han | Vice-President, Chinese Academy of Governance | SPM |
— |
— |
| Wang Jun (born 1952) |
王君 | — |
Han | Secretary, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Xia (born 1954) |
王侠 | ♀ | Han | Secretary, Central Committee of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperation | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Min (born 1950) |
王珉 | ∞ | Han | Secretary, Liaoning Provincial Committee (2012–2015) | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Yong (born 1955) |
王勇 | — |
Han | State Councillor | DNL |
— |
— |
| Wang Chen (born 1950) |
王晨 | — |
Han | Vice Chairman, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Secretary-General, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Deputy Director, Publicity Department |
PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Yi (born 1953) |
王毅 | — |
Han | Minister of Foreign Affairs | PM |
.jpg) |
— |
| Wang Sanyun (born 1952) |
王三运 | — |
Han | Secretary, Gansu Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Wanbin (born 1949) |
王万宾 | — |
Han | Executive Deputy Secretary-General, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Yupu (born 1956) |
王玉普 | — |
Han | Chairman, Board of Sinopec | SPM |
— |
— |
| Wang Zhengwei (born 1957) |
王正伟 | — |
Hui | Chairman, State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the State Council | DNL |
.jpg) |
— |
| Wang Dongming (born 1956) |
王东明 | — |
Han | Secretary, Sichuan Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Guangya (born 1950) |
王光亚 | — |
Han | Director, Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council | PM |
 |
— |
| Wang Weiguang (born 1950) |
王伟光 | — |
Han | President, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Anshun (born 1957) |
王安顺 | — |
Han | Mayor of Beijing | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Zhigang (born 1958) |
王志刚 | — |
Han | Secretary, Party Branch of the Ministry of Science and Technology | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Qishan (born 1948) |
王岐山 | — |
Han | Secretary, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection | NL |
.jpg) |
PSC, PB, SC–CCDI, CCDI |
| Wang Huning (born 1955) |
王沪宁 | — |
Han | Director, Policy Research Office | DNL |
 |
PB |
| Wang Guosheng (born 1956) |
王国生 | — |
Han | Governor of Hubei | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Xuejun (born 1952) |
王学军 | — |
Han | Secretary, Anhui Provincial Committee (2015–) Governor of Anhui (2013–2015) |
PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Jianping (born 1953) |
王建平 | § | Han | Deputy Chief of Staff, People's Liberation Army | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Wang Shengjun (born 1946) |
王胜俊 | — |
Han | Vice Chairman, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | DNL |
— |
— |
| Wang Hongyao (born 1951) |
王洪尧 | § | Han | Political Commissar, People's Liberation Army General Armaments Department | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Wang Xiankui (born 1952) |
王宪魁 | — |
Han | Secretary, Heilongjiang Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Guanzhong (born 1953) |
王冠中 | § | Han | Deputy Chief of Staff, People's Liberation Army | Gen. |
 |
— |
| Wang Jiarui (born 1949) |
王家瑞 | — |
Han | Head, International Liaison Department (2012–2015) Vice Chairman, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |
DNL |
 |
— |
| Wang Jiaocheng (born 1952) |
王教成 | § | Han | Commander, Shenyang Military Region | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Wang Xinxian (born 1954) |
王新宪 | — |
Han | Chairman, Executive Board of the China Disabled Persons' Federation | — |
— |
— |
| Wang Rulin (born 1953) |
王儒林 | — |
Han | Secretary, Shanxi Provincial Committee (2014–) Secretary, Jilin Provincial Committee (2012–2014) |
PM |
— |
— |
| Wang Zuo'an (born 1958) |
王作安 | ↑ | Han | Director, State Administration for Religious Affairs | SPM |
— |
— |
| Zhi Shuping (born 1953) |
支树平 | — |
Han | Director, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine | PM |
— |
— |
| You Quan (born 1954) |
尤权 | — |
Han | Secretary, Fujian Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Che Jun (born 1955) |
车俊 | — |
Han | Political Commissar, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2012–2015) Deputy Secretary, Xinjiang Autonomous Regional Committee |
PM |
— |
— |
| Yin Weimin (born 1953) |
尹蔚民 | — |
Han | Minister of Human Resources and Social Security | PM |
— |
— |
| Bayanqolu (born 1955) |
巴音朝鲁 | — |
Mongol | Secretary, Jilin Provincial Committee (2014–) Governor of Jilin (2012–2014) |
PM |
— |
— |
| Bagatur (born 1955) |
巴特尔 | — |
Mongol | Chairman, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | PM |
— |
— |
| Mao Wanchun (born 1961) |
毛万春 | ↑ | Han | Head, Shanxi Provincial Organization Department | SPM |
— |
— |
| Lu Zhangong (born 1952) |
卢展工 | — |
Han | Vice Chairman, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | DNL |
— |
— |
| Ye Xiaowen (born 1950) |
叶小文 | — |
Han | Branch Secretary, Central Institute of Socialism | PM |
— |
— |
| Tian Zhong (born 1956) |
田中 | § | Han | Deputy Commander, People's Liberation Army Navy (2014–) Commander, North Sea Fleet (2012–2014) |
Lt. Gen. |
 |
— |
| Tian Xiusi (born 1950) |
田修思 | § | Han | Political Commissar, People's Liberation Army Air Force | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Padma Choling (born 1952) |
白玛赤林 | — |
Tibetan | Chairman, People's Congress of Tibet | PM |
 |
— |
| Bai Chunli (born 1953) |
白春礼 | — |
Han | President, Chinese Academy of Sciences | PM |
 |
— |
| Ling Jihua (born 1956) |
令计划 | ♮ | Han | Vice Chairman, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (2013–2015) Head, United Front Work Department (2012–2014) |
DNL |
— |
— |
| Ji Bingxuan (born 1951) |
吉炳轩 | — |
Han | Vice Chairman, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | DNL |
— |
— |
| Zhu Xiaodan (born 1953) |
朱小丹 | — |
Han | Governor of Guangdong | PM |
.jpg) |
— |
| Zhu Fuxi (born 1955) |
朱福熙 | § | Han | Political Commissar, Chengdu Military Region | Lt. Gen. |
— |
— |
| Quan Zhezhu (born 1952) |
全哲洙 | — |
Korean | Executive Vice Chairman, Central Committee of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce | SPM |
— |
— |
| Liu Peng (born 1951) |
刘鹏 | — |
Han | Secretary, State General Administration of Sports | PM |
