Labialized palatal approximant
| Labialized palatal approximant | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɥ | |||
| jʷ | |||
| IPA number | 171 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) |
ɥ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0265 | ||
| X-SAMPA |
H | ||
| Kirshenbaum |
j<rnd> | ||
| Braille |
  | ||
| |||
| Sound | |||
 source · help | |||
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The labialized palatal approximant, also called the labial–palatal or labio-palatal approximant, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It has two constrictions in the vocal tract: with the tongue on the palate, and rounded at the lips. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɥ⟩, a rotated lowercase letter ⟨h⟩, or occasionally ⟨jʷ⟩, since it is a labialized [j].
The labialized palatal approximant is the semivocalic equivalent of the close front rounded vowel [y]. The two are almost identical featurally. They alternate with each other in certain languages, such as French, and in the diphthongs of some languages, ⟨ɥ⟩ and ⟨y̯⟩ with the non-syllabic diacritic are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.
Features
Features of the labial-palatal approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its place of articulation is called labio-palatal, which means it is labialized palatal, accomplished by raising the body of the tongue toward the palate while rounding the lips.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | ауаҩы | [awaˈɥə] | 'human' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
| Chinese | Mandarin | 月/yuè | [ɥœ˥˩] | 'moon' | See Mandarin phonology |
| Shanghainese[1] | [ɥo̽ʔ⁵] | 'bath' | Allophone of /j/ before rounded vowels.[1] | ||
| French | nuit |  [nɥi] | 'night' | Merges with /w/ or /y/ in Belgian French. See French phonology | |
| Iaai | Contrasts with the voiceless /ɥ̊/. | ||||
| Korean | 귀/gwi | [kɥi] | 'ear' | See Korean phonology | |
| Shipibo[2] | Allophone of /w/ before /i, ĩ/. Only lightly labialized.[2] | ||||
| Swedish | Central Standard[3] | yla | [ˈyɥlä] | 'howl' | Protruded.[3] [yɥ] is a common phonetic realization of /yː/. See Swedish phonology |
| Upper Sorbian | See Upper Sorbian phonology | ||||
| Xumi | Lower[4] | [Rdʑɥɛ] | 'fang' | Allophone of /w/ when preceded by an (alveolo-)palatal initial and/or followed by one of the front vowels /i, e, ɛ/ (in Upper Xumi also /ĩ/).[4][5] | |
| Upper[5] | [Rdɥe] | 'to ask' | |||
See also
References
- 1 2 Chen & Gussenhoven (2015:331)
- 1 2 Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001), p. 283.
- 1 2 Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 295.
- 1 2 Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 368.
- 1 2 Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 387.
Bibliography
- Chen, Yiya; Gussenhoven, Carlos (2015), "Shanghai Chinese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45 (3): 321–327, doi:10.1017/S0025100315000043
- Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), "Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 (3): 363–379, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157
- Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), "Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 (3): 381–396, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
- Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Márquez Pinedo, Luis; Maddieson, Ian (2001), "Shipibo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31 (2): 281–285, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002109
