10-second barrier

The 10-second barrier is a term used in track and field athletics, which refers to the physical and psychological barrier of completing the men's 100 metres sprint in under ten seconds. The achievement was traditionally regarded as the hallmark of a world-class sprinter. Its significance has become less important since the late 1990s, as an increasing number of runners have surpassed the ten seconds mark.^[1]

History

For sprints, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) rules for world records and other recognised performances require: a wind assistance of not more than two metres per second in the direction of travel; fully automatic timing (FAT) to one hundredth of a second; and no use of performance-enhancing substances.^[5] Wind gauge malfunctions or infractions may also cause a sprinter's run to be invalid.^[6]

Hand timing

Prior to 1977, FAT was not required for IAAF official timings.^[2] These were recorded manually to one tenth of a second; three official timers with stopwatches noted when the starting gun flashed and when the runner crossed the finish line, and their median recorded time was the official mark. Some races also had an unofficial FAT, or semi-automatic time, often in conjunction with photo finish equipment. The first person timed at under ten seconds was Bob Hayes, who ran 9.9 s in April 1963 at the Mt. SAC Relays with an illegal following wind of 11 mph (4.9 m/s).^[3]^[4] Hayes clocked another illegal 9.9 s (wind 5.3 m/s (12 mph)) in the semi-final of the 1964 Olympic 100 m, with the first sub-10 FAT of 9.91 s.^[5] At the 1968 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Sacramento, three men ran legal hand-timed 9.9 seconds: Jim Hines first and Ronnie Ray Smith second in the first semi-final, and Charlie Greene first in the second semi-final.^[2]^[6] This was dubbed the "Night of Speed", and all three were recognised as world records by the IAAF.^[2] The IAAF lists their FATs as: Hines 10.03, Smith 10.14 and Greene 10.10;^[2] although Time magazine reported at the time that "an automatic Bulova Accutron Phototimer confirmed that all three had indeed broken [10.0s]".^[7] Hines also had a wind-assisted 9.8 s in the heats.^[7] Hines went on to win the 1968 Olympic 100m in 9.9 s manual; his FAT was 9.95, making it the first non-wind-assisted electronic sub-10-second performance.^[2] By 1976, six other men had equalled the 9.9 s hand-timed record, though none of their performances had an FAT mark.^[2]

Automatic timing

Carl Lewis was the first man to run under ten seconds at low altitude.

After the 1977 rule change, Jim Hines' nine-year-old 9.95 was the only recognised sub-10-second race.^[2] That year the barrier was broken again, when Silvio Leonard ran 9.98 seconds on 11 August 1977. Both of these marks were recorded at a high altitude, which aids performance due to lower air resistance. Carl Lewis was the first sprinter to break ten seconds at low altitude under electronic timing, with 9.97 seconds on 14 May 1983 at the Modesto Relays.

Calvin Smith recorded a world record 9.93 seconds on 3 July 1983, again at altitude in Colorado Springs, Colorado and also became the first sprinter to run under ten seconds twice, repeating the feat in August that year.

Six sprinters legally broke the barrier during the 1980s. Another, Ben Johnson, had eclipsed both the 9.90 mark and 9.80 mark in 1987 and 1988, however both of these records were disqualified after he tested positive for, and later admitted to using steroids.

The 100 m final at the 1991 World Championships represented a new zenith in the event: six athletes ran under ten seconds in the same race, and winner Carl Lewis lowered the world record to 9.86 seconds.^[8]

Maurice Greene was the first athlete to run under 9.80 seconds in 1999. Usain Bolt surpassed 9.70 seconds in 2008 and 9.60 in 2009. The 10-second barrier has been broken by athletes from five of the six continental athletic associations, the exception being of South America where Brazilian Robson da Silva holds the area record with ten seconds flat.^[9]

The 2008 season saw a new high for sub-10 second performances: 14 runners achieved the feat a total of 53 times between them, the highest ever for either figure. Furthermore, ten men had achieved the result for the first time in that year – another record. The men's 100 metres final at the 2008 Summer Olympics saw a world record and six men clear ten seconds (equalling the number from the 1991 World Championships). Only two months into the start of the outdoor track season, 2011 became a record-breaking year as fifteen men ran under ten seconds between April and June.^[10] As of 10 June 2013, 86 sprinters have broken the 10-second barrier with an official, legal time. The men's 100 metres final at the 2012 Summer Olympics saw a new Olympic record and seven men dip below ten seconds, with only one competitor failing to do so.