— |
— |
| Liu Yuan (born 1951) |
刘源 | § | Han | Political Commissar, General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Liu He (born 1952) |
刘鹤 | — |
Han | Director, General Office of the Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs | PM |
— |
— |
| Liu Yunshan (born 1947) |
刘云山 | — |
Han | President, Central Party School Chairman, Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization |
NL |
 |
PSC, PB, ST |
| Liu Yazhou (born 1952) |
刘亚洲 | § | Han | Political Commissar, PLA National Defence University | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Liu Chengjun (born 1949) |
刘成军 | ↔ | Han | President, PLA Academy of Military Science (2012–2015) | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Liu Weiping (born 1953) |
刘伟平 | — |
Han | Governor of Gansu | PM |
— |
— |
| Liu Yandong (born 1945) |
刘延东 | ♀ | Han | Vice Premier, State Council | DNL |
 |
PB |
| Liu Qibao (born 1953) |
刘奇葆 | — |
Han | Head, Publicity Department | DNL |
— |
PB, ST |
| Liu Xiaojiang (born 1949) |
刘晓江 | ∞ | Han | Political Commissar, People's Liberation Army Navy (2012–2015) | Adm. |
— |
— |
| Liu Jiayi (born 1955) |
刘家义 | — |
Han | Auditor General of the National Audit Office | PM |
— |
— |
| Liu Yuejun (born 1954) |
刘粤军 | § | Han | Commander, Lanzhou Military Region | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Liu Fulian (born 1953) |
刘福连 | § | Han | Political Commissar, Beijing Military Region | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Xu Dazhe (born 1956) |
许达哲 | — |
Han | Director, China National Space Administration | SPM |
— |
— |
| Xu Qiliang (born 1950) |
许其亮 | § | Han | Vice Chairman, Central Military Commission | DNL Gen. |
— |
PB, CMC |
| Xu Yaoyuan (born 1952) |
许耀元 | § | Han | Political Commissar, PLA Academy of Military Science | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Sun Huaishan (born 1957) |
孙怀山 | — |
Han | Secretary, Party Branch of Organizations Reporting to the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | PM |
— |
— |
| Sun Jianguo (born 1952) |
孙建国 | § | Han | Deputy Chief of General Staff, People's Liberation Army | Adm. |
 |
— |
| Sun Chunlan (born 1950) |
孙春兰 | ♀ | Han | Head, United Front Work Department (2014–) Secretary, Tianjin Municipal Committee (2012–2014) |
DNL |
— |
PB |
| Sun Zhengcai (born 1963) |
孙政才 | — |
Han | Secretary, Chongqing Municipal Committee | DNL |
— |
PB |
| Sun Sijing (born 1951) |
孙思敬 | § | Han | Political Commissar, People's Armed Police Force | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Su Shulin (born 1962) |
苏树林 | ₪ | Han | Governor of Fujian (2012 – 2015) | PM |
— |
— |
| Du Qinglin (born 1946) |
杜青林 | — |
Han | Vice Chairman, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | DNL |
— |
ST |
| Du Jincai (born 1952) |
杜金才 | § | Han | Deputy Secretary, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Secretary, Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission |
Gen. |
— |
SC–CCDI, CCDI |
| Du Hengyan (born 1951) |
杜恒岩 | § | Han | Political Commissar, Jinan Military Region | Adm. |
— |
— |
| Li Wei (born 1953) |
李伟 | — |
Han | Director, Development Research Center of the State Council | PM |
— |
— |
| Li Bin (born 1954) |
李斌 | ♀ | Han | Chairwoman, National Health and Family Planning Commission | PM |
— |
— |
| Li Congjun (born 1949) |
李从军 | ∞ | Han | President of the Xinhua News Agency (2012–2015) | PM |
— |
— |
| Li Dongsheng (born 1955) |
李东生 | ♮ | Han | Vice Minister of Public Security (2012–2013) Director of the 6-10 Office (2012–2013) |
PM |
— |
— |
| Li Liguo (born 1953) |
李立国 | — |
Han | Minister of Civil Affairs | PM |
— |
— |
| Li Jiheng (born 1957) |
李纪恒 | — |
Han | Secretary, Yunnan Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Li Keqiang (born 1955) |
李克强 | — |
Han | Premier, State Council Chairman, State Commission for Public Sector Reform Chairman, National Defense Mobilization Commission Chairman, National Energy Commission Chairman, Central Institutional Organization Commission |
NL |
.jpg) |
PSC, PB |
| Li Xueyong (born 1950) |
李学勇 | — |
Han | Governor of Jiangsu | PM |
 |
— |
| Li Jianhua (born 1954) |
李建华 | — |
Han | Secretary, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regional Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Li Jianguo (born 1946) |
李建国 | — |
Han | Vice Chairman, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | DNL |
— |
PB |
| Li Hongzhong (born 1956) |
李鸿忠 | — |
Han | Secretary, Hubei Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Li Yuanchao (born 1950) |
李源潮 | — |
Han | Vice President of the People's Republic of China | DNL |
 |
PB |
| Yang Jing (born 1953) |
杨晶 | — |
Mongol | Secretary-General, State Council | DNL |
 |
ST |
| Yang Chuantang (born 1954) |
杨传堂 | — |
Han | Minister of Transport | PM |
— |
— |
| Yang Jinshan (born 1954) |
杨金山 | ♮ | Han | Deputy Commander of the Chengdu Military Region (2012–2013) | Lt. Gen. |
— |
— |
| Yang Dongliang (born 1954) |
杨栋梁 | ♮ | Han | Director, State Administration of Work Safety (2012–2015) | PM |
— |
— |
| Yang Jiechi (born 1950) |
杨洁篪 | — |
Han | State Councillor | DNL |
 |
— |
| Yang Huanning (born 1957) |
杨焕宁 | — |
Han | Executive Deputy Minister of Public Security | PM |
— |
— |
| Xiao Gang (born 1958) |
肖钢 | — |
Han | Chairman, China Securities Regulatory Commission | PM |
 |
— |
| Xiao Jie (born 1957) |
肖捷 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary-General, State Council | PM |
— |
— |
| Wu Changde (born 1952) |
吴昌德 | § | Han | Deputy Director, People's Liberation Army General Political Department | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Wu Shengli (born 1945) |
吴胜利 | § | Han | Commander, People's Liberation Army Navy | Adm. |
 |
CMC |
| Wu Aiying (born 1951) |
吴爱英 | ♀ | Han | Minister of Justice | PM |
— |
— |
| Wu Xinxiong (born 1949) |
吴新雄 | ∞ | Han | Director, National Energy Administration (2012–2015) | SPM |
— |
— |
| He Yiting (born 1952) |
何毅亭 | — |
Han | Executive Vice President, Central Party School | PM |
— |
— |
| Leng Rong (born 1953) |
冷溶 | — |
Han | Chairman, Central Literature Research Office | — |
— |
— |
| Wang Yang (born 1955) |
汪洋 | — |
Han | Vice Premier, State Council | DNL |
_Washington_2013.jpg) |
PB |
| Wang Yongqing (born 1959) |
汪永清 | — |
