July 12

July 12 is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 172 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 927 – King Constantine II of Scotland, King Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, Ealdred of Bamburgh and King Owain of Strathclyde accepted the overlordship of King Æthelstan of England, leading to seven years of peace in the north.
• 1191 – Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre.
• 1470 – The Ottomans capture Euboea.
• 1493 – Hartmann Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle, one of the best-documented early printed books, is published.
• 1527 – Lê Cung Hoàng ceded the throne to Mạc Đăng Dung, ending the Lê dynasty and starting the Mạc dynasty.
• 1543 – King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace.
• 1561 – Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is consecrated.
• 1562 – Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatán, burns the sacred books of the Maya.
• 1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.
• 1690 – Battle of the Boyne (Gregorian calendar): The armies of William III defeat those of the former James II.
• 1691 – Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar): The decisive victory of William III of England's forces in Ireland.
• 1776 – Captain James Cook begins his third voyage.
• 1789 – French revolutionary and radical journalist Camille Desmoulins gave a speech in response to the dismissal of Jacques Necker France's finance minister the day before. The speech calls the citizens to arms and leads to the Storming of the Bastille two days later.
• 1790 – The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France by the National Constituent Assembly.
• 1799 – Ranjit Singh conquers Lahore and becomes Maharaja of the Punjab (Sikh Empire).
• 1801 – French Revolutionary Wars: British Royal Navy ships inflict heavy damage against Spanish and French ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras.
• 1804 – Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies a day after being shot in a duel.
• 1806 – Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
• 1806 – Liechtenstein is given full sovereignty after its accession to the Confederation of the Rhine.
• 1812 – War of 1812: The United States invades Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
• 1862 – The Medal of Honor is authorized by the United States Congress.
• 1879 – The National Guards Unit of Bulgaria is founded.
• 1913 – Second Balkan War: Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin; the siege is later called off when the war ends.
• 1917 – The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona.
• 1918 – The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Kawachi blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621.
• 1920 – The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty is signed. Soviet Russia recognizes independent Lithuania.
• 1932 – Hedley Verity takes a cricket world record ten wickets for ten runs in a county match for Yorkshire.
• 1943 – World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka: German and Soviet forces engage in one of the largest tank engagements of all time.
• 1948 – Arab–Israeli War: Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion orders the expulsion of Palestinians from the towns of Lod and Ramla.
• 1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
• 1961 – Pune floods due to failure of the Khadakwasla and Panshet dams. Half of Pune is submerged, more than 100,000 families need to be relocated and the death toll exceeds 2,000.
• 1962 – The Rolling Stones perform their first concert, at the Marquee Club in London, England, United Kingdom.
• 1963 – Pauline Reade, who was 16 years old, disappears on her way to a dance at the British Railways Club in Gorton, England, the first victim in the Moors murders.
• 1967 – The Newark riots begin in Newark, New Jersey.
• 1970 – A fire consumes the wooden home of Norwegian composer Geirr Tveitt and irretrievably destroys about 90 percent of his output.
• 1971 – The Australian Aboriginal Flag is flown for the first time.
• 1973 – A fire destroys the entire sixth floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
• 1975 – São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal.
• 1979 – The island nation of Kiribati becomes independent from United Kingdom.
• 1989 – Lotte World Adventure opened in Seoul, South Korea.
• 2006 – Hezbollah initiates Operation True Promise.
• 2007 – U.S. Army Apache helicopters perform airstrikes in Baghdad, Iraq; footage from the cockpit is later leaked to the Internet.
• 2012 – The Turaymisah massacre kills 250 people during a Syrian military operation in a village within the Hama Governorate.
• 2012 – A tank truck explosion kills more than 100 people in Okobie, Nigeria.
• 2013 – 6 people are killed and 200 injured in a passenger train derailment in Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.

