868th Tactical Missile Training Squadron
| 868th Tactical Missile Training Squadron | |
|---|---|
|
868th TMTS training launch from the Transporter-Erector-Launcher (TEL) of a BGM-109G Gryphon ground launched cruise missile at the Utah Test and Training Range, Dungway, November 1982. | |
| Active | 1943-1945; 1958-1962; 1981-1990 |
| Country |
 United States |
| Branch |
 United States Air Force |
| Type | Squadron |
| Role | Aerodynamic Cruise Missile Training |
| Engagements |
 World War II (Asia-Pacific Theater) |
| Decorations |
 Distinguished Unit Citation |
| Insignia | |
| 868th Tactical Missile Training Squadron emblem |
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The 868th Tactical Missile Training Squadron is an inactive unit of the United States Air Force. Its last assignment was with the 868th Tactical Missile Training Group, stationed at Davis Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona. It was inactivated on 31 May 1990.
History
World War II
Originally a B-24 Liberator bomber squadron in the Pacific Theater of World War II, assigned directly to Headquarters, Thirteenth Air Force. The squadron was equipped with radar equipped Liberators (unofficially designated as the SB-24 "Snooper") with an extra crew member to operate the SCR-717 10 cm radar; the SCR-729 aircraft radar beacon and a number of other specialized devices. The mission of the squadron was for low level, anti-shipping strikes under the cover of darkness. They had this capability because the radar-sighting devices permitted operation of the bomb-release mechanism irrespective of visual sighting of the target.
The 868th Bombardment Squadron flew its special radar-equipped SB-24 Snoopers nightly from 8 to 27 August 1943 on 1900 mile round trips from Los Negros Island to bomb Palau. By 23 August, Wadke Island was operational and the 5th and 307th Bombardment Groups started day light B-24 missions over Palau. Between 25 August and 4 September, nine missions dropped over 600 tons of bombs. Major damage occurred throughout Palau, but at a cost: seven B-24’s did not return. An enemy fighter shot down one and AAA shot down at least three others over Babeldaob and adjacent Koror; these four were reported to have crashed within sight of the islands. Parachutes from two B-24’s were seen by wingmen and at least two crewmembers were later recorded as captured. The remaining B-24’s fell into deep water outside the Palau Islands.
By March 1944, the Japanese ceased sending shipping convoys to the Solomons area and the 868th Bombardment Squadron was out of a job and were subsequently used as pathfinders for high-altitude bombers. Special missions were flown against land targets at night and one of the intentions was to prevent the Japanese from sleeping just as the Japanese “Washing Machine Charlie” did against the United States Marines on Guadalcanal.
They participated in the destruction of Truk in April 1944. In August 1944 they conducted nightly 1100 mile two-plane attacks from Los Negroes to the Palaus in the Dutch East Indies. Ten B-24 "Snoopers" of the 868th Bomb Squadron struck Soerabaja, Java, on 7 May, flying a total distance of 2660 statute miles, in 17 hours and 40 minutes, one of the longest flights ever made by B-24 aircraft in combat formation. Seven "Snoopers" shattered their own record soon after by flying a strike against Batavia, Java, 3 June 1945; they flew in formation from Palawan to Batavia and return to cover a distance of 3000 statute miles, in 18 hours and 40 minutes. A measure of success was achieved in both strikes against Java; in each case, the Japanese were taken by surprise and shipping in the harbors was left either sunk or damaged.
From October 1944 through V-J Day, the "Snoopers" accounted for 119 ships totaling more than 62,000 tons sunk, 31 ships totaling 38,000 tons probably sunk, and 322 ships totaling 110,000 tons damaged. This included a 600 foot, 13,000 ton aircraft carrier, probably sunk in March 1945. Starting August 7, 1945 the "Snoopers" were flying strikes from Yontan Airfield, Okinawa. They flew as far as Genzan in Korea and Japan's Kyushu Island.
On August 7, 1945 the last "Snooper" to be lost in action also became the only American plane downed on Korean soil.
Cold War
During the Cold War, became a MGM-1 Matador Tactical Missile squadron. Formed at Orlando AFB, Florida, as part of Ninth Air Force, Tactical Air Command in 1955. Trained in Florida until deployed to Pacific Air Forces Thirteenth Air Force. Lead elements of the squadron began deploying to Tainan Air Base, Taiwan, in May 1957 with conventional warheads on missiles, main squadron in November when W-5 warheads were available, and the official reassignment to PACAF on 1 February 1958.
Upon arrival at Tainan, squadron was supported by the creation of Detachment 2 of the 6200th Air Base Wing, which was also known as the "Tainan Air Base Group". The support group went through renumbering almost as often as the missile squadrons and on August 18, 1958 the unit’s name was changed to the 6214th Air Base Group.
The 17th TMS was re-designated as the 868th Tactical Missile Squadron in June 1958. The squadron was assigned to Taiwan as part of their first Quick Strike commitment, and stood vigilant alert duty assigned to the Taiwan Straits until inactivated in March 1962.
During the 1980s, became a training squadron for the BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM).
During preparations to fire drones into Iraqi air defences in 1990-91, the group was utilised to assist in the launch of BGM-74s and Navy ADM-141 TALDs from King Khalid and Ar'ar into Iraq. Personnel under the direction of Colonel Douglas Livingston were despatched to Saudi Arabia, as the group represented the little Air Force expertise that was available on ground-launched missiles. (Gordon and Trainor, The Generals' War, 1995, 113-114.)
Inactivated as a result of the INF Treaty in May 1990.
Lineage
- Constituted 868th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 30 July 1943
- Activated on 1 August 1943
- Inactivated on 18 December 1945
- Established as 17th Tactical Missile Squadron, and activated 5 September 1955
- Re-designated 868th Tactical Missile Squadron on 17 June 1958
- Organized on 8 July 1958
- Discontinued, and inactivated, on 25 March 1962
- Re-designated 868th Tactical Missile Training Squadron and activated on 1 July 1981
- Inactivated on 31 May 1990 resulting from INF treaty
Assignments
- Thirteenth Air Force, 1 August 1943
- Far East Air Service Command, 8 October 1945
- Seventh Air Force, 29 October 1945
- VII Bomber Command, 1–18 December 1945
- Ninth Air Force, 5 September 1955
- Thirteenth Air Force, 17 June 1958
- 6214th Air Base (later Tactical Missile) Group, 18 August 1958 – 25 March 1962
- Twelfth Air Force, 1 July 1981
- 868th Tactical Missile Training Group, 1 October 1985 – 31 May 1990 inactivated due to INF Treaty
Stations
- Munda Airfield, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, 1 August 1943
- Momote Airfield, Los Negros, Admiralty Islands, 20 March 1944
- Kornasoren Airfield, Noemfoor, Schouten Islands, c. 29 August 1944
- Wama Airfield, Morotai, Netherlands East Indies, 22 March 1945
- Undetermined location, Leyte, Philippines, 3 July 1945
- Yontan Airfield, Okinawa, 29 July-29 November 1945}
- Fort Lewis, Washington, 17–18 December 1945
- Orlando AFB, Florida, 5 September 1955
- Tainan Air Station, Taiwan, 17 June 1958 – 25 March 1962
- Davis Monthan AFB, Arizona, 1 July 1981 – 31 May 1990
Aircraft and Missiles
- B-24 Liberator, 1944–1945
- MGM-1 Matador, 1955–1962
- BGM-109 Tomahawk, 1981–1990
See also
References
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
External links
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