Han | Secretary-General, Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission Deputy Secretary-General, State Council |
PM |
— |
— |
| Shen Yueyue (born 1957) |
沈跃跃 | ♀ | Han | Vice Chair, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Chair, Central Committee of the All-China Women's Federation |
DNL |
— |
— |
| Shen Deyong (born 1954) |
沈德咏 | — |
Han | Executive Vice President, Supreme People's Court | PM |
— |
— |
| Song Dahan (born 1952) |
宋大涵 | — |
Han | Director, Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council | PM |
— |
— |
| Song Xiuyan (born 1955) |
宋秀岩 | ♀ | Han | Secretary, Party Branch of the All-China Women's Federation First Secretary, Secretariat of the All-China Women's Federation |
PM |
— |
— |
| Zhang Yang (born 1951) |
张阳 | § | Han | Deputy Director, People's Liberation Army General Political Department | Gen. |
— |
CMC |
| Zhang Mao (born 1954) |
张茅 | — |
Han | Director, State Administration for Industry and Commerce | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhang Yi (born 1950) |
张毅 | — |
Han | Director, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhang Youxia (born 1950) |
张又侠 | § | Han | Director, People's Liberation Army General Armaments Department | Gen. |
— |
CMC |
| Zhang Shibo (born 1952) |
张仕波 | § | Han | President, PLA National Defence University (2014–) Commander, Beijing Military Region (2012–2014) |
Gen. |
— |
— |
| Zhang Qingwei (born 1961) |
张庆伟 | — |
Han | Governor of Hebei | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhang Qingli (born 1951) |
张庆黎 | — |
Han | Vice Chairman, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Secretary-General, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference |
DNL |
— |
— |
| Zhang Zhijun (born 1953) |
张志军 | — |
Han | Director, Taiwan Affairs Office | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhang Guoqing (born 1964) |
张国清 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Chongqing Municipal Committee | SPM |
— |
— |
| Zhang Baoshun (born 1950) |
张宝顺 | ∞ | Han | Secretary, Anhui Provincial Committee (2012–2015) | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhang Chunxian (born 1953) |
张春贤 | — |
Han | Secretary, Xinjiang Autonomous Regional Committee | DNL |
— |
PB |
| Zhang Gaoli (born 1946) |
张高丽 | — |
Han | Vice Premier, State Council | NL |
 |
PSC, PB |
| Zhang Haiyang (born 1949) |
张海阳 | ↔ | Han | Political Commissar, Second Artillery Corps (2012–2015) | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Zhang Yijiong (born 1955) |
张裔炯 | — |
Han | Executive Deputy Head, United Front Work Department | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhang Dejiang (born 1946) |
张德江 | — |
Han | Chairman, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | NL |
 |
PSC, PB |
| Lu Hao (born 1967) |
陆昊 | — |
Han | Governor of Heilongjiang | PM |
— |
— |
| Chen Xi (born 1953) |
陈希 | — |
Han | Executive Deputy Head, Organization Department | PM |
— |
— |
| Chen Lei (born 1954) |
陈雷 | — |
Han | Minister of Water Resources | PM |
— |
— |
| Chen Quanguo (born 1955) |
陈全国 | — |
Han | Secretary, Tibet Regional Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Chen Qiufa (born 1954) |
陈求发 | — |
Miao | Governor of Liaoning (2015–) Chairman of the Hunan People's Political Consultative Conference (2013–2015) |
PM |
— |
— |
| Chen Baosheng (born 1956) |
陈宝生 | — |
Han | Vice President, China National School of Administration Party Secretary, China National School of Administration |
PM |
— |
— |
| Chen Zhenggao (born 1952) |
陈政高 | — |
Han | Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development | PM |
— |
— |
| Chen Min'er (born 1960) |
陈敏尔 | — |
Han | Governor of Guizhou Secretary, Guizhou Provincial Committee (2015–) |
PM |
— |
— |
| Bekri, NurNur Bekri (born 1961) |
努尔·白克力 | — |
Uyghur | Director, National Energy Administration (2015–) Chairman of Xinjiang (2012–2014) |
PM |
 |
— |
| Miao Wei (born 1955) |
苗圩 | — |
Han | Minister of Industry and Information Technology | PM |
— |
— |
| Fan Changlong (born 1947) |
范长龙 | § | Han | Vice Chairman, Central Military Commission | DNL Gen. |
 |
PB, CMC |
| Lin Jun (born 1949) |
林军 | — |
Han | President, Central Committee of the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese | — |
— |
— |
| Lin Zuoming (born 1957) |
林左鸣 | — |
Han | Chairman, Board of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China | — |
— |
— |
| Shang Fulin (born 1951) |
尚福林 | — |
Han | President, China Banking Regulatory Commission | PM |
— |
— |
| Luo Zhijun (born 1951) |
罗志军 | — |
Han | Secretary, Jiangsu Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Luo Baoming (born 1952) |
罗保铭 | — |
Han | Secretary, Hainan Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhou Ji (born 1946) |
周济 | — |
Han | President, Chinese Academy of Engineering | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhou Qiang (born 1960) |
周强 | — |
Han | President, Supreme Court | DNL |
— |
— |
| Zhou Benshun (born 1953) |
周本顺 | ♮ | Han | Secretary, Hebei Provincial Committee (2013–2015) | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhou Shengxian (born 1949) |
周生贤 | ∞ | Han | Minister of Environmental Protection (2012–2015) | PM |
 |
— |
| Zheng Weiping (born 1955) |
郑卫平 | § | Han | Political Commissar, Nanjing Military Region | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Fang Fenghui (born 1951) |
房峰辉 | § | Han | Director, People's Liberation Army General Staff Department | Gen. |
 |
CMC |
| Meng Xuenong (born 1949) |
孟学农 | — |
Han | Chairman, Legal Affairs Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | — |
— |
— |
| Meng Jianzhu (born 1947) |
孟建柱 | — |
Han | Secretary, Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission | DNL |
 |
PB |
| Xiang Junbo (born 1957) |
项俊波 | — |
Han | Chairman, China Insurance Regulatory Commission | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhao Shi (born 1953) |
赵实 | ♀ | Han | Secretary, Party Branch of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles | — |
— |
— |
| Zhao Zhengyong (born 1951) |
赵正永 | — |
Han | Secretary, Shaanxi Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Zhao Leji (born 1957) |
赵乐际 | — |
Han | Head, Organization Department | DNL |
— |
PB, ST |
| Zhao Keshi (born 1947) |
赵克石 | § | Han | Director, General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army | Gen. |