Births

• 1394 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (d. 1441)
• 1468 – Juan del Encina, Spanish poet, playwright, and composer (d. 1530)
• 1596 – Michael I of Russia (d. 1645)
• 1675 – Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1742)
• 1730 – Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (d. 1795)
• 1803 – Peter Chanel, French priest and saint (d. 1841)
• 1807 – Thomas Hawksley, English engineer and academic (d. 1893)
• 1813 – Claude Bernard, French physiologist and academic (d. 1878)
• 1817 – Henry David Thoreau, American philosopher and author (d. 1862)
• 1824 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (d. 1898)
• 1828 – Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (d. 1889)
• 1849 – William Osler, Canadian physician and author (d. 1919)
• 1850 – Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist and academic (d. 1912)
• 1852 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 19th President of Argentina (d. 1933)
• 1854 – George Eastman, American businessman, founded Eastman Kodak (d. 1933)
• 1855 – Ned Hanlan, Canadian rower, academic, and businessman (d. 1908)
• 1857 – George E. Ohr, American potter (d. 1918)
• 1861 – Anton Arensky, Russian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1906)
• 1863 – Albert Calmette, French physician, bacteriologist, and immunologist (d. 1933)
• 1863 – Paul Drude, German physicist and academic (d. 1906)
• 1868 – Stefan George, German poet and translator (d. 1933)
• 1870 – Louis II, Prince of Monaco (d. 1949)
• 1872 – Emil Hácha, Czech lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1945)
• 1876 – Max Jacob, French poet, painter, and critic (d. 1944)
• 1878 – Peeter Põld, Estonian scientist and politician, 1st Estonian Minister of Education (d. 1930)
• 1880 – Tod Browning, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1962)
• 1884 – Louis B. Mayer, Belarusian-American film producer, co-founded Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (d. 1957)
• 1884 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
• 1886 – Jean Hersholt, Danish-American actor and director (d. 1956)
• 1892 – Bruno Schulz, Ukrainian-Polish author and painter (d. 1942)
• 1895 – Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1962)
• 1895 – Buckminster Fuller, American architect and engineer, designed the Montreal Biosphère (d. 1983)
• 1895 – Oscar Hammerstein II, American director, producer, and songwriter (d. 1960)
• 1900 – Chhabi Biswas, Indian actor and director (d. 1962)
• 1902 – Günther Anders, German philosopher and journalist (d. 1992)
• 1904 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
• 1906 – Pietro Tordi, Italian actor (d. 1990)
• 1907 – Weary Dunlop, Australian colonel and surgeon (d. 1993)
• 1908 – Milton Berle, American comedian, actor, and singer (d. 2002)
• 1908 – Alain Cuny, French actor (d. 1994)
• 1908 – Paul Runyan, American golfer and sportscaster (d. 2002)
• 1909 – Joe DeRita, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1909 – Motoichi Kumagai, Japanese photographer and illustrator (d. 2010)
• 1909 – Fritz Leonhardt, German engineer, designed Fernsehturm Stuttgart (d. 1999)
• 1909 – Herbert Zim, American naturalist, author, and educator (d. 1994)
• 1911 – Evald Mikson, Estonian footballer (d. 1993)
• 1913 – Willis Lamb, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
• 1914 – Mohammad Moin, Iranian linguist and lexicographer (d. 1971)
• 1916 – Lyudmila Pavlichenko, Ukrainian-Russian soldier and sniper (d. 1974)
• 1917 – Luigi Gorrini, Italian soldier and pilot (d. 2014)
• 1917 – Andrew Wyeth, American painter (d. 2009)
• 1918 – Mary Glen-Haig, English fencer (d. 2014)
• 1920 – Keith Andes, American actor and singer (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Pierre Berton, Canadian journalist and author (d. 2004)
• 1920 – Bob Fillion, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (d. 2015)
• 1920 – Paul Gonsalves, American saxophonist (d. 1974)
• 1920 – Randolph Quirk, Manx linguist and academic
• 1920 – Beah Richards, American actress and playwright (d. 2000)
• 1922 – Mark Hatfield, American soldier and politician, 29th Governor of Oregon (d. 2011)
• 1923 – René Favaloro, Argentine surgeon and cardiologist (d. 2000)
• 1924 – Faidon Matthaiou, Greek basketball player and coach (d. 2011)
• 1925 – Albert Lance, Australian-French tenor (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Roger Smith, American businessman (d. 2007)
• 1927 – Françoys Bernier, Canadian pianist, conductor, and educator (d. 1993)