On July 4, 2013, former World Champion Kim Collins improved his personal record by running 9.97 in Lausanne, surpassing Linford Christie as the oldest man to break the 10-second barrier. A week later he ran 9.99 in Budapest, increasing his standing to 37 years, 3 months and 5 days.^[11]

No woman has recorded an official sub-10 second time. The female 100 metre world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken.

Electronically timed marks

Sprinters who have broken the 10-second barrier
#	Date	Athlete	Time 000(seconds)	Age	Nationality	Continent^[1]	Best (year)^[2]	Doping case	Ref
1	001 !14 October 1968	Hines, JimJim Hines	9.95 A^[3]	7008697204800000000♠22 years, 34 days	United States	North America	9.95 (1968)
2	002 !11 August 1977	Leonard, SilvioSilvio Leonard	9.98 A	7008690789600000000♠21 years, 325 days	Cuba	North America	9.98 (1977)
3	003 !14 May 1983	Lewis, CarlCarl Lewis	9.97	7008690098400000000♠21 years, 317 days	United States	North America	9.86 (1991)	Yes
4	004 !3 July 1983	Smith, CalvinCalvin Smith	9.93 A	7008709473600000000♠22 years, 176 days	United States	North America	9.93 (1983)
5	005 !5 May 1984	Lattany, MelMel Lattany	9.96	7008780624000000000♠24 years, 269 days	United States	North America	9.96 (1984)
6^[5]	006 !24 September 1988	Christie, LinfordLinford Christie	9.97	7008898732800000000♠28 years, 175 days	United Kingdom	Europe	9.87 (1993)	Yes
7	007 !20 May 1989	Stewart, RaymondRaymond Stewart	9.97	7008762825600000000♠24 years, 63 days	Jamaica	North America	9.96 (1991)
8	008 !16 June 1989	Burrell, LeroyLeroy Burrell	9.94	7008704203200000000♠22 years, 115 days	United States	North America	9.85 (1994)
9	009 !25 August 1991	Mitchell, DennisDennis Mitchell	9.99	7008805010400000000♠25 years, 186 days	United States	North America	9.91 (1991)	Yes
10	010 !25 August 1991	Fredericks, FrankieFrankie Fredericks	9.95	7008754077600000000♠23 years, 327 days	Namibia	Africa	9.86 (1996)
11	011 !11 September 1991	Cason, AndreAndre Cason	9.99	7008714484800000000♠22 years, 234 days	United States	North America	9.92 (1993)
12	012 !4 April 1992	Adeniken, OlapadeOlapade Adeniken	9.97	7008714052800000000♠22 years, 229 days	Nigeria	Africa	9.95 (1994)
13	013 !18 April 1992	Marsh, MichaelMichael Marsh	9.93	7008779673600000000♠24 years, 258 days	United States	North America	9.93 (1992)
14	014 !18 April 1992	Ezinwa, DavidsonDavidson Ezinwa	9.96	7008643939200000000♠20 years, 148 days	Nigeria	Africa	9.94 (1994)	Yes
15	015 !21 May 1993	Effiong, DanielDaniel Effiong	9.99	7008660355200000000♠20 years, 338 days	Nigeria	Africa	9.98 (1993)	Yes
16	016 !22 July 1994	Drummond, JonJon Drummond	9.99	7008816242400000000♠25 years, 316 days	United States	North America	9.92 (1997)
17	017 !22 April 1995	Bailey, DonovanDonovan Bailey	9.99	7008863028000000000♠27 years, 127 days	Canada	North America	9.84 (1996)
18	018 !15 June 1995	Surin, BrunyBruny Surin	9.97	7008881258400000000♠27 years, 338 days	Canada	North America	9.84 (1999)