— |
CMC |
| Zhao Kezhi (born 1953) |
赵克志 | — |
Han | Secretary, Guizhou Provincial Committee (2012–2015) Secretary, Hebei Provincial Committee (2015–) |
PM |
— |
— |
| Zhao Zongqi (born 1955) |
赵宗岐 | § | Han | Commander, Jinan Military Region | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Zhao Hongzhu (born 1947) |
赵洪祝 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection | DNL |
— |
ST, SC–CCDI, CCDI |
| Hu Zejun (born 1955) |
胡泽君 | ♀ | Han | Executive Deputy Procurator-General, Supreme People's Procuratorate | PM |
— |
— |
| Hu Chunhua (born 1963) |
胡春华 | — |
Han | Secretary, Guangdong Provincial Committee | DNL |
— |
PB |
| Yu Zhengsheng (born 1945) |
俞正声 | — |
Han | Chairman, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | NL |
 |
PSC, PB |
| Jiang Daming (born 1953) |
姜大明 | — |
Han | Minister of Land and Resources | PM |
— |
— |
| Jiang Yikang (born 1953) |
姜异康 | — |
Han | Secretary, Shandong Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Luo Huining (born 1954) |
骆惠宁 | — |
Han | Governor of Qinghai | PM |
— |
— |
| Qin Guangrong (born 1954) |
秦光荣 | — |
Han | Secretary, Yunnan Provincial Committee (2012–2014) | PM |
— |
— |
| Yuan Chunqing (born 1952) |
袁纯清 | — |
Han | Deputy Director, Office of Rural Work (2014–) Party Secretary of Shanxi (2012–2014) |
PM |
— |
— |
| Yuan Guiren (born 1950) |
袁贵仁 | — |
Han | Minister of Education | PM |
— |
— |
| Geng Huichang (born 1951) |
耿惠昌 | — |
Han | Minister of State Security | PM |
— |
— |
| Nie Weiguo (born 1952) |
聂卫国 | — |
Han | Director, Engineering Oversight Office of the Three Gorges Dam | PM |
— |
— |
| Li Zhanshu (born 1950) |
栗战书 | — |
Han | Director, General Office of the Central Committee | DNL |
 |
PB, ST |
| Jia Ting'an (born 1952) |
贾廷安 | § | Han | Deputy Director, People's Liberation Army General Political Department | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Xia Baolong (born 1952) |
夏宝龙 | — |
Han | Secretary, Zhejiang Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Tie Ning (born 1957) |
铁凝 | ♀ | Han | President, China Writers Association | — |
— |
— |
| Xu Shousheng (born 1953) |
徐守盛 | — |
Han | Secretary, Hunan Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Xu Shaoshi (born 1951) |
徐绍史 | — |
Han | Chairman, National Development and Reform Commission | PM |
— |
— |
| Xu Fenlin (born 1953) |
徐粉林 | § | Han | Commander, Guangdong Military Region | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Gao Hucheng (born 1953) |
高虎城 | — |
Han | Minister of Commerce | PM |
 |
— |
| Guo Shengkun (born 1954) |
郭声琨 | — |
Han | State Councillor Minister of Public Security |
DNL |
 |
— |
| Guo Jinlong (born 1947) |
郭金龙 | — |
Han | Secretary, Beijing Municipal Committee | DNL |
— |
PB |
| Guo Gengmao (born 1950) |
郭庚茂 | — |
Han | Secretary, Hebei Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Guo Shuqing (born 1956) |
郭树清 | — |
Han | Governor of Shandong | PM |
 |
— |
| Huang Xingguo (born 1954) |
黄兴国 | — |
Han | Mayor of Tianjin | PM |
 |
— |
| Huang Qifan (born 1952) |
黄奇帆 | — |
Han | Mayor of Chongqing | PM |
 |
— |
| Huang Shuxian (born 1954) |
黄树贤 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Minister of Supervision |
PM |
— |
SC–CCDI, CCDI |
| Cao Jianming (born 1955) |
曹建明 | — |
Han | Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate | DNL |
— |
— |
| Qi Jianguo (born 1952) |
戚建国 | § | Han | Deputy Chief of General Staff, People's Liberation Army | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Chang Wanquan (born 1949) |
常万全 | § | Han | State Councilor Minister of National Defense |
DNL Gen. |
 |
CMC |
| Lu Xinshe (born 1956) |
鹿心社 | — |
Han | Governor of Jiangxi | PM |
— |
— |
| Peng Yong (born 1954) |
彭勇 | § | Han | Commander, Xinjiang Military District | Lt. Gen. |
— |
— |
| Peng Qinghua (born 1957) |
彭清华 | — |
Han | Secretary, Guangxi Zhuang Autnomous Regional Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Jiang Dingzhi (born 1954) |
蒋定之 | — |
Han | Vice Chairman, Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress | PM |
— |
— |
| Jiang Jianguo (born 1956) |
蒋建国 | — |
Han | Director of the State Council Information Office Deputy Director, Publicity Department |
PM |
— |
— |
| Jiang Jiemin (born 1954) |
蒋洁敏 | ♮ | Han | Director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (2013) Chairman, China National Petroleum Corporation (2012–2013) |
PM |
— |
— |
| Han Zheng (born 1954) |
韩正 | — |
Han | Secretary, Shanghai Municipal Committee | DNL |
 |
PB |
| Han Changfu (born 1954) |
韩长赋 | — |
Han | Minister of Agriculture | PM |
 |
— |
| Jiao Huancheng (born 1949) |
焦焕成 | ∞ | Han | Deputy Secretary-General, State Council (2012–2015) | PM |
— |
— |
| Xie Fuzhan (born 1954) |
谢伏瞻 | — |
Han | Secretary, Henan Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Qiang Wei (born 1953) |
强卫 | — |
Han | Secretary, Jiangxi Provincial Committee | PM |
— |
— |
| Lou Jiwei (born 1950) |
楼继伟 | — |
Han | Minister of Finance | PM |
— |
— |
| Xie Zhenhua (born 1949) |
解振华 | ∞ | Han | Deputy Director, National Development and Reform Commission (2012–2015) | PM |
 |
— |
| Chu Yimin (born 1953) |
褚益民 | § | Han | Political Commissar, Shenyang Military Region | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Cai Wu (born 1949) |
蔡武 | ∞ | Han | Minister of Culture (2012–2014) | PM |
 |
— |
| Cai Mingzhao (born 1955) |
蔡名照 | — |
Han | President, Xinhua News Agency | PM |
— |
— |
| Cai Yingting (born 1954) |
蔡英挺 | § | Han | Commander, Nanjing Military Region | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Cai Fuchao (born 1951) |
蔡赴朝 | — |
Han | Chairman, State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television Deputy Director, Publicity Department |
PM |
— |
— |
| Luo Shugang (born 1955) |
雒树刚 | — |
Han | Minister of Culture (2014–) | PM |
— |
— |
| Wei Liang (born 1953) |
魏亮 | § | Han | Political Commissar, Guangzhou Military Region | Gen. |
— |
— |
| Wei Fenghe (born 1953) |
魏凤和 | § | Han | Commander, Second Artillery Corps | Gen. |
 |
CMC |
Alternates
- Notes
- The individuals below are listed according to the number of votes in favour received at the Party Congress that elected the Committee; if the number of votes in favour they received were the same, they are ordered by the number of strokes in their surnames.
