12-bit

In computer architecture, 12-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are at most 12 bits (1.5 octets) wide. Also, 12-bit CPU and ALU architectures are those that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size.

Possibly the best-known 12-bit CPU is the PDP-8 and its relatives, such as Intersil 6100 microprocessor produced in various incarnations from August 1963 to mid-1990. Many analog to digital converters (ADCs) have a 12-bit resolution. Some PIC microcontrollers use a 12-bit word size.

12 binary digits, or 3 nibbles (a 'tribble'), have 4096 (10000 octal, 1000 hexadecimal) distinct combinations. Hence, a microprocessor with 12-bit memory addresses can directly access 4096 words (4 Kw) of word-addressable memory. At a time when six-bit character codes were common a 12-bit word, which could hold two characters, was a convenient size.

List of 12-bit computer systems

Digital Equipment Corporation
- PDP-5
- PDP-8
- PDP-12
- PDP-14
- DECmate, a personal computer based on the Intersil 6100
Control Data Corporation
- CDC 6600 - Peripheral Processor (PP)
- CDC 160 series computers
Scientific Data Systems SDS 92
Ford Motor Company EEC I Automotive engine control unit
PC12 minicomputer
Ferranti Argus
LINC, later commercialized by DEC as the LINC-8
Intersil IM6100 microprocessor

References

DIGITAL Computing Timeline: 12-bit architecture

CPU technologies

Architecture	Von Neumann Harvard (Modified Harvard) Dataflow TTA

Instruction set	ASIP CISC RISC EDGE EPIC MISC OISC VLIW NISC ZISC TRIPS Comparison

Word size	1-bit 4-bit 8-bit 9-bit 10-bit 12-bit 15-bit 16-bit 18-bit 22-bit 24-bit 25-bit 26-bit 27-bit 31-bit 32-bit 33-bit 34-bit 36-bit 39-bit 40-bit 48-bit 50-bit 60-bit 64-bit 128-bit 256-bit 512-bit variable

Execution	Instruction pipelining Bubble Operand forwarding Out-of-order execution Register renaming Speculative execution Branch predictor Memory dependence prediction Hazards

Parallel level	Bit Bit-serial Word Instruction Scalar Superscalar Task Thread Process Data Vector Memory

Multithreading	Temporal Simultaneous Preemptive Cooperative

Flynn's taxonomy	SISD SIMD MISD MIMD SPMD Addressing mode

Types	Digital signal processor (DSP) GPGPU Microcontroller Physics processing unit System on a chip (SoC) Cellular

Components	Address generation unit (AGU) Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Barrel shifter Floating-point unit (FPU) Back-side bus Multiplexer Demultiplexer Registers Memory management unit (MMU) Translation lookaside buffer (TLB) Cache Register file Microcode Control unit Clock rate

Power management	APM ACPI Dynamic frequency scaling Dynamic voltage scaling Clock gating

CPU hardware security	Non-executable memory (NX bit) Bounds checking (Intel MPX) Hardware restriction (firmware) Trusted Execution Technology Secure cryptoprocessor Hardware security module Hengzhi chip

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12-bit

List of 12-bit computer systems

See also

References