19	019 !21 April 1996	Boldon, AtoAto Boldon	9.93	7008704030400000000♠22 years, 113 days	Trinidad and Tobago	North America	9.86 (1998)
20	020 !12 June 1997	Greene, MauriceMaurice Greene	9.96	7008722260800000000♠22 years, 324 days	United States	North America	9.79 (1999)
21	021 !12 June 1997	Streete-Thompson, KareemKareem Streete-Thompson	9.96	7008763776000000000♠24 years, 74 days	United States	North America	9.96 (1997)
22	022 !12 June 1997	Montgomery, TimTim Montgomery	9.96	7008706190400000000♠22 years, 138 days	United States	North America	9.92 (1997)	Yes
23	023 !20 June 1997	Spencer, PercivalPercival Spencer	9.98	7008704289600000000♠22 years, 116 days	Jamaica	North America	9.98 (1997)
24	024 !13 July 1997	Ogunkoya, SeunSeun Ogunkoya	9.97	7008616615200000000♠19 years, 197 days	Nigeria	Africa	9.92 (1998)
25	025 !9 August 1998	Henderson, VincentVincent Henderson	9.95	7008814255200000000♠25 years, 293 days	United States	North America	9.95 (1998)
26	026 !11 September 1998	Thompson, ObadeleObadele Thompson	9.87 A	7008708523200000000♠22 years, 165 days	Barbados	North America	9.87 (1998)
27	027 !5 June 1999	Myles-Mills, LeonardLeonard Myles-Mills	9.98	7008822830400000000♠26 years, 27 days	Ghana	Africa	9.98 (1999)
28	028 !13 June 1999	Chambers, DwainDwain Chambers	9.99	7008668671200000000♠21 years, 69 days	United Kingdom	Europe	9.97 (1999)	Yes
29	029 !2 July 1999	Gardener, JasonJason Gardener	9.98	7008750621600000000♠23 years, 287 days	United Kingdom	Europe	9.98 (1999)
30	030 !5 July 1999	Harden, TimTim Harden	9.92	7008802677600000000♠25 years, 159 days	United States	North America	9.92 (1999)
31	031 !2 June 2000	Miller, CobyCoby Miller	9.98	7008745437600000000♠23 years, 227 days	United States	North America	9.98 (2000)
32	032 !2 June 2000	Williams, BernardBernard Williams	9.99	7008705931200000000♠22 years, 135 days	United States	North America	9.94 (2001)	Yes
33	033 !21 June 2000	Obikwelu, FrancisFrancis Obikwelu	9.97	7008681026400000000♠21 years, 212 days	Nigeria/ Portugal^[4]	Africa	9.86 (2004)
34	034 !12 April 2002	Crawford, ShawnShawn Crawford	9.99	7008764985600000000♠24 years, 88 days	United States	North America	9.88 (2004)	Yes
35	035 !21 April 2002	Johnson, Joshua J.Joshua J. Johnson	9.95	7008818834400000000♠25 years, 346 days	United States	North America	9.95 (2002)
36	036 !4 May 2002	Lewis, BrianBrian Lewis	9.99	7008865015200000000♠27 years, 150 days	United States	North America	9.99 (2002)
37	037 !27 July 2002	Collins, KimKim Collins	9.98	7008830260800000000♠26 years, 113 days	Saint Kitts and Nevis	North America	9.96 (2014)
38	038 !5 May 2003	Johnson, PatrickPatrick Johnson	9.93	7008965822400000000♠30 years, 221 days	Australia	Oceania	9.93 (2003)
39	039 !19 July 2003	Aliu, DejiDeji Aliu	9.98	7008872704800000000♠27 years, 239 days	Nigeria	Africa	9.95 (2003)
40	040 !15 August 2003	Capel, JohnJohn Capel	9.97	7008779932800000000♠24 years, 261 days	United States	North America	9.95 (2004)	Yes