- Name (birth–death), Ethnicity, Office, and Rank can be sorted alphabetical by pressing the button next to the column titles.
| Name (birth–death) |
Hanzi | K | Ethnicity | Office | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ma Jiantang (born 1958) |
马建堂 | ↑ | Han | Director, National Bureau of Statistics | SPM |
| Wang Zuo'an (born 1958) |
王作安 | ↑ | Han | Director, State Administration for Religious Affairs | SPM |
| Mao Wanchun (born 1961) |
毛万春 | ↑ | Han | Head, Shaanxi Provincial Organization Department | SPM |
| Liu Xiaokai (born 1962) |
刘晓凯 | ↑ | Miao | Head, Guizhou United Front Work Department | SPM |
| Chen Zhirong (born 1957) |
陈志荣 | ↑ | Li | Vice Governor of Hainan | SPM |
| Jin Zhenji (born 1959) |
金振吉 | ↑ | Korean | Vice Governor of Jilin | SPM |
| Zhao Xiangeng (born 1953) |
赵宪庚 | — |
Han | Vice President, Chinese Academy of Engineering | — |
| Xian Hui (born 1958) |
咸辉 | ♀ | Hui | Vice Governor of Gansu | SPM |
| Mo Jiancheng (born 1956) |
莫建成 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Jiangxi Provincial Committee Vice Governor of Jiangxi |
SPM |
| Cui Bo (born 1957) |
崔波 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regional Committee | SPM |
| Shu Xiaoqin (born 1956) |
舒晓琴 | ♀ | Han | Director, State Bureau for Letters and Calls Deputy Secretary-General, State Council |
SPM |
| Ma Shunqing (born 1963) |
马顺清 | — |
Hui | Chairman, Qinghai Federation of Trade Unions (2015–) Vice Governor of Qinghai (2012–2015) |
SPM |
| Wang Jianjun (born 1958) |
王建军 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Qinghai Provincial Committee | SPM |
| Zhu Mingguo (born 1957) |
朱明国 | ♮ | Li | Chairman, Guangdong People's Political Consultative Conference (2013–2014) Deputy Secretary, Guangdong Provincial Committee (2012–2013) |
PM |
| Liu Xuepu (born 1957) |
刘学普 | — |
Tujia | Secretary, Chongqing Municipal Political and Legal Affairs Commission | SPM |
| Li Qiang (born 1959) |
李强 | — |
Han | Governor of Zhejiang | PM |
| Yang Chongyong (born 1955) |
杨崇勇 | — |
Manchu | Executive Vice Governor of Hebei | SPM |
| Yu Yuanhui (born 1964) |
余远辉 | ♮ | Yao | Secretary, Nanning Municipal Committee (2013–2015) | SPM |
| Chen Wu (born 1954) |
陈武 | — |
Zhuang | Chairman, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | PM |
| Chen Mingming (born 1957) |
陈鸣明 | — |
Bouyei | Vice Governor of Guizhou Secretary, Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Committee |
SPM |
| Zhu Yanfeng (born 1961) |
竺延风 | — |
Han | Chairman, Dongfeng Motor Party Secretary, Dongfeng Motor |
— |
| Zheng Qunliang (born 1954) |
郑群良 | § | Han | Deputy Commander, PLA Air Force | Lt. Gen. |
| Zhao Jin (born 1962) |
赵金 | — |
Yi | Head, Yunnan Provincial Propaganda Department | SPM |
| Zhao Lixiong (born 1956) |
赵立雄 | — |
Bai | Secretary, Qujing Municipal Committee | DE |
| Zhao Shucong (born 1955) |
赵树丛 | — |
Han | Director, State Forestry Administration of the People's Republic of China | SPM |
| Duan Chunhua (born 1959) |
段春华 | — |
Han | Secretary-General, Tianjin Municipal Committee | SPM |
| Losang Gyaltsen (born 1957) |
洛桑江村 | — |
Tibetan | Chairman, Tibet Autonomous Region | PM |
| Qian Zhimin (born 1960) |
钱智民 | — |
Han | Chief executive, China National Nuclear Corporation | — |
| Gao Jin (born 1959) |
高津 | § | Han | President, PLA Academy of Military Science | Lt. Gen. |
| Gao Guangbin (born 1963) |
高广滨 | — |
Han | Secretary, Changchun Municipal Committee (2012–2015) Executive Vice Governor of Jilin (2015–) |
SPM |
| Liang Guoyang (born 1951) |
梁国扬 | — |
Han | — |
— |
| Chen Yiqin (born 1959) |
谌贻琴 | ♀ | Bai | Deputy Secretary, Guizhou Provincial Committee Secretary, Guizhou Political and Legal Affairs Commission |
SPM |
| Han Yong (born 1956) |
韩勇 | — |
Han | Political Commissar, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2015–) Deputy Secretary, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional Committee |
SPM |
| Lan Tianli (born 1962) |
蓝天立 | — |
Zhuang | Vice Chairman, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | SPM |
| Zhan Wenlong (born 1955) |
詹文龙 | — |
Han | President, Institute of High Energy Physics | — |
| Pan Liangshi (born 1956) |
潘良时 | § | Han | Commander, Beijing Garrison | Lt. Gen. |
| Ai Husheng (born 1951) |
艾虎生 | ↔ | Han | Deputy Commander, Chengdu Military Region (2012–2014) | Lt. Gen. |
| Danko (born 1962) |
旦科 | — |
Tibetan | Head, Qinghai Provincial United Front Department | SPM |
| Ren Xuefeng (born 1965) |
任学锋 | — |
Han | Secretary, Guangzhou Municipal Committee | SPM |
| Liu Sheng (born 1956) |
刘胜 | § | Han | Deputy Director, People's Liberation Army General Armaments Department | Lt. Gen. |
| Liu Hui (born 1959) |
刘慧 | ♀ | Hui | Deputy Secretary, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regional Committee Chairman, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region |
PM |
| Li Shixiang (born 1958) |
李士祥 | — |
Han | Executive Vice Mayor of Beijing | SPM |
| Li Baoshan (born 1955) |
李宝善 | — |
Han | Editor-in-chief, People's Daily (2014–) Editor-in-chief, Qiushi (2012–2014) |
PM |
| Li Jiayang (born 1956) |
李家洋 | — |
Han | Deputy Minister of Agriculture President, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chairman, Genetics Society of China |
SPM |
| Yang Yue (born 1968) |
杨岳 | — |
Han | Secretary, Fuzhou Municipal Committee | SPM |
| Yang Xuejun (born 1963) |
杨学军 | § | Han | President, National University of Defense Technology | Lt. Gen. |
| Zhang Jie (born 1958) |
张杰 | — |
Han | President, Shanghai Jiao Tong University | SPM |
| Zhang Daili (born 1954) |
张岱梨 | — |
Han | President, Hubei Federation of Trade Unions (2015–) Head, Hebei Provincial United Front Work Department (2012–2015) |
SPM |
| Zhang Jianping (born 1956) |
张建平 | § | Han | Deputy Commander, PLA Air Force | Lt. Gen. |
| Chen Chuanping (born 1962) |
陈川平 | ♮ | Han | Secretary, Taiyuan Municipal Committee (2012–2014) | SPM |
| Hao Peng (born 1960) |
郝鹏 | — |
Han | Governor of Qinghai | PM |
| Ke Zunping (born 1956) |
柯尊平 | — |
Han | Chairman, Standing Committee of Sichuan People's Political Consultative Conference (2015–) Deputy Secretary, Sichuan Provincial Committee (2013–2015) Head, Sichuan Provincial Organization Department (2012–2013) |
PM |
| Lou Qinjian (born 1956) |
娄勤俭 | — |
Han | Governor of Shaanxi Deputy Secretary, Shaanxi Provincial Committee |
