1834

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1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Julian calendar, the 1834th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 834th year of the 2nd millennium, the 34th year of the 19th century, and the 5th year of the 1830s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1834 is 12 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

Zollverein and German Unification

The Buxton Memorial Fountain in London, celebrating the emancipation of slaves.

January–March

• January 1 – Zollverein: Customs charges are abolished at borders within Germany.
• January 3 – The government of Mexico imprisons Stephen F. Austin in Mexico City.
• February – Robert Owen organizes the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union in the United Kingdom.
• March 6 – York, Upper Canada, is incorporated as Toronto.
• March 11 – United States Survey of the Coast transferred to the Department of the Navy.
• March 14 – John Herschel discovers the open cluster of stars now known as NGC 3603, observing from the Cape of Good Hope.^[1]
• March 28 – Andrew Jackson is censured by the United States Congress (expunged in 1837).
• March 19 – Founding of Cavendish Villa Football Club.

April–June

• April 14 – The Whig Party is officially named by United States Senator Henry Clay.
• May 19 – Peasants' Revolt in Egyptian-ruled Palestine opens (suppressed in August).
• June 7 – Greek independence: General Theodoros Kolokotronis is sentenced to death for treason for resisting the rule of Otto of Greece (he is released the following year).
• June 10 – British philosopher Thomas Carlyle moves to Cheyne Row (Carlyle's House) in London.

July–September

• July 7–10 – Anti-abolitionist riots in New York City.
• July 15 – The Spanish Inquisition, which began in the 15th century, is suppressed by royal decree.
• July 16 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne succeeds Earl Grey as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• July 24 – The Liberal Wars end in Portugal.
• July 29 – Office of Indian Affairs organized in the United States.
• August 1 – Slavery is abolished in the British Empire by the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
• August 11–12 – Ursuline Convent riots: A convent of Ursuline nuns is burned near Boston.
• August 12 – In the Empire of Brazil, the Additional Act provides for establishment of the Provincial Legislative Assembly; extinction of the State Council; replacement of the Regency Trina; and introduction of a direct and secret ballot.
• August 14 – The Poor Law Amendment Act in the United Kingdom states that no able-bodied British man can receive assistance unless he enters a workhouse (a kind of poorhouse).
• August 15 – The South Australia Act allows for the creation of a colony there.
• September 13 – The Gleaner newspaper first published in Jamaica.

October–December

• October 16 – The Palace of Westminster is destroyed by fire.
• December 3 – The Zollverein institutes the first regular census in Germany. The population is 23,478,120.
• December 10 – Sir Robert Peel succeeds Lord Melbourne as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• December 11 – The Sixth Xhosa War is characterized by severe clashes between white settlers and Bantu peoples in Cape Colony; Dutch-speaking settlers colonize the area north of Orange River.

Date unknown

• A pro-republic uprising fails in Piedmont; one of the activists is Giuseppe Garibaldi.
• The British East India Company monopoly on China trade ends.
• Athens becomes Greece's capital city.
• Medical School of Louisiana is founded, later to become Tulane University in New Orleans.
• Charles Babbage begins the conceptual design of the "Analytical Engine", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer. It will not be built in his lifetime.^[2][3]
• Thomas Davenport, the inventor of the first American DC electrical motor, installs his motor in a small model car, creating one of the first electric cars.
• The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina.^[4]
• The Romanian language is banned in schools and government facilities in Bessarabia.^[5]

Births

January–June

• January 7 – Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist and inventor (d. 1874)
• January 15 – Samuel Arza Davenport, American politician (d. 1911)
• January 17 – August Weismann, German evolutionary biologist (d. 1914)
• January 20 – Piet Joubert, Boer politician and military commander (d. 1900)
• February 6 – Edwin Klebs, German-Swiss pathologist who discovered Diphtheria (d. 1913)
• February 8 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (d. 1907)
• February 9 – Felix Dahn, German author (d. 1912)
• February 16 – Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist and philosopher (d. 1919)
• February 19 – Charles Davis Lucas, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1914)
• February 27 – Charles C. Carpenter, American admiral (d. 1899)
• March 16 – James Hector, Scottish geologist (d. 1907)

Gottlieb Daimler.