41	041 !15 August 2003	Gatlin, JustinJustin Gatlin	9.97	7008678780000000000♠21 years, 186 days	United States	North America	9.74 (2015)	Yes
42	042 !15 August 2003	Grimes, MickeyMickey Grimes	9.99	7008847195200000000♠26 years, 309 days	United States	North America	9.99 (2003)	Yes
43	043 !12 October 2003	Emedolu, UchennaUchenna Emedolu	9.97	7008854215200000000♠27 years, 25 days	Nigeria	Africa	9.97 (2003)
44	044 !12 June 2004	Powell, AsafaAsafa Powell	9.99	7008680162400000000♠21 years, 202 days	Jamaica	North America	9.72 (2010)	Yes
45	045 !14 June 2005	Zakari, AzizAziz Zakari	9.99	7008908236800000000♠28 years, 285 days	Ghana	Africa	9.99 (2005)	Yes
46	046 !25 June 2005	Burns, MarcMarc Burns	9.96	7008708868800000000♠22 years, 169 days	Trinidad and Tobago	North America	9.96 (2005)
47	047 !25 June 2005	Brown, DarrelDarrel Brown	9.99	7008653356800000000♠20 years, 257 days	Trinidad and Tobago	North America	9.99 (2005)
48	048 !5 July 2005	Pognon, RonaldRonald Pognon	9.99	7008714225600000000♠22 years, 231 days	France	Europe	9.99 (2005)
49	049 !22 July 2005	Scott, LeonardLeonard Scott	9.94	7008804837600000000♠25 years, 184 days	United States	North America	9.91 (2006)
50	050 !25 May 2006	Fasuba, OlusojiOlusoji Fasuba	9.93	7008690357600000000♠21 years, 320 days	Nigeria	Africa	9.85 (2006)
51	051 !21 July 2006	Gay, TysonTyson Gay	9.97	7008755719200000000♠23 years, 346 days	United States	North America	9.69 (2009)	Yes
52	052 !18 August 2006	Brunson, MarcusMarcus Brunson	9.99	7008893635200000000♠28 years, 116 days	United States	North America	9.99 (2006)
53	053 !24 April 2007	Atkins, DerrickDerrick Atkins	9.98	7008735242400000000♠23 years, 109 days	Bahamas	North America	9.91 (2007)
54	054 !8 June 2007	Dix, WalterWalter Dix	9.93	7008673768800000000♠21 years, 128 days	United States	North America	9.88 (2010)
55	055 !26 July 2007	Francis, SamuelSamuel Francis	9.99	7008641606400000000♠20 years, 121 days	Qatar	Asia	9.99 (2007)
56	056 !28 September 2007	Spearmon, WallaceWallace Spearmon	9.96	7008718286400000000♠22 years, 278 days	United States	North America	9.96 (2007)
57	057 !10 May 2008	Padgett, TravisTravis Padgett	9.96	7008675583200000000♠21 years, 149 days	United States	North America	9.89 (2008)
58	058 !17 May 2008	Bolt, UsainUsain Bolt	9.76	7008686037600000000♠21 years, 270 days	Jamaica	North America	9.58 (2009)
59	059 !18 May 2008	Thompson, RichardRichard Thompson	9.93	7008724161600000000♠22 years, 346 days	Trinidad and Tobago	North America	9.82 (2014)
60	060 !28 June 2008	Martin, RodneyRodney Martin	9.95	7008805269600000000♠25 years, 189 days	United States	North America	9.95 (2008)		^[12]
61	061 !28 June 2008	Jelks, MarkMark Jelks	9.99	7008764208000000000♠24 years, 79 days	United States	North America	9.99 (2008)	Yes	^[12]
62	062 !28 June 2008	Patton, DarvisDarvis Patton	9.89	7008964612800000000♠30 years, 207 days	United States	North America	9.89 (2008)		^[12]