PM |
| Yao Yinliang (born 1956) |
姚引良 | — |
Han | Vice Governor, Shaanxi Secretary, Yan'an Municipal Committee (2012–2015) |
SPM |
| Xia Jie (born 1960) |
夏杰 | ♀ | Hui | Head, Henan Provincial Organization Department | SPM |
| Xu Songnan (born 1956) |
徐松南 | — |
Han | Secretary, Chongqing Discipline Inspection Commission | SPM |
| Jiang Weilie (born 1955) |
蒋伟烈 | § | Han | Deputy Commander, People's Liberation Army Navy | V-Adm. |
| Wan Lijun (born 1957) |
万立骏 | — |
Han | President, University of Science and Technology of China (2015–) | SPM |
| Wang Huizhong (born 1956) |
王辉忠 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Zhejiang Provincial Committee Secretary, Zhejiang Political and Legal Affairs Commission |
SPM |
| Niu Zhizhong (born 1955) |
牛志忠 | § | Han | Chief of Staff, People's Armed Police | Lt. Gen. |
| Deng Kai (born 1959) |
邓凯 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Henan Provincial Committee | SPM |
| Ye Hongzhuan (born 1958) |
叶红专 | — |
Tujia | Secretary, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Committee | DE |
| Turahun, ErkenjanErkenjan Turahun (born 1964) |
尔肯江·吐拉洪 | — |
Uyghur | Chairman, Xinjiang Federation of Trade Unions | SPM |
| Liu Yuting (born 1956) |
刘玉亭 | — |
Han | Deputy Director, State Administration for Industry and Commerce | SPM |
| Liu Shiquan (born 1963) |
刘石泉 | — |
Han | Vice President, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation | — |
| Li Kang (born 1957) |
李康 | ♀ | Zhuang | Vice Chairman, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | SPM |
| Li Changping (born 1961) |
李昌平 | — |
Tibetan | Chairman, Sichuan Rural Work Commission | SPM |
| Yang Weize (born 1962) |
杨卫泽 | ♮ | Han | Secretary, Nanjing Municipal Committee (2012–2015) | SPM |
| Chen Zuoning (born 1957) |
陈左宁 | ♀ | Han | Vice President, Chinese Academy of Engineering | — |
| Abelmanjen, NurlanNurlan Abelmanjen (born 1962) |
努尔兰·阿不都满金 | — |
Kazakh | Chairman, Xinjiang People's Political Consultative Conference | PM |
| Lin Duo (born 1956) |
林铎 | — |
Han | Secretary, Liaoning Commission for Discipline Inspection (2014–) Secretary, Harbin Municipal Committee (2012–2014) |
SPM |
| Jin Zhuanglong (born 1964) |
金壮龙 | — |
Han | General Manager, Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China | — |
| Zhao Aiming (born 1961) |
赵爱明 | ♀ | Han | Head, Jiangxi Provincial Organization Department | SPM |
| Qin Yizhi (born 1965) |
秦宜智 | — |
Han | First Secretary, Communist Youth League | PM |
| Qin Yinhe (born 1951) |
秦银河 | § | Han | Deputy Director, General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army (2012–2014) | Lt. Gen. |
| Gao Jianguo (born 1954) |
高建国 | § | Han | Director, Shenyang Military Region Political Department | Lt. Gen. |
| Gao Jianbo (born 1960) |
郭剑波 | — |
Han | President, China Electric Power Research Institute | — |
| Huang Kunming (born 1956) |
黄坤明 | — |
Han | Executive Deputy Head, Propaganda Department | PM |
| Huang Xinchu (born 1957) |
黄新初 | — |
Han | Secretary, Chengdu Municipal Committee | SPM |
| Cao Shumin (born 1967) |
曹淑敏 | ♀ | Han | President, China Academy for Information and Communication Technology | — |
| Ge Huijun (born 1963) |
葛慧君 | ♀ | Han | Head, Zhejiang Provincial Propaganda Department | SPM |
| Zeng Wei (born 1956) |
曾维 | — |
Han | Secretary, Shenyang Municipal Committee | SPM |
| Yu Weiguo (born 1955) |
于伟国 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Fujian Provincial Committee (2013–2015) Governor of Fujian (2015–) |
SPM |
| Wang Ning (born 1955) |
王宁 | § | Han | Deputy Chief of General Staff, People's Liberation Army (2013–2014) Commander, People's Armed Police (2014–) |
Gen. |
| Wang Jun (born 1958) |
王军 | — |
Han | Director, State Administration of Taxation | PM |
| Wang Jian (born 1954) |
王健 | § | Han | Deputy Political Commissar, Beijing Military Region | Lt. Gen. |
| Lü Xiwen (born 1955) |
吕锡文 | ♮♀ | Han | Deputy Secretary, Beijing Municipal Committee (2013–2015) | SPM |
| Ruan Chengfa (born 1957) |
阮成发 | — |
Han | Secretary, Wuhan Municipal Committee | SPM |
| Li Xi (born 1956) |
李希 | — |
Han | Head, Shanghai Organization Department (2012–2014) Governor of Liaoning (2014–2015) Secretary, Liaoning Provincial Committee (2015–) |
PM |
| Li Qun (born 1962) |
李群 | — |
Han | Secretary, Qingdao Municipal Committee | SPM |
| Li Yunfeng (born 1957) |
李云峰 | — |
Han | Executive Vice Governor of Jiangsu | SPM |
| Li Guoying (born 1964) |
李国英 | — |
Han | Vice Minister of Water Resources (2012–2015) Deputy Secretary, Anhui Provincial Committee (2015–) |
SPM |
| Wu Manqing (born 1965) |
吴曼青 | — |
Han | President, China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology | — |
| Shen Suli (born 1958) |
沈素琍 | ♀ | Han | Head, Anhui United Front Department | SPM |
| Fan Changmi (born 1955) |
范长秘 | ₪§ | Han | Director, Lanzhou Military Region Political Department (2012–2014) | Lt. Gen. |
| Ouyang Jian (born 1957) |
欧阳坚 | — |
Bai | Deputy Secretary, Gansu Provincial Committee | SPM |
| Zhao Yupei (born 1954) |
赵玉沛 | — |
Han | President, Peking Union Medical College Hospital | — |
| Huang Lixin (born 1962) |
黄莉新 | ♀ | Han | Secretary, Nanjing Municipal Committee (2015–) | SPM |
| Gong Ke (born 1955) |
龚克 | — |
Han | President, Nankai University | SPM |
| Liang Liming (born 1961) |
梁黎明 | ♀ | Han | Vice Governor of Zhejiang | SPM |
| Dao Linyin (born 1959) |
刀林荫 | ♀ | Dai | Vice Chairman, Yunnan People's Congress | SPM |
| Ma Weiming (born 1960) |
马伟明 | § | Han | Professor, PLA Navy Engineering University | RADM |
| Wang Min (born 1956) |
王敏 | ♮ | Han | Secretary, Jinan Municipal Committee (2012–2014) | — |
| Wang Wentao (born 1964) |
王文涛 | — |
Han | Secretary, Nanchang Municipal Committee (2012–2015) Secretary, Jinan Municipal Committee (2015–) |
SPM |
| Niu Hongguang (born 1951) |
牛红光 | § | Han | Deputy Director, People's Liberation Army General Armaments Department | Lt. Gen. |
| Mao Chaofeng (born 1965) |
毛超峰 | — |
Han | Executive Vice Governor of Hainan (2015–) Secretary, Hainan Political and Legal Affairs Commission (2013–2015) |
SPM |
| Gongpo Tashi (born 1962) |
公保扎西 | — |
Tibetan | Head, Tibet United Front Department | SPM |
| Zhu Shanlu (born 1953) |
朱善璐 | — |
Han | Secretary, Peking University | SPM |
| Ren Hongbin (born 1963) |
任洪斌 | — |
