1300s (decade)

This is a list of events occurring in the 1300s, ordered by year.

1300

January–December

• February 22 – The Jubilee of Pope Boniface VIII is celebrated. It is at this celebration that Giovanni Villani decides to write his universal history of Florence, the Cronica.
• March 10 – Wardrobe accounts of King Edward I of England (aka Edward Longshanks) include a reference to a game called creag being played at the town of Newenden in Kent. It is generally agreed that creag was an early form of cricket (see also History of cricket to 1696).
• June 15 – The city of Bilbao receives a royal foundation charter.

Date unknown

• Money from Florence, Italy becomes the first international currency.
• Philip IV of France begins his attempt to annex Flanders.
• Wenceslas II of Bohemia becomes King of Poland.
• A census in Imperial China finds that it has roughly 60 million inhabitants.
• The Tuareg establish a state centered on Agadez.
• Amsterdam is officially declared a city.
• Jacob ben Machir is appointed dean of the medical school at Montpellier.
• Aztec culture starts in Mesoamerica (approximate date).
• The Dulcinian sect begins when Gherardo Segarelli, founder of the Apostolic Brethren, is burned at the stake in Parma during a brutal repression of the Apostolics

1301

• January 14 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary.
• February 7 – Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales.
• March 3 – Emperor Go-Nijō succeeds Emperor Go-Fushimi on the throne of Japan.
• November 1 – Charles, Count of Valois, enters Florence with the Black Guelphs, who in the next six days destroy much of the city, kill many of their enemies and install a new government under Cante dei Gabrielli da Gubbio as podestà, leading to permanent exile of Dante from the city.

1302

January–December

• May 18 – Bruges Matins, the nocturnal massacre of the French garrison in Bruges by members of the local Flemish militia
• June 12 – Rakvere, Estonia, receives Lübeck city rights.
• July 11 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch): Flanders gains a major victory over the French.
• July 27 – The Ottoman Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Bapheus, heralding the Turkish conquest of Bithynia.
• September 24 – Charles II of Naples makes peace with Frederick III of Sicily under the Treaty of Caltabellotta, ending the War of the Sicilian Vespers.^[1]
• September 26 – The Fall of Ruad, the last Crusader stronghold in the Levant.
• October 4 – A peace treaty between the Byzantine Empire and the Republic of Venice ends the Byzantine–Venetian War (1296–1302).
• November 18 – Boniface VIII publishes the Papal bull Unam Sanctam.

Date unknown

• Roger de Flor founds the Catalan Company, with soldiers (Almogavars) jobless after the Treaty of Caltabellotta.
• Castile occupies the harbor of Algiers.
• Jicin, Bohemia is chartered as a city.
• Pope Boniface VIII suppresses the Franciscans.
• The French States-General meets for the first time.
• Dante Alighieri is exiled from Florence by the Black Guelphs, as is Petrarch's father (see Guelphs and Ghibellines).
• Robert I of Scotland reconciles with Edward I of England.
• Philip IV of France confiscates Jewish property.
• Confucian Temple erected in Beijing.

1303

January–December

• February 24 – Battle of Roslin: The Scots defeat the English.
• April 4 – Battle of Arques: The Flemings defeat the French
• April 20 – Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome La Sapienza.
• May 29 – Treaty of Paris restores Gascony to the English.
• August 8 – An earthquake destroys the Lighthouse of Alexandria in Egypt, one of the seven wonders of the world.
• October 22 – Pope Benedict XI succeeds Pope Boniface VIII as the 194th pope.

Date unknown

• Wars of Scottish Independence: Edward I of England resumes his campaign against William Wallace and others in Scotland, holding court in Dunfermline Abbey.
• Battle of Dimbos between Ottoman Turks and Byzantines
• The Khilji Dynasty under Alauddin Khilji conquers Chittorgarh in northern India, after taking the massive Chittorgarh Fort.
• The Avoirdupois system of weights and measures is introduced to England and Wales.
• Siege of Amsterdam: Kennemers and Waterlanders laid siege against Amsterdam for a year.

