1849 in the United Kingdom

1849 in the United Kingdom:
Other years
1847 \| 1848 \| 1849 \| 1850 \| 1851
Sport
1849 English cricket season

Events from the year 1849 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

Monarch — Victoria
Prime Minister — Lord John Russell (Liberal)

Events

13 January — Second Anglo-Sikh War: British forces retreat from the Battle of Chillianwala.
22 January — Second Anglo-Sikh War: The city of Multan falls to the British East India Company following the Siege of Multan.
February–May — Shareholder enquiries into the conduct of railway financier George Hudson begin his downfall
1 February — Abolition of the Corn Laws by the Importation Act 1846 comes fully into effect.
21 February — Second Anglo-Sikh War: British victory at the Battle of Gujarat.
1 March — Nathaniel Cook registers the design of the Staunton chess set, which is first marketed in September by Jaques of London with an endorsement by Howard Staunton.
3 March — The Arana-Southern Treaty with the Argentine Confederation ends British involvement in the Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata.
29 March — The United Kingdom annexes the Punjab.
21 April — Great Famine (Ireland): 96 inmates of the overcrowded Ballinrobe Union Workhouse die over the course of the preceding week from illness and other famine-related conditions, a record high. This year's potato crop again fails and there are renewed outbreaks of cholera.^[1]
May — First exhibition of paintings by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in London: John Everett Millais' Isabella and Holman Hunt's Rienzi at the Royal Academy summer exhibition, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Girlhood of Mary Virgin at the Free Exhibition on Hyde Park Corner.
19 May — Irishman William Hamilton arrested after shooting blank shots at Queen Victoria on Constitution Hill, London.^[2]
2–12 August — Visit of Queen Victoria to Cork, Dublin and Belfast.^[3]
9 August — "The Bermondsey Horror": Marie Manning and her husband, Frederick, murder Patrick O'Connor in London. On 13 November they are hanged together publicly by William Calcraft at Horsemonger Lane Gaol for the crime.^[4]
13 December — Foundation stone of Llandovery College is laid.
17 December — The customer, probably Edward Coke, collects the first bowler hat (devised by London hatmakers Thomas and William Bowler) from hatters Lock & Co. of St James's.^[5]

Undated

Navigation Acts repealed.^[6]
Two shilling coin (florin), depicting the Queen crowned, introduced, partly to test public opinion on possible decimalization of the currency.^[7]
Bedford College (London) founded by Elizabeth Jesser Reid as the Ladies College in Bedford Square, a non-sectarian higher education institution to provide a liberal female education.
The drapers' store of Arthur & Fraser, predecessor of the House of Fraser, is established in Glasgow by Hugh Fraser and James Arthur.^[8]

Ongoing

Second cholera pandemic (1849–51) affects London (14,137 deaths), Liverpool (5,308), Hull (1,834), Wales and Scotland.

Publications

Charlotte Brontë's novel Shirley (published as by Currer Bell).
Thomas De Quincey's essay The English Mail-Coach (in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, October–December).
Charles Dickens' novel David Copperfield begins serialisation (May).
J. A. Froude’s controversial novel of religious doubt The Nemesis of Faith.^[9]^[10]^[11]
John Ruskin's essay The Seven Lamps of Architecture (May).
Notes and Queries first published (November).
Who's Who first published.

Births

13 February — Lord Randolph Churchill, statesman (died 1895)
11 July — Francis Russell, son to the serving Prime Minister
24 November — Frances Hodgson Burnett, author (died 1924)
29 November — John Ambrose Fleming, electrical engineer and inventor (died 1945)

Deaths

19 February — Bernard Barton, poet (born 1784)
22 May — Maria Edgeworth, novelist (born 1767)
25 May — Benjamin d'Urban, general and colonial administrator (born 1777)
28 May — Anne Brontë, author (born 1820)
12 July — Horace Smith, author (born 1779)
6 September — Edward Stanley, Bishop of Norwich (born 1779)
2 December — Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen of William IV (born 1792)
12 December — Marc Isambard Brunel, engineer (born 1769, France)

References

↑ Ross, David (2002). Ireland: History of a Nation (New ed.). New Lanark: Geddes & Grosset. p. 313. ISBN 1842051644.
↑ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
↑ Connolly, Sean (2008). "Queen Victoria in Ireland, August 1849". Irish History Live. Queen's University Belfast. Retrieved 2012-08-05.
↑ Borowitz, Albert (1981). The Woman Who Murdered Black Satin: The Bermondsey Horror. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. ISBN 0-8142-0320-5.
↑ Bloxham, Andy (2010-10-05). "Bowler hat makes a comeback". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 2013-05-10.
↑ Cates, William L. R. (1863). The Pocket Date Book. Chapman and Hall.
↑ "The Story of the Florin or Two Shilling Piece". Blackpool: Chard. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
↑ "House of Fraser archive project" (PDF).
↑ Paul, Herbert (1906). The Life of Froude. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 47–48.
↑ Willey, Basil (1956). "J. A. Froude". More Nineteenth Century Studies: a Group of Honest Doubters. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 131.
↑ Ashton, Rosemary (1989). "Doubting Clerics: From James Anthony Froude to Robert Elsmere via George Eliot". In Jasper & Wright. The Critical Spirit and the Will to Believe. New York: St. Martins. p. 76.

Years in the United Kingdom

Years in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926

Years in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1849 in Europe

Sovereign states	Andorra Austria Baden Belgium Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Ottoman Empire Papal States Portugal Prussia Russia San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom

Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Malta

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