• 1927 – Conte Candoli, American trumpet player (d. 2001)
• 1927 – Jack Harshman, American baseball player (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Harley Hotchkiss, Canadian businessman (d. 2011)
• 1927 – Frank Windsor, English actor
• 1928 – Alastair Burnet, English journalist (d. 2012)
• 1928 – Elias James Corey, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1928 – Imero Fiorentino, American lighting designer (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Jo Myong-rok, North Korean marshal (d. 2010)
• 1928 – Kathy Staff, English actress (d. 2008)
• 1928 – Pixie Williams, New Zealand singer (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Monte Hellman, American director and producer
• 1930 – Alberto Lionello, Italian actor (d. 1994)
• 1930 – Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1930 – Irene Sutcliffe, English actress
• 1931 – Eric Ives, English historian and academic (d. 2012)
• 1931 – Geeto Mongol, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Otis Davis, American sprinter
• 1932 – Eddy Wally, Belgian singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2016)
• 1933 – Victor Poor, American engineer, developed the Datapoint 2200 (d. 2012)
• 1933 – Donald E. Westlake, American author and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1934 – Van Cliburn, American pianist and composer (d. 2013)
• 1935 – Roy Barraclough, English actor
• 1935 – Satoshi Ōmura, Japanese biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1937 – Bill Cosby, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1937 – Mickey Edwards, American lawyer and politician
• 1937 – Lionel Jospin, French civil servant and politician, 165th Prime Minister of France
• 1937 – Michel Louvain, Canadian singer
• 1937 – Robert McFarlane, American colonel and diplomat, 13th United States National Security Advisor
• 1937 – Guy Woolfenden, English composer and conductor
• 1938 – Jaishankar, Indian actor (d. 2000)
• 1938 – Ron Fairly, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1938 – Wieger Mensonides, Dutch swimmer
• 1939 – Phillip Adams, Australian journalist and producer
• 1941 – Benny Parsons, American race car driver and sportscaster (d. 2007)
• 1941 – Joseph Whipp, American actor
• 1942 – Roy Palmer, English cricketer and umpire
• 1942 – Billy Smith, Australian rugby player and coach
• 1942 – Tam White, Scottish singer and actor (d. 2010)
• 1943 – Christine McVie, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Fleetwood Mac and Chicken Shack)
• 1943 – Paul Silas, American basketball player and coach
• 1944 – Simon Blackburn, English philosopher and academic
• 1944 – Delia Ephron, American author, playwright, and screenwriter
• 1944 – Kent Finell, Swedish radio host (d. 2013)
• 1944 – Denise Nicholas, American actress, screenwriter, and activist
• 1944 – Pat Woodell, American actress and singer (d. 2015)
• 1945 – Leopoldo Mastelloni, Italian actor, singer, and director
• 1946 – Gareth Edwards, Welsh rugby player and sportscaster
• 1947 – Loren Coleman, American cryptozoologist, author, and academic
• 1947 – Wilko Johnson, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (Dr Feelgood and The Blockheads)
• 1947 – Richard C. McCarty, American psychologist and academic
• 1948 – Susan Blu, American voice actress and director
• 1948 – Ben Burtt, American director, screenwriter, and sound designer
• 1948 – Walter Egan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1948 – Richard Simmons, American fitness trainer and actor
• 1948 – Jay Thomas, American actor
• 1949 – Simon Fox, English drummer (Be-Bop Deluxe and The Pretty Things)
• 1949 – Rick Hendrick, American businessman, founded Hendrick Motorsports
• 1950 – Eric Carr, American drummer and songwriter (Kiss) (d. 1991)
• 1950 – Gilles Meloche, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1951 – Joan Bauer, American author
• 1951 – Brian Grazer, American screenwriter and producer, founded Imagine Entertainment
• 1951 – Cheryl Ladd, American actress, singer, and author
• 1951 – Piotr Pustelnik, Polish mountaineer
• 1951 – Sylvia Sass, Hungarian soprano
• 1951 – Jamey Sheridan, American actor and producer
• 1952 – Voja Antonić, Serbian computer scientist and journalist, designed the Galaksija computer
• 1952 – Irina Bokova, Bulgarian politician, Bulgarian Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1952 – Philip Taylor Kramer, American bass player (Iron Butterfly) (d. 1995)
• 1952 – Liz Mitchell, Jamaican-English singer (Boney M.)