1304

January–December

• February – John "Red" Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, negotiates a peace with the Kingdom of England in the Wars of Scottish Independence at Strathord near Perth.
• July 20 – Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence.
• August 17 – The Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle is fought to a draw between the French army and the Flemish militias.
• October 24 – Sasa Bey of the Beylik of Menteşe conquers Ephesus from the Eastern Roman Empire, massacring and deporting its native population^[2]

Date unknown

• James II of Aragon reconquers Villena, Spain.
• Holland and Zeeland are occupied by John II, Duke of Brabant and Guy of Dampierre. John II, Count of Hainaut recovers the counties.
• Ala-ud-din Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, conquers Gujarat.
• The peace treaty signed between the khanates of the Mongol Empire. The end of the civil war of the Mongols.
• The Genoese Benedetto I Zaccaria takes control of Chios island from the Byzantine Empire, establishing an autonomous lordship there.^[3][4]
• Construction of Ypres Cloth Hall is completed.

1305

January–December

• June 5 – Pope Clement V, formerly the Archbishop of Bordeaux Bertrand de Got, succeeds Pope Benedict XI as the 195th pope and is crowned at Lyon.
• July – Battle of Apros between the Catalan Company and the Byzantine Empire.
• August 5 – English troops capture William Wallace.

Date unknown

• Wenceslaus III becomes king of Bohemia.
• Philip IV of France accuses the Knights Templar of heresy.

1306

January–December

• February 10 – before the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, his leading political rival sparking revolution in the Scottish Wars of Independence
• March 25 – Robert the Bruce becomes King of the Scots.
• May – Hugh the younger Despenser, favourite of King Edward II of England, marries heiress Eleanor de Clare.
• May 15 – one of the first exchange contracts (cambium) to mention the city of Bruges involved two parties: Giovanni Villani, representing the Peruzzi Company, granting a loan to Tommaso Fini, representing the Gallerani Company of Siena.
• June 19 – Battle of Methven: The forces of the Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruce's Scottish rebels.
• June – The Knights Hospitaller conquer the islands of Kos and Kastellorizo, but fail in their attack against Rhodes.^[5]
• December 6 – the monetary policy of Philippe le Bel triggers a revolt in Paris. The provost's house is burned and the king has to flee to the fortress of the Temple .^[6]

Date unknown

• Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France and confiscates their property.^[7]
• In London, a city ordinance decrees that heating with coal is forbidden when parliament is in session (the ordinance is not particularly effective).^[8]
• The Mongols raid India.

1307

January–December

• January 18 – King Albert I of Germany raises his son Rudolf to the throne of the Kingdom of Bohemia.
• July – the Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes.
• September 5 – Pope Clement V confirms the Knights Hospitaller possession of Rhodes, although only Feracle has fallen to their attacks.
• October 13 (Friday the 13th, at dawn) – All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of King Philip IV, to be later tortured into "confessing" heresy.
• November 18 (according to legend) – William Tell shoots an apple off his son's head in Altdorf, Switzerland.

Date unknown

• Edward II becomes King of England.
• The Mongol raids on India end.
• Januli I da Corogna seizes control of Sifnos and becomes its lord.

1308

January–December

• January 25 – King Edward II of England marries Isabella of France. They are both crowned a month later (on February 25).
• March 8 – Póvoa de Varzim (then Varazim), Portugal gains a foral from Denis of Portugal.
• October 13 – Walter Reynolds, is consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury.
• November 27 – Henry VII, King of Germany, is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
• December 28 – Emperor Hanazono ascends to the throne of Japan.

Date unknown

• The Capet-Anjou family begins to rule Hungary.
• Sultanate of Rûm ends.
• King Philip IV of France purchases the Hôtel de Nesle and builds one of the earliest indoor tennis courts there.^[9]
• The Knights Hospitaller capture the city and island of Rhodes,^[10] which becomes their main base.
• approx. date – Dante Alighieri begins to write the Divine Comedy.

1309

January–December

• March 9 – Pope Clement V settles the papal seat in Avignon, following a visit.
• August 15 – The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. John, completing their conquest of Rhodes. The knights establish their headquarters on the island, and rename themselves as the Knights of Rhodes.
• September 12 – Ferdinand IV of Castile captures the town of Gibraltar in his campaign against the Emirate of Granada.

Date unknown

• The first historical records of village Lukáčovce, Slovakia.
• Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, is bought by the Percy family, later Earls of Northumberland.

Significant people

Births

Deaths

References