63	063 !28 June 2008	Williams, IvoryIvory Williams	9.94	7008730749600000000♠23 years, 57 days	United States	North America	9.94 (2008)	Yes	^[12]
64	064 !22 July 2008	Carter, NestaNesta Carter	9.98	7008718891200000000♠22 years, 285 days	Jamaica	North America	9.78 (2010)
65	065 !15 August 2008	Martina, ChurandyChurandy Martina	9.99	7008761097600000000♠24 years, 43 days	Netherlands Antilles/ Netherlands	North America/Europe	9.91 (2012)
66	066 !16 August 2008	Frater, MichaelMichael Frater	9.97	7008816156000000000♠25 years, 315 days	Jamaica	North America	9.88 (2011)
67	067 !24 May 2009	Bailey, DanielDaniel Bailey	9.99	7008716472000000000♠22 years, 257 days	Antigua and Barbuda	North America	9.91 (2009)		^[13]
68	068 !7 June 2009	Rodgers, MikeMike Rodgers	9.94	7008761184000000000♠24 years, 44 days	United States	North America	9.85 (2011)	Yes	^[14]
69	069 !10 July 2009	Blake, YohanYohan Blake	9.96	7008616528800000000♠19 years, 196 days	Jamaica	North America	9.69 (2012)	Yes	^[15]^[16]
70	070 !28 August 2009	Clarke, LeroneLerone Clarke	9.99	7008888105600000000♠28 years, 52 days	Jamaica	North America	9.99 (2009)
71	071 !9 July 2010	Lemaitre, ChristopheChristophe Lemaitre	9.98	7008633571200000000♠20 years, 28 days	France	Europe	9.92 (2011)		^[17]
72	072 !19 August 2010	Kimmons, TrellTrell Kimmons	9.95	7008792136800000000♠25 years, 37 days	United States	North America	9.95 (2010)		^[18]
73	073 !29 August 2010	Bailey, RyanRyan Bailey	9.95	7008674632800000000♠21 years, 138 days	United States	North America	9.88 (2010)		^[19]
74	074 !29 August 2010	Forsythe, MarioMario Forsythe	9.99	7008783561600000000♠24 years, 303 days	Jamaica	North America	9.95 (2010)		^[19]
75^[7]	075 !16 April 2011	Mullings, SteveSteve Mullings	9.90	7008895622400000000♠28 years, 139 days	Jamaica	North America	9.80 (2011)	Yes	^[20]
76	076 !23 April 2011	Makusha, NgonidzasheNgonidzashe Makusha	9.97	7008761097600000000♠24 years, 43 days	Zimbabwe	Africa	9.89 (2011)		^[21]
77	077 !4 June 2011	Ashmeade, NickelNickel Ashmeade	9.96	7008667720800000000♠21 years, 58 days	Jamaica	North America	9.90 (2013)		^[22]
78	078 !4 June 2011	Bledman, KestonKeston Bledman	9.93	7008733428000000000♠23 years, 88 days	Trinidad and Tobago	North America	9.86 (2012)		^[23]
79	079 !10 June 2011	Salaam, MookieMookie Salaam	9.97	7008668412000000000♠21 years, 66 days	United States	North America	9.97 (2011)		^[10]
80	080 !30 June 2011	Ndure, Jaysuma SaidyJaysuma Saidy Ndure	9.99	7008851947200000000♠26 years, 364 days	Norway	Europe	9.95 (2014)		^[24]
81	081 !6 June 2012	Adams, HarryHarry Adams	9.96	7008710856000000000♠22 years, 192 days	United States	North America	9.96 (2012)		^[25]
82	082 !7 July 2012	Hyman, KemarKemar Hyman	9.95	7008717595200000000♠22 years, 270 days	Cayman Islands	North America	9.95 (2012)		^[26]
83	083 !7 September 2012	Bailey-Cole, KemarKemar Bailey-Cole	9.97	7008651974400000000♠20 years, 241 days	Jamaica	North America	9.92 (2015)
84	084 !23 May 2013	Young, IsiahIsiah Young	9.99	7008737748000000000♠23 years, 138 days	United States	North America	9.99 (2013)
