1653

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February 2: New Amsterdam.

Taj Mahal mausoleum is completed.

1653 (MDCLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday (dominical letter B) of the Julian calendar, the 1653rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 653rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 53rd year of the 17th century, and the 4th year of the 1650s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1653 is 10 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

January–June

• January–June – Swiss peasant war.
• February 2 – New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated.
• February 3 – Cardinal Mazarin returns to Paris from exile.
• March 14 – Battle of Leghorn: A Dutch fleet defeats the English; the Dutch commander, Johan van Galen, later dies of his wounds.
• April 20 – Oliver Cromwell expels the Rump Parliament in England.
• May 31 – Ferdinand IV is elected King of the Romans.
• June 12–13 – First Anglo-Dutch War – Battle of the Gabbard: The English navy defeats the Dutch fleet, which loses 17 ships.

July–December

• July 4–December 12 – Barebone's Parliament meets in London.
• July 8 – John Thurloe becomes Cromwell's head of intelligence.
• August 8–10 – Battle of Scheveningen: The final naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch War is fought, between the fleets of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces off the Texel; the English navy gains a tactical victory over the Dutch fleet.
• November – John Casor leaves Anthony Johnson's farm after claiming his contract of indenture had expired.
• December 16 – Instrument of Government in England: Britain's first written constitution, under which Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland,^[1][2] being advised by a remodelled English Council of State. This is the start of The First Protectorate, bringing an end to the first period of republican government in the country, the Commonwealth of England.

Date unknown

• Marcello Malpighi becomes a doctor of medicine.
• Stephen Bachiler returns to England.
• The Taj Mahal mausoleum is completed at Agra.
• Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg reconfirms the nobility's freedom from taxation and its unlimited control over the peasants.

Births

• January 6 – Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg (d. 1707)
• January 10 – Caspar Herman Hausmann (d. 1718)
• January 11 – Anthony Günther, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, German prince (d. 1714)
• January 11 – Paolo Alessandro Maffei (d. 1716)
• January 14 – Robert Price (judge), British judge and politician (d. 1733)
• January 16 – Johann Conrad Brunner, Swiss anatomist (d. 1727)
• January 24 – Dom Jacques Alexandre, French Benedictine (d. 1734)
• January 31 – William Tempest (politician), Member of Parliament (d. 1700)
• January 31 – Anna Catherine of Nassau-Ottweiler, Wild and Rhinegravine of Salm-Dhaun by marriage (d. 1731)
• February 12 – Giovanni Francesco Grossi, Italian opera singer (d. 1697)
• February 17 – Arcangelo Corelli, Italian composer (d. 1713)
• February 22 – Martín de Ursúa, Spanish conquistador (d. 1715)
• February 22 – Elisabeth Johanna of Veldenz, Wild and Rhinegravine of Salm-Kyrburg (d. 1718)
• February 22 – Vidal Marín del Campo, Grand Inquisitor (d. 1709)
• March 1 – Jean-Baptiste-Henri de Valincour, French classical scholar (d. 1730)
• March 1 – Pacificus of San Severino, Italian saint (d. 1721)
• March 8 – Goodwin Wharton, British politician (d. 1704)
• March 10 – John Kettlewell, English clergyman (d. 1695)
• March 10 – John Benbow, Royal Navy Admiral (d. 1702)
• March 21 – John Hampden (1653–1696), English politician (d. 1696)
• March 24 – Joseph Sauveur, French mathematician (d. 1716)
• April 2 – Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (d. 1708)
• April 2 – Egidio Quinto, Catholic bishop (d. 1722)
• April 6 – Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (d. 1728)
• April 19 – William Sewel, Dutch historian (d. 1720)
• April 25 – Benedetto Pamphili, Italian cardinal, patron of the arts, composer and librettist (d. 1730)
• April 25 – Sir John Bowyer, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1691)
• May 3 – Archibald Douglas, 1st Earl of Forfar, Scottish peer (d. 1712)
• May 8 – Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Marshal of France (d. 1734)
• May 21 – Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Poland (d. 1697)
• May 21 – Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard, English politician and peer (d. 1723)
• May 22 – Peter Gott, English politician (d. 1712)
• May 30 – Claudia Felicitas of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1676)
• June 1 – Georg Muffat, German composer and organist (d. 1704)
• June 11 – Gaspar de la Cerda, 8th Count of Galve (d. 1697)
• June 12 – Maria Amalia of Courland, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1711)
• June 16 – James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon, English nobleman (d. 1699)
• June 20 – Richard Maitland, 4th Earl of Lauderdale, Scottish politician (d. 1695)
• June 26 – Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV of France (d. 1743)
• June 28 – Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal emperor (d. 1707)
• July 4 – Sir Walter Clarges, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1706)
• July 5 – Thomas Pitt, British Governor of Madras (d. 1726)
• July 11 – Sarah Good (d. 1692)
• August 9 – John Oldham, English poet (d. 1683)
• August 10 – Louis-Guillaume Pécour, French dancer and choreographer (d. 1729)
• August 14 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (d. 1688)
• August 15 – Johann Friedrich Gleditsch, book publisher (d. 1716)
• August 18 – Julius Siegmund, Duke of Württemberg-Juliusburg (d. 1684)
• August 28 – Jesper Swedberg, Swedish hymnwriter (d. 1735)
• September 1 – Johann Pachelbel, German organist and composer (d. 1706)
• September 3 – Roger North, English lawyer and biographer (d. 1734)
• September 4 – Henry Wise (gardener), English gardener (d. 1738)
• September 8 – Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1731)
• September 8 – Fuquan (prince), Chinese Qing Dynasty prince (d. 1703)
• September 17 – Sir Henry Monson, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1718)
• October 1 – Sir George Speke, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1683)
• October 8 – Michel Baron, French actor (d. 1729)
• October 10 – Anton Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt (d. 1716)
• October 18 – Abraham van Riebeeck, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1713)
• November 11 – Carlo Ruzzini, Doge of Venice (d. 1735)
• November 14 – Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier, Catholic bishop (d. 1727)
• November 19 – Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (d. 1694)
• November 26 – Empress Xiaochengren, Qing Dynasty empress (d. 1674)
• November 29 – Thomas Cromwell, 3rd Earl of Ardglass, English nobleman (d. 1682)
• December 3 – Giovanni Battista Tolomei, Italian Jesuit priest, theologian and cardinal (d. 1726)
• December 26 – Johann Conrad Peyer, Swiss anatomist (d. 1712)
• December 28 – Mary Howard, of the Holy Cross, English nun of the Poor Clares (d. 1735)
• date unknown
  • Chikamatsu Monzaemon, Japanese playwright (d. 1725)
  • Rahman Baba, legendary Afghan Pashto Sufi poet (d. 1711)
  • Johann Pachelbel, German Composer (d. 1706)

Deaths

• January 16 – John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol, English diplomat (b. 1580)
• February 20 – Luigi Rossi, Italian composer (b. 1597)
• March 23 – Johan van Galen, Dutch naval officer (b. 1604)
• May 26 – Robert Filmer, English writer (b. 1588)
• July 10 – Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (b. 1600)
• July 31 – Thomas Dudley, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1576)
• August 10 – Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1598)
• October 3 – Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch scholar (b. 1612)
• date unknown – Artemisia Gentileschi, Roman artist

References