Han | Chairman, Sinomach | — |
| Tang Tao (born 1962) |
汤涛 | — |
Han | Head, Shanxi Organization Department (2012–2015) Vice Minister of Human Resources and Social Security |
SPM |
| Li Jincheng (born 1963) |
李金城 | — |
Han | Vice-President, China Railway Construction Corporation Limited | — |
| Li Xiansheng (born 1954) |
李宪生 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Hainan Provincial Committee (2012–2014) | SPM |
| Li Peilin (born 1955) |
李培林 | — |
Han | Vice President, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences | SPM |
| Wu Zhenglong (born 1964) |
吴政隆 | — |
Han | Secretary, Taiyuan Municipal Committee (2014–) | SPM |
| Zhang Xiaoming (born 1963) |
张晓明 | — |
Han | Director, Liaison Office of the Central Government in Hong Kong | PM |
| Zhang Xiwu (born 1958) |
张喜武 | — |
Han | Deputy Director, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission | SPM |
| Zhang Ruimin (born 1949) |
张瑞敏 | — |
Han | Chief executive, Haier | — |
| Zhang Ruiqing (born 1955) |
张瑞清 | § | Han | Deputy Political Commissar, People's Armed Police | Lt. Gen. |
| Shang Yong (born 1957) |
尚勇 | — |
Han | Executive Vice President, China Association for Science and Technology (2015–) | — |
| Hu Heping (born 1962) |
胡和平 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Shaanxi Provincial Committee | SPM |
| Ni Yuefeng (born 1964) |
倪岳峰 | — |
Han | Secretary, Fujian Commission for Discipline Inspection | SPM |
| Yin Fanglong (born 1953) |
殷方龙 | § | Han | Deputy Director, People's Liberation Army General Political Department | Gen. |
| Cao Guangjing (born 1964) |
曹广晶 | — |
Han | Vice Governor of Hubei | SPM |
| Lei Chunmei (born 1959) |
雷春美 | ♀ | She | Head, Fujian United Front Department | SPM |
| Wang Yongchun (born 1960) |
王永春 | ♮ | Han | Vice President, China National Petroleum Corporation (2012–2013) | — |
| Xu Linping (born 1957) |
许林平 | § | Han | Deputy Commander, Nanjing Military Region | Lt. Gen. |
| Sun Jinlong (born 1962) |
孙金龙 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Hunan Provincial Committee | SPM |
| Jin Donghan (born 1961) |
金东寒 | — |
Han | Lead Engineer, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation | — |
| He Fuchu (born 1962) |
贺福初 | § | Han | President, Military Medicine Academy | Maj. Gen. |
| Xia Deren (born 1955) |
夏德仁 | — |
Han | Chairman, Liaoning People's Political Consultative Conference | PM |
| E Jingping (born 1956) |
鄂竟平 | — |
Han | Director, Office of the South-North Water Transfer Project | PM |
| Jiang Chaoliang (born 1957) |
蒋超良 | — |
Han | Governor of Jilin (2015–) Chairman, Agricultural Bank of China (2012–2014) |
— |
| Ma Zhengqi (born 1959) |
马正其 | — |
Han | Deputy Director, State Administration for Industry and Commerce | SPM |
| Shi Taifeng (born 1956) |
石泰峰 | — |
Han | Secretary, Suzhou Municipal Committee Deputy Secretary, Jiangsu Provincial Committee |
SPM |
| Li Yumei (born 1956) |
李玉妹 | ♀ | Han | Head, Guangdong Organization Department | SPM |
| Yang Hui (born 1963) |
杨晖 | § | Han | Chief of Staff, Nanjing Military Region | Lt. Gen. |
| Wu Changhai (born 1954) |
吴长海 | § | Han | Deputy Political Commissar, Nanjing Military Region | Lt. Gen. |
| Song Liping (born 1962) |
宋丽萍 | ♀ | Han | President and CEO, Shenzhen Stock Exchange | — |
| Zhang Yesui (born 1953) |
张业遂 | — |
Han | Secretary, Party Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs |
PM |
| Chen Run'er (born 1957) |
陈润儿 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Heilongjiang Provincial Committee | SPM |
| Jiang Jianqing (born 1953) |
姜建清 | — |
Han | Chairman, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | — |
| Mei Kebao (born 1957) |
梅克保 | — |
Han | Deputy Director, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine | SPM |
| Pan Yiyang (born 1961) |
潘逸阳 | ♮ | Han | Executive Vice Chairman, Inner Mongolia (2012–2014) | SPM |
| Ding Xuexiang (born 1962) |
丁薛祥 | — |
Han | Deputy Director, General Office of the Communist Party Chief of Staff to the General Secretary |
SPM |
| Ulan (born 1962) |
乌兰 | ♀ | Mongolian | Head, Inner Mongolia Propaganda Department | SPM |
| Sun Shougang (born 1965) |
孙守刚 | — |
Han | Head, Shandong Propaganda Department | SPM |
| Li Jia (born 1961) |
李佳 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Committee | SPM |
| Zhao Yong (born 1963) |
赵勇 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Hebei Provincial Committee | SPM |
| Xu Lejiang (born 1959) |
徐乐江 | — |
Han | Chairman, Baosteel | — |
| Cao Qing (born 1952) |
曹清 | § | Han | Deputy Commander, Beijing Military Region (2015–) Director, Central Guard Bureau (2012–2015) |
Lt. Gen. |
| Cai Zhenhua (born 1961) |
蔡振华 | — |
Han | Director, State General Administration of Sports President, Chinese Football Association |
PM |
| Wan Qingliang (born 1964) |
万庆良 | ♮ | Han | Secretary, Guangzhou Municipal Committee (2012–2014) | SPM |
| Yin Li (born 1962) |
尹力 | — |
Han | Deputy Secretary, Sichuan Provincial Committee (2015–2016) Governor of Sichuan (2016–) |
SPM |
| Du Jiahao (born 1955) |
杜家豪 | — |
Han | Governor of Hunan Deputy Secretary, Hunan Provincial Committee |
PM |
| Li Chuncheng (born 1956) |
李春城 | ♮ | Han | Deputy Secretary, Sichuan Provincial Committee (2012) | SPM |
| He Lifeng (born 1955) |
何立峰 | — |
Han | Deputy Director, National Development and Reform Commission | PM |
| Chen Gang (born 1966) |
陈刚 | — |
Han | Vice Mayor of Beijing | SPM |
| Wang Rong (born 1958) |
王荣 | — |
Han | Secretary, Shenzhen Municipal Committee (2012–2015) Chairman, Guangdong People's Political Consultative Conference (2015–) |
PM |
| Ji Lin (born 1962) |
吉林 | — |
Han | Chairman, Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference | PM |
| Liu Jian (born 1970) |
刘剑 | — |
Han | Secretary, Hami Prefecture Committee | DE |
| Li Bing (born 1949) |
李冰 | — |
Han | Vice President, China Writers Association | — |
| Zhang Xuan (born 1958) |
张轩 | ♀ | Han | Chairman, Chongqing People's Congress | PM |
| Hu Xiaolian (born 1958) |
胡晓炼 | ♀ | Han | Deputy Governor, People's Bank of China | SPM |
| Guo Mingyi (born 1958) |
郭明义 | — |
Han | Vice Chairman, All-China Federation of Trade Unions | SPM |
| Wang Xiaochu (born 1958) |
王晓初 | — |
Han | Chairman, China Telecom | — |
| Jiang Xiaojuan (born 1957) |
江小涓 | ♀ | Han | Deputy Secretary-General, State Council | SPM |