85	085 !5 June 2013	Locke, DentariusDentarius Locke	9.97	7008740944800000000♠23 years, 175 days	United States	North America	9.96 (2013)		^[27]
86	086 !8 June 2013	Mvumvure, GabrielGabriel Mvumvure	9.98	7008798012000000000♠25 years, 105 days	Zimbabwe	Africa	9.98 (2013)
87	087 !21 June 2013	Silmon, CharlesCharles Silmon	9.98	7008693122400000000♠21 years, 352 days	United States	North America	9.98 (2013)
88	088 !13 July 2013	Dasaolu, JamesJames Dasaolu	9.91	7008815810400000000♠25 years, 311 days	United Kingdom	Europe	9.91 (2013)
89	089 !13 July 2013	Vicaut, JimmyJimmy Vicaut	9.95	7008674460000000000♠21 years, 136 days	France	Europe	9.86 (2015)
90	090 !12 April 2014	Magakwe, SimonSimon Magakwe	9.98 A	7008880826400000000♠27 years, 333 days	South Africa	Africa	9.98 (2014)	Yes	^[28]
91	091 !17 May 2014	Brown, KemarleyKemarley Brown	9.93	7008688716000000000♠21 years, 301 days	Jamaica	North America	9.93 (2014)		^[29]
92	092 !8 June 2014	Ujah, ChijinduChijindu Ujah	9.96	7008639360000000000♠20 years, 95 days	United Kingdom	Europe	9.96 (2014)		^[30]
93^[8]	093 !13 June 2014	Bromell, TrayvonTrayvon Bromell	9.97	7008597240000000000♠18 years, 338 days	United States	North America	9.84 (2015)		^[31]
94	094 !28 September 2014	Ogunode, FemiFemi Ogunode	9.93	7008737575200000000♠23 years, 136 days	Qatar	Asia	9.91 (2015)	Yes	^[32]
95	095 !10 May 2015	Vaughn, ClaytonClayton Vaughn	9.93	7008725371200000000♠22 years, 360 days	United States	North America	9.93 (2015)
96^[9]	096 !17 May 2015	De Grasse, AndreAndre De Grasse	9.97	7008647395200000000♠20 years, 188 days	Canada	North America	9.92 (2015)
97	097 !17 May 2015	Robinson, BryceBryce Robinson	9.99	7008678693600000000♠21 years, 185 days	United States	North America	9.99 (2015)
98	098 !20 May 2015	Bracy, MarvinMarvin Bracy	9.95	7008676188000000000♠21 years, 156 days	United States	North America	9.93 (2015)
99	099 !30 May 2015	Bingtian, SuSu Bingtian	9.99	7008812613600000000♠25 years, 274 days	China	Asia	9.99 (2015)
100	100 !7 June 2015	Gemili, AdamAdam Gemili	9.97	7008683791200000000♠21 years, 244 days	United Kingdom	Europe	9.97 (2015)
101	101 !25 June 2015	Batson, DeondreDeondre Batson	9.94	7008724248000000000♠22 years, 347 days	United States	North America	9.94 (2015)		^[33]
102	102 !25 June 2015	Lee, BeejayBeejay Lee	9.99	7008698414400000000♠22 years, 48 days	United States	North America	9.99 (2015)		^[34]
103	103 !25 June 2015	Butler, QuentinQuentin Butler	9.96	7008718459200000000♠22 years, 280 days	United States	North America	9.96 (2015)		^[35]
104	104 !1 July 2015	Simbine, AkaniAkani Simbine	9.99	7008687160800000000♠21 years, 283 days	South Africa	Africa	9.97 (2015)
105	105 !5 July 2015	Bruintjies, HenrichoHenricho Bruintjies	9.97	7008693295200000000♠21 years, 354 days	South Africa	Africa	9.97 (2015)
106	106 !11 July 2015	Fisher, AndrewAndrew Fisher	9.94	7008743796000000000♠23 years, 208 days	Jamaica	North America	9.94 (2015)