• 1953 – John Ausonius, Swedish murderer
• 1954 – Eric Adams, American singer-songwriter (Manowar)
• 1954 – Robert Carl, American pianist and composer
• 1954 – Wolfgang Dremmler, German footballer and coach
• 1954 – Sulakshana Pandit, Indian actress and singer
• 1955 – Timothy Garton Ash, English historian and author
• 1955 – Jimmy LaFave, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1955 – Bambi Woods, American porn actress
• 1956 – Mel Harris, American actress
• 1956 – Sandi Patty, American singer and pianist
• 1956 – Mario Soto, Dominican baseball player
• 1957 – Rick Husband, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2003)
• 1957 – Dave Semenko, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1957 – Taso N. Stavrakis, American actor and stuntman
• 1958 – J. D. Hayworth, American radio host and politician
• 1958 – Tonya Lee Williams, English-Canadian actress and producer
• 1959 – David Brown, Australian meteorologist
• 1959 – Nagisa Katahira, Japanese actress
• 1959 – Charlie Murphy, American actor and screenwriter
• 1959 – Karl J. Friston, English psychiatrist and neuroscientist
• 1960 – Corynne Charby, French model, actress, and singer
• 1961 – Heikko Glöde, German footballer and manager
• 1961 – Shiva Rajkumar, Indian actor, singer, and producer
• 1962 – Julio César Chávez, Mexican boxer
• 1962 – Luc De Vos, Belgian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (Gorki) (d. 2014)
• 1962 – Dan Murphy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Soul Asylum and Golden Smog)
• 1962 – Joanna Shields, American-English businesswoman
• 1962 – Dean Wilkins, English footballer and manager
• 1964 – Tim Gane, English guitarist (Stereolab and McCarthy)
• 1964 – Gaby Roslin, English television host and actress
• 1965 – Sanjay Manjrekar, Indian cricketer and sportscaster
• 1965 – Robin Wilson, American singer and guitarist (Gin Blossoms and Gas Giants)
• 1966 – Jeff Bucknum, American race car driver
• 1966 – Annabel Croft, English tennis player and sportscaster
• 1966 – Tamsin Greig, English actress
• 1966 – Taiji, Japanese bass player and songwriter (Loudness and X Japan) (d. 2011)
• 1966 – Ana Torrent, Spanish actress
• 1966 – Misato Watanabe, Japanese singer
• 1967 – Richard Herring, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1967 – John Petrucci, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Dream Theater, Liquid Tension Experiment, and Explorers Club)
• 1967 – Bruny Surin, Canadian sprinter
• 1968 – Catherine Plewinski, French swimmer
• 1968 – Lady Saw, Jamaican singer
• 1969 – Lisa Nicole Carson, American actress
• 1969 – Chantal Jouanno, French politician, French Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports
• 1969 – Anne-Sophie Pic, French chef
• 1969 – Jesse Pintado, Mexican-American guitarist (Napalm Death, Terrorizer, and Lock Up) (d. 2006)
• 1970 – Aure Atika, Portuguese-French actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1970 – Lee Byung-hun, South Korean actor, singer, and dancer
• 1970 – Juba Kalamka, American rapper (Deep Dickollective)
• 1971 – Andriy Kovalenco, Ukrainian-Spanish rugby player
• 1971 – Loni Love, American comedian, actress, and talk show host
• 1971 – Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
• 1972 – Travis Best, American basketball player
• 1972 – Brett Reed, American drummer (Rancid and Devils Brigade)
• 1972 – Jake Wood, English actor
• 1973 – Robert Tripe, New Zealand actor (d. 2014)
• 1973 – Christian Vieri, Italian footballer
• 1974 – Sharon den Adel, Dutch singer-songwriter (Within Temptation)
• 1974 – Stelios Giannakopoulos, Greek footballer and manager
• 1974 – Gregory Helms, American wrestler and agent
• 1975 – Cheyenne Jackson, American actor and singer
• 1975 – Kai Greene, American bodybuilder
• 1976 – Dan Boyle, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 – Anna Friel, English actress
• 1976 – Tracie Spencer, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1977 – Neil Harris, English footballer and manager
• 1977 – Steve Howey, American actor
• 1977 – Brock Lesnar, American mixed martial artist and wrestler
• 1977 – Francesca Lubiani, Italian tennis player
• 1978 – Claire Chitham, New Zealand actress
• 1978 – Topher Grace, American actor and screenwriter
• 1978 – Kristiina Poska, Estonian conductor
• 1978 – Michelle Rodriguez, American actress
• 1979 – Nikos Barlos, Greek basketball player
• 1979 – Maya Kobayashi, Japanese journalist
• 1980 – Kristen Connolly, American actress
• 1980 – Irina Embrich, Estonian fencer
• 1980 – Mylène Jampanoï, French model and actress
• 1980 – Johanna Klum, German singer and actress
• 1980 – Tom Price, Welsh actor
• 1981 – Adrienne Camp, South African singer-songwriter (The Benjamin Gate)
• 1981 – Pradeepan Raveendran, Sri Lankan director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1982 – Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer
• 1982 – Tara Kirk, American swimmer
• 1982 – Sharath Kamal, Indian table tennis player
• 1983 – Marco Alcaraz, Filipino actor
• 1983 – Megumi Kawamura, Japanese volleyball player
• 1984 – Gareth Gates, English singer-songwriter and actor (5th Story)
• 1984 – Sami Zayn, Canadian wrestler
• 1984 – Jonathan Lewis, American football player
• 1984 – Natalie Martinez, American actress
• 1984 – Michael McGovern, Irish footballer
• 1984 – Yoshino Nanjō, Japanese voice actress and singer (FripSide)
• 1985 – Paulo Vitor Barreto, Brazilian footballer
• 1985 – Gianluca Curci, Italian footballer
• 1985 – Luiz Ejlli, Albanian singer
• 1985 – Keven Lacombe, Canadian cyclist
• 1985 – Ismael Londt, Surinamese-Dutch Kickboxer
• 1985 – Natasha Poly, Russian model
• 1986 – Didier Digard, French footballer
• 1986 – Krystal Forscutt, Australian model, actress, and singer
• 1986 – Hannaliis Jaadla, Estonian footballer
• 1986 – JP Pietersen, South African rugby player
• 1986 – Simone Laudehr, German footballer
• 1988 – Natalie La Rose, Dutch singer and dancer
• 1988 – LeSean McCoy, American football player
• 1988 – Melissa O'Neil, Canadian singer and actress
• 1988 – Inbee Park, South Korean golfer
• 1988 – Risa Taneda, Japanese voice actress
• 1989 – Xian Lim, American-Filipino actor and singer
• 1989 – Nick Palmieri, American ice hockey player
• 1989 – Phoebe Tonkin, Australian actress and model
• 1990 – Bebé, Portuguese footballer
• 1991 – Salih Dursun, Turkish footballer
• 1991 – Erik Per Sullivan, American actor
• 1991 – Dexter Roberts, American singer
• 1991 – James Rodríguez, Colombian footballer
• 1992 – Bartosz Bereszyński, Polish footballer
• 1992 – Anna Ishibashi, Japanese model and actress
• 1992 – Eoghan Quigg, Irish singer and actor
• 1994 – Jamie Herrell. Filipino model, Miss Earth 2014
• 1994 – Kanako Momota, Japanese singer-songwriter (Momoiro Clover Z)
• 1995 – Luke Shaw, English footballer
• 1995 – Jordyn Wieber, American gymnast
• 1996 – Moussa Dembélé, French footballer
• 1996 – Jordan Romero, American mountaineer
• 1997 – Daniel Lawrence, English cricketer
• 1997 – Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani-English activist, Nobel Prize laureate

Deaths

• 783 – Bertrada of Laon (b. 720)
• 1067 – John Komnenos, Byzantine general (b. ca. 1015)
• 1441 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (b. 1394)
• 1536 – Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch priest and philosopher (b. 1466)
• 1584 – Steven Borough, English navigator and explorer (b. 1525)
• 1645 – Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
• 1664 – Stefano della Bella, Italian illustrator and engraver (b. 1610)
• 1682 – Jean Picard, French priest and astronomer (b. 1620)
• 1693 – John Ashby, English admiral (b. 1640)
• 1712 – Richard Cromwell, English academic and politician (b. 1626)
• 1742 – Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1675)