| Wang Hongzhang (born 1954) |
王洪章 | — |
Han | Chairman, China Construction Bank | — |
| Hu Huaibang (born 1955) |
胡怀邦 | — |
Han | Chairman, China Development Bank | — |
| Yi Xiaoguang (born 1958) |
乙晓光 | § | Han | Deputy Chief of General Staff, People's Liberation Army | Lt. Gen. |
| Qiu He (born 1957) |
仇和 | ♮ | Han | Deputy Secretary, Yunnan Provincial Committee (2012–2015) | SPM |
| Li Xiaopeng (born 1959) |
李小鹏 | — |
Han | Governor of Shanxi | PM |
Notes
- ↑ Prior to the 1980s, the composition of the Central Committee was essentially pre-determined by the party's top leaders.[3] However, beginning at the 13th Party Congress in 1987, the number of candidates standing for office had been increased to be greater than the number of seats available.[3] With this method, the candidates that receive the lowest confirmation votes in favour at a party congress would not be elected.[3]
- ↑ It is notable that Li Xiaopeng, the son of Li Peng, gathered the least amounts of votes of those elected to alternate membership, making him rank last on the alternate member list.[7] Li served as Governor of Shanxi during his term as an alternate member of the Central Commmitee.[7]
References
General
Plenary sessions, apparatus heads, ethnicity, the Central Committee member- and alternate membership, Politburo membership, Secretariat membership, Central Military Commission members, Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection membership, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, offices an individual held, retirement, if the individual in question is military personnel, female, has been expelled, is currently under investigation or has retired:
- "中共中央直属机构" [Agencies reporting directly to the CPC Central Committee]. People's Daily (in Chinese). Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- "List of members of the 18th CPC Central Committee". China Daily. 14 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- "List of alternate members of 18th CPC Central Committee". Xinhua News Agency. 14 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- Yi, Yang, ed. (23 October 2014). "Highlights of communique of 4th plenary session of CPC Central Committee". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- "令计划涉嫌严重违纪正接受组织调查" [Ling Jihua accused of serious violation of discipline and is under organizational investigation] (in Chinese). Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China. 22 December 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- Ranade, Jayadeva (December 2012). "Contemporary China: CCP, Army and the 18th Central Committee". Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- "Xi Jinping elected general secretary of CPC Central Committee". China Daily. Xinhua News Agency. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- "List of Political Bureau members of 18th CPC Central Committee". China Daily. Xinhua News Agency. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- "List of members of 18th CPC Central Committee Secretariat". Xinhua News Agency. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- "List of chairman, vice chairmen, members of CPC Central Military Commission". Xinhua News Agency. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- "List of secretary, deputy secretaries, Standing Committee members of CPC discipline commission". Xinhua News Agency. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- "List of members of CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection". Xinhua News Agency. 14 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- "Browse Institutions: All Categories: Political Parties and Movements: Communist Party of China (CPC): CPC, Central Committee". China Vitae. Retrieved 5 July 2015. Note: For information on individual members (such as work history, birthdate, or ethnicity), press on their names (which will lead you to a page devoted to that specific individual).
- "Database of CPC and government executives". People's Daily (in Chinese). Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Retrieved 8 July 2015. Note: For information on individual members (such as work history, birthdate, or ethnicity), search their name (in Chinese) and you will be transported directly to a page devoted to them.
Bibliography
Articles and journals:
- Doyon, Jerome; Winckler, Hugo (2014). "The Fourth Plenum, Party Officials and Local Courts" (PDF). China Brief (Jamestown Foundation) XIV (22): 17–20.
- Lam, Willy (30 November 2012). "Communist Youth League Clique Maintains Clout Despite Congress Setback" (PDF). China Brief (Jamestown Foundation) XII (23): 2–4.
- Staff writers (21 December 2012). "The China Rising Leaders Project, Part 2: Outcomes of the Chinese Communist Party’s 18th National Congress" (PDF). U.S.–China Economic and Security Review Commission Staff Research Report: 1–28.
Specific
- 1 2 3 4 National Congress of the Communist Party of China (14 November 2012). "Constitution of the Communist Party of China". Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- ↑ Staff writers 2012, p. 10.
- 1 2 3 Wu, Wei (15 September 2014). "选举制度改革：十三大后的探索" [Reform of the Electoral System: The Reforms of the 13th National Congress]. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- 1 2 Staff writers 2012, p. 11.
- ↑ "Nearly half of CPC Central Committee members are newcomers". China Daily. Xinhua News Agency. 14 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 Lam 2012, p. 3.
- 1 2 3 Lam 2012, p. 4.
- ↑ Staff writer (27 February 2013). "China's cabinet to reform departmental system". Global Times. People's Daily. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- ↑ An, ed. (15 November 2013). "China issues detailed reform roadmap". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 Lu, Hui, ed. (15 November 2013). "Xi explains China's reform plan". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 Yi, Yang, ed. (23 October 2014). "CPC key meeting lays down major tasks for advancing "rule of law"". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- 1 2 Doyon & Winckler 2014, pp. 17–20.
- ↑ "观察：中共十八届五中全会的两大议题". BBC.
- ↑ "十八届五中全会会议公报全文发布". Central Committee of the Communist Party of China via Sina. October 30, 2015.
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