1599

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William Shakespeare.

The Globe Theatre (rebuilt copy from the 20th century).

1599 (MDXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (dominical letter C) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Julian calendar, the 1599th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 599th year of the 2nd millennium, the 99th year of the 16th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1590s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1599 is 10 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.

Events

January–June

• January 8 – The Jesuit educational plan known as the Ratio Studiorum is issued.
• March 12 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by Queen Elizabeth I of England.
• April 23 – The Earl of Essex arrives in Dublin at the head of 16,000 troops, the largest army ever seen in Ireland.
• May 29 – Essex takes Cahir Castle, supposedly the strongest in Ireland, after a short siege.
• June 20 – The Synod of Diamper is convened.

July–December

• July 24 – The Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa is dethroned by his uncle Duke Charles, who takes over as regent of the realm until 1604, when he becomes King Charles IX.
• August 15 – First Battle of Curlew Pass: Irish forces defeat the English.
• September 21 – The first reported performance at the Globe Theatre in London (erected over Spring/Summer), a presentation of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar (probably new this year), is recorded by Swiss traveller Thomas Platter the Younger.
• September 28 – The Earl of Essex arrives back in England, disobeying the Queen's strict orders.
• October 18 – Battle of Sellenberk: Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia, defeats the army of Andrew Báthory near Șelimbăr, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanians.
• November – Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602): A Persian embassy arrives in Moscow.

Date unknown

• The forces of Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo and his ally Min Razagyi of the Kingdom of Mrauk U end the First Toungoo Empire by capturing Pegu (modern-day Bago, Burma).
• The first Capuchin friar is entombed in the Capuchin catacombs of Palermo.
• A Dutch fleet returns to Amsterdam, carrying 600,000 pounds of pepper and 250,000 pounds of cloves and nutmeg.
• The Italian city of Pompeii is rediscovered more than 1500 years after its burial following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79.

Births

• February 13 – Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667)
• March 22 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (d. 1641)
• March 28 – Witte Corneliszoon de With, Dutch naval officer (d. 1658)
• April 25 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d. 1658)
• June 6 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (d. 1660)
• August 12 – Sir William Curtius FRS, German magistrate, English baronet; official resident of the English Crown in the Holy Roman Empire, d. (1678).
• August 14 – Méric Casaubon, English classicist (d. 1671)
• September 20 – Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, German Protestant military leader (d. 1626)
• September 25 – Francesco Borromini, Swiss sculptor and architect (d. 1667)
• October 31 – Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles, English statesman and writer (d. 1680)
• November 11 – Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (d. 1656)
• date unknown
  • John Alden, English settler of Plymouth Colony (d. 1687)
  • Robert Blake, English admiral (d. 1657)
  • Stefan Czarniecki, Polish military commander (d. 1665)
  • Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English socialite (d. 1660)

Deaths

• January 13 – Edmund Spenser, English poet (b. 1552)
• January 22 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian composer (b. 1547)
• February 8 – Robert Rollock, first principal of the university of Edinburgh (b. 1555)
• April 10 – Gabrielle d'Estrées, mistress of King Henry IV of France (b. 1571)
• April 14 – Henry Wallop, English statesman (b. c. 1540)
• April 27 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1538)
• June 14 – Kōriki Masanaga, Japanese military commander (b. 1558)
• July 11 – Chosokabe Motochika, Sengoku Period Daiymo
• August – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (b. 1565)
• August 22
  • Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman who conspired to kill her father (b. 1577)
  • Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (b. 1553)
• November 7 – Gasparo Tagliacozzi, Italian surgeon (b. 1546)
• November 8 – Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1528)
• December 14 – Joan Boyle, first wife of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork (b. 1568)
• After December 18 – Minye Kyawswa II of Ava, Burmese defecting crown prince of the Toungoo Empire (killed by invading forces) (b. 1567)
• date unknown
  • Kwon Yul, Korean military commander (b. 1537)
  • Chand Bibi, Indian woman warrior (by her own troops) (b. 1550)

References