• 1749 – Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois, French navy officer and politician, Governor General of New France (b. 1671)
• 1773 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flute player and composer (b. 1697)
• 1804 – Alexander Hamilton, American general, economist, and politician, 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1755)
• 1845 – Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian linguist, poet, and playwright (b. 1808)
• 1849 – Dolley Madison, American wife of James Madison, 4th First Lady of the United States (b. 1768)
• 1850 – Robert Stevenson, Scottish engineer (b. 1772)
• 1855 – Pavel Nakhimov, Russian admiral (b. 1802)
• 1870 – John A. Dahlgren, American admiral (b. 1809)
• 1892 – Alexander Cartwright, American firefighter, invented baseball (b. 1820)
• 1910 – Charles Rolls, English engineer and businessman, co-founded Rolls-Royce Limited (b. 1887)
• 1918 – Dragutin Lerman, Croatian explorer (b. 1864)
• 1926 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist and spy (b. 1868)
• 1926 – Charles Wood Irish composer (b. 1866)
• 1929 – Robert Henri, American painter and educator (b. 1865)
• 1931 – Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
• 1934 – Ole Evinrude, Norwegian-American inventor and businessman, invented the outboard motor (b. 1877)
• 1935 – Alfred Dreyfus, French colonel (b. 1859)
• 1944 – Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American general and politician, Governor of Puerto Rico (b. 1887)
• 1945 – Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician and engineer (b. 1871)
• 1945 – Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895)
• 1946 – Ray Stannard Baker, American journalist and author (b. 1870)
• 1947 – Jimmie Lunceford, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1902)
• 1949 – Douglas Hyde, Irish scholar and politician, 1st President of Ireland (b. 1860)
• 1950 – Elsie de Wolfe, American actress, author, and interior decorator (b. 1865)
• 1961 – Mazo de la Roche, Canadian author and playwright (b. 1879)
• 1962 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, American composer and bandleader (b. 1907)
• 1965 – Christfried Burmeister, Estonian speed skater (b. 1898)
• 1966 – D. T. Suzuki, Japanese philosopher and author (b. 1870)
• 1969 – Henry George Lamond, Australian farmer and author (b. 1885)
• 1971 – Yvon Robert, Canadian wrestler (b. 1914)
• 1973 – Lon Chaney, Jr., American actor (b. 1906)
• 1975 – James Ormsbee Chapin, American painter and illustrator (b. 1887)
• 1979 – Minnie Riperton, American singer-songwriter (Rotary Connection) (b. 1947)
• 1982 – Kenneth More, English actor (b. 1914)
• 1983 – Chris Wood, English saxophonist (Traffic and Ginger Baker's Air Force) (b. 1944)
• 1990 – Irena Eichlerówna, Polish actress (b. 1908)
• 1990 – João Saldanha, Brazilian footballer, manager, and journalist (b. 1917)
• 1992 – Caroline Pafford Miller, American journalist and author (b. 1903)
• 1993 – Dan Eldon, English photographer and journalist (b. 1970)
• 1996 – John Chancellor, American journalist (b. 1927)
• 1996 – Jonathan Melvoin, American keyboard player (The Smashing Pumpkins) (b. 1961)
• 1997 – François Furet, French historian and author (b. 1927)
• 1998 – Jimmy Driftwood, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (b. 1907)
• 1998 – Arkady Ostashev, Russian engineer and educator (b. 1925)
• 1998 – Serge Lemoyne, Canadian painter (b. 1941)
• 1999 – Rajendra Kumar, Pakistani-Indian actor and producer (b. 1929)
• 1999 – Bill Owen, English actor and singer (b. 1914)
• 2000 – Charles Merritt, Canadian colonel and politician, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1908)
• 2001 – Fred Marcellino, American author and illustrator (b. 1939)
• 2003 – Benny Carter, American trumpet player, saxophonist, and composer (b. 1907)
• 2003 – Mark Lovell, English race car driver (b. 1960)
• 2004 – Jeff Morris, American actor (b. 1934)
• 2004 – Betty Oliphant, English-Canadian ballerina, co-founded the National Ballet School of Canada (b. 1918)
• 2005 – John King, Baron King of Wartnaby, English businessman (b. 1917)
• 2007 – Robert Burås, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (My Midnight Creeps and Madrugada) (b. 1975)
• 2007 – Mr. Butch, American guitarist (b. 1951)
• 2007 – Stan Zemanek, Australian radio host (b. 1947)
• 2008 – Bobby Murcer, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1946)
• 2008 – Tony Snow, American journalist, 26th White House Press Secretary (b. 1955)
• 2010 – Olga Guillot, Cuban-American singer (b. 1922)
• 2010 – James P. Hogan, English-American author (b. 1941)
• 2010 – Paulo Moura, Brazilian clarinet player and saxophonist (b. 1932)
• 2010 – Pius Njawé, Cameroonian journalist (b. 1957)
• 2010 – Harvey Pekar, American author and critic (b. 1939)
• 2011 – Sherwood Schwartz, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1916)
• 2012 – Alimuddin, Pakistani cricketer (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Eddy Brown, English footballer and manager (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Else Holmelund Minarik, Danish-American author and illustrator (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Roger Payne, English mountaineer (b. 1956)
• 2012 – Hamid Samandarian, Iranian director and playwright (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Dara Singh, Indian wrestler and actor (b. 1928)
• 2012 – George C. Stoney, American director and producer (b. 1916)
• 2013 – Pran, Indian actor (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Amar Bose, American businessman, founded the Bose Corporation (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Ray Butt, English director and producer (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Takako Takahashi, Japanese author (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Alan Whicker, Egyptian-English journalist (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Jamil Ahmad, Pakistani author (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Nestor Basterretxea, Spanish painter and sculptor (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Emil Bobu, Romanian politician (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Alfred de Grazia, American political scientist and author (b. 1919)
• 2014 – Kenneth J. Gray, American soldier and politician (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Valeriya Novodvorskaya, Russian journalist and politician (b. 1950)
• 2015 – D'Army Bailey, American lawyer, judge, and actor (b. 1941)
• 2015 – Chenjerai Hove, Zimbabwean journalist, author, and poet (b. 1956)
• 2015 – Javier Krahe, Spanish singer-songwriter (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Tenzin Delek Rinpoche, Tibetan monk and activist (b. 1950)
• 2015 – Cheng Siwei, Chinese engineer, economist, and politician (b. 1935)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Blessed Louis Martin and Zélie Martin (parents of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux)
  • Hermagoras and Fortunatus
  • Jason of Tarsus (Catholic Church)
  • John Gualbert
  • Nabor and Felix
  • Nathan Söderblom (Lutheran, Episcopal Church (USA))
  • Veronica
  • Viventiolus
  • July 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Birthday of the Heir to the Crown of Tonga (Tonga)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Kiribati from the United Kingdom in 1979.
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of São Tomé and Príncipe from Portugal in 1975.
• Malala Day
• The second day of Naadam (Mongolia)
• The Twelfth, also known as Orangemen's Day (Northern Ireland, Newfoundland and Labrador)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 12.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada