Zhombe

Coordinates: 18°40′37″S 29°20′56″E / 18.677°S 29.349°E

Zhombe (formerly known as Jombe) is a Rural Communal Land with a few farms and Resettlement areas in the province of Midlands Province in Zimbabwe. It is located about 60 km north-west of Kwekwe and 80 km south-east of Gokwe. There are 14 business centres in the Zhombe constituency. Ten of the business centres are electrified. There are also 2 Rural Service Centres , namely Empress and Joel. There were 53 Primary schools and 18 secondary schools in 2011.[1][2] There are 10 clinics (and 1 mission hospital) and several health centers in Zhombe.[3][4][5] There are over 48 000 cattle, 13 Animal Health Centers and 26 dip tanks within Zhombe constituency.[6]

Jombe

Zhombe is still Jombe with a wrong spelling which came as a result of the French or Portuguese pronunciation. It is common that "Jo" is sometimes pronounced "Zho" in these Central African Names.

Pronunciation

Joboringo School[7] in Charama, Gokwe, and another school of the same name near Shurugwi called Jobolinko[8] (Ndebele form of Joboringo) were both pronounced as Zhoboringo by foreigners in colonial days.[9] Foreigners, especially during the colonial era pronounced vernacular words in their own accent. Take for instance Beijing; Bay-zhing pronounced with the ‘’zh’’ sound. Beijing is a proper noun and we should pronounce it in its original language as Bay-zhing, but we cannot change to spelling to Beizhing.

In French ‘’Joseph’’ is pronounced ‘’Zhozef’’. The pronunciation (spelling) of a name is however not be the spelling of the name.

For example my name is Jason and it is pronounced as JAY-sun where JAY - rhymes with BAY or SAY.[10] Someone at the registry office misspelt my name putting it as it is pronounced__ Jaison.

In French the name Jobelle is poronounced "zho-buhl" not "jo-bel" .[11]

It will not be a surprise if the name Jambezi is a variation of the name Zambezi, for Jambezi is sometimes pronounced as Zhambezi. Jambezi is a village in Zimbabwe, Matabeleland North, close to the mighty Zambezi River. [12]

Jombe Hill

Zhombe is a hill, and a river by the same name[13] | sometimes called Jombe or Jombi.[14] Coordinates 18° 32' 2.15 S" _ -18.53393°S

29° 32' 36.38 S _ 29.54344°E [15]

The location of Zhombe Hill is just less than 3km east of Bhamala Township and the local people like to call it Zungunde the name of an infidel man who used to live up there. The geographic location of Zhombe Hill is in Mashonaland West Province because the provincial boundary is on the Zhombe side of Munyati River well off the banks, and at this place the boundary is about 700m west of the river bank. Local people like to think that the provincial boundary is right at the middle of the river but the truth on any map is that Munyati River is wholly in Mashonaland West Province almost throughout the eastern boundary of Zhombe and the Midlands Province.

Origins of Jombe

Jombe possibly originated from migrant workers who worked with the German gold miners, who had numerous small scale mines in Zhombe and elsewhere in Zimbabwe.[16] They brought Jombe to this part of the world from elsewhere. Jombe is also the name of a type of deep purple chrysanthemum.[17] Jombe is also a surname of several people worldwide. However there must have been Jombe and Zhombe in the 1930s as Esme Newfield puts down in her family biography[18] or there was a market place called Jombe and the other one Zhombe such as Jombe Store and Zhombe Store.

Jombe Elsewhere

In Zimbabwe

Jombe is not a vernacular name, even as most names here are foreign and most names were imported from elsewhere. There is Jombe Clinic[19] in Jombe village, Mutasa District.[20] The French and the Portuguese would pronounce as Zho the Jo and it becomes Zhombe clinic. There is also a mountain in Mashonaland East called Zhombwe sometimes mispronounced as Zhombe.[21] So Zhombe was only the pronunciation of Jombe and someone at the native registrar's office misspelt it because of the pronunciation.

There is also not far from Zhombe a school called Zhombe SDA Primary School in Bombah, Gokwe. There is also Jombe Primary and Secondary Schools in Manicaland

Internationally

Several hills, villages, towns and cities in Africa has the name Jombe. In Angola,[22] Malawi,[23] Mozambique,[24] Zambia[25] and Indonesia[26] there is at least one place named Jombe, and in Nigeria there is Wuso