Notes

¹ The continental athletic association that governs the country that the athlete competes for internationally.
² The personal career best time achieved by the sprinter.
³ Denotes a run achieved at a high altitude.
⁴ Francis Obikwelu now competes for Portugal but he first broke the 10-second barrier while competing for Nigeria.
⁵ Canadian Ben Johnson was the sixth runner to achieve the feat (having recorded multiple finishes under ten seconds), but these runs were rescinded after Johnson admitted to using steroids between 1981 and 1988.
⁶ British sprinter Mark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds during the 2001 World Championships quarter-finals on 4 August 2001 (aged 7008596894400000000♠18 years, 334 days) but the wind gauge malfunctioned, invalidating the run.
⁷ At the Jamaican national trials in June 2011, Steve Mullings had tested positive for the drug Furosemide, a masking agent. On 22 November the Jamaican Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel handed him a lifetime ban from athletics.
⁸ Trayvon Bromell had broken the 10-second barrier a total of three times (9.99w, 9.77w, 9.92w) prior to recording 9.97, but all were wind-aided.
⁹ Prior to recording his first legal sub-10 run, Andre De Grasse ran a wind-aided 9.87 on April 18th 2015.

Totals

By year
Year	No. of new athletes
1968	1
1977	1
1983	2
1984	1
1988	1
1989	2
1991	3
1992	3
1993	1
1994	1
1995	2
1996	1
1997	5
1998	2
1999	4
2000	3
2002	4
2003	6
2004	1
2005	5
2006	3
2007	4
2008	10
2009	4
2010	4
2011	6
2012	3
2013	6
2014	5
2015	12

By country
Nation	No. of athletes
United States	47
Jamaica	14
Nigeria	8
United Kingdom	6
Trinidad and Tobago	5
France	3
Canada	3
South Africa	3
Ghana	2
Zimbabwe	2
Qatar	2
Cuba	1
Namibia	1
Barbados	1
Saint Kitts and Nevis	1
Australia	1
Bahamas	1
Netherlands Antilles	1
Antigua and Barbuda	1
Norway	1
Cayman Islands	1
China	1

By continent
Continent	No. of athletes
Africa	16
Asia	3
Europe	10
Oceania	1
North and Central America	76
South America	0

Hand timed marks

The following sprinters all received a hand-timed mark of 9.9 seconds. All the runners held the world record simultaneously. However, the timing may not have been precise.

Sprinters who have broken the 10-second barrier with manual timing
Date first broken	Athlete	Nationality	No. of times broken
001 !20 June 1968	Hines !Jim Hines^[36]	United States	2
002 !20 June 1968	Smith, Ronnie RayRonnie Ray Smith	United States	1
003 !20 June 1968	Greene, CharlesCharles Greene	United States	1
004 !21 June 1972	Williams, SteveSteve Williams	United States	4
005 !1 July 1972	Hart, EddieEddie Hart	United States	1
006 !1 July 1972	Robinson, ReyRey Robinson	United States	1
007 !5 June 1975	Leonard, SilvioSilvio Leonard	Cuba	1
008 !3 April 1976	Glance, HarveyHarvey Glance	United States	2
009 !22 May 1976	Quarrie, DonDon Quarrie	Jamaica	1

References

General

100 Metres All Time. IAAF (2009-06-02). Retrieved on 2009-06-03.

Specific

↑ Gardener, Jason. (2008-08-09). Jason Gardener: I'm backing Tyson Gay to win one of the greatest 100 metres finals. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2009-06-03.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Progression of Official World Records" (PDF). Berlin 2009. IAAF. 2009. pp. 546–7. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
↑ "Oerter sets world mark in discus". Lakeland Ledger (Lakeland, Florida: Associated Press). 28 April 1963. pp. 2–D. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
↑ Drake, Dick (May 1963). "ASU, Oerter Break Marks; Yang Scores Brilliant 9,121". Track & Field News. And then there was Bob Hayes who ran the 100 meters faster than any man under any conditions. But it took a 11 mph wind to enable him to run 9.9.
↑ "Hayes still seriously ill". BBC Online. 16 December 2001. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
↑ Underwood, John (1 July 1968). "Some Old Boys Make A Stand". Sports Illustrated.
1 2 "Track & Field: Breaking the Dash Barrier". Time. 28 June 1968. Archived from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
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External links

"How much faster can humans run?" article from The Independent

Records in athletics

Area records

Senior	Africa Asia Central American and Caribbean Europe North America Oceania South America

Under-23	African U23 Asian U23 CAC U23 European U23 North, Central American and Caribbean U23 Oceanian U23 South American U23

Junior	African Junior Asian Junior CAC Junior European Junior North, Central American and Caribbean Junior Oceanian Junior South American Junior

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South America	South American Championships South American Games South American Under-23 Championships South American Junior Championships South American Youth Championships

Oceania

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