• March 17 – Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer and inventor (d. 1900)
• March 20 – Charles W. Eliot, American President of Harvard University (d. 1926)
• March 23 – Julius Reubke, German composer (d. 1858)
• March 24
  • John Wesley Powell, American explorer (d. 1902)
  • William Morris, English poet and artist (d. 1896)
• April 1 – Big Jim Fisk, American entrepreneur (d. 1872)
• April 2 – Frédéric Bartholdi, French sculptor (d. 1904)
• April 26 – Artemus Ward, American humorist (d. 1867)
• May 23 – Carl Heinrich Bloch, Danish sculptor (d. 1890)
• June 19 – Charles Spurgeon, English Baptist preacher (d. 1892)

July–December

• July 2 – Hendrick Peter Godfried Quack, Dutch economist and historian (d. 1917)
• July 11 – James McNeill Whistler, American painter and etcher (d. 1903)
• July 19 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• August 4 – John Venn, British mathematician (d. 1923)
• August 22 – Samuel Pierpont Langley, American astronomer, physicist, and aeronautics pioneer (d. 1906)
• August 31 – Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer (d. 1886)
• September 9 – Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English novelist (d. 1903)
• September 17 – Robert Simpson (merchant), Scottish-Canadian businessman (d. 1897)
• October 6 – Walter Kittredge, American composer (d. 1905)
• November 8 – Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner, German astrophysicist (d. 1882)
• November 19 – Georg Hermann Quincke, German physicist (d. 1924)
• November 21 – Hetty Green, American businesswoman (d. 1916)
• December 16 – Léon Walras, French economist (d. 1910)

Deaths

January–June

• January 12 – William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1759)
• January 17 – Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist (b. 1762)
• February 2 – Lorenzo Dow, American minister (b. 1777)
• February 12 – Friedrich Schleiermacher, German theologian (b. 1768)
• February 23 – Karl Ludwig von Knebel, German poet (b. 1744)
• March 2 – José Cecilio del Valle, first President of Central America (b. 1780)
• March 30 – Rudolph Ackermann, Anglo-German entrepreneur (b. 1764)
• April 5 – Vice-Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin Keats, Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1757)
• April 10 – John 'Merino' MacArthur, Australian farmer (b. 1767)
• April 11 – John 'Mad Jack' Fuller, English philanthropist and patron of the arts and sciences (b. 1757)
• April 29 – Grigore IV Ghica, prince of Wallachia (b. 1755)
• May 20 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, French nobleman and soldier (b. 1757)

July–December

• July 12 – David Douglas, Scottish botanist (b. 1799)
• July 14 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution (b. 1763)
• July 19 – Károly Hadaly, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1743)
• July 25 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English writer (b. 1772)
• August 1 – Robert Morrison, British Protestant missionary to China (b. 1782)
• August 7 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor (b. 1752)
• August 17 – Husein Gradaščević, Bosnian rebel leader (b. 1802)
• September 2 – Thomas Telford, Scottish engineer (b. 1757)
• September 5 – Thomas Lee, English architect (b. 1794)
• September 9 – James Weddell, Antarctic explorer (b. 1787)
• September 16 – William Blackwood, Scottish writer (b. 1776)
• September 24 – Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (b. 1798)
• October 8 – François-Adrien Boieldieu, French composer (b. 1775)
• October 11 – William Napier, 9th Lord Napier, British Navy officer, politician and diplomat (b. 1786)
• December 23 – Thomas Malthus, English economist and political philosopher (b. 1766)
• December 27 – Charles Lamb, English essayist (b. 1775)
• December 31 – João Batista Gonçalves Campos, Intellectual leader of the Cabanagem, social revolt in the vice-Kingdom of Grão-Pará, Brazil (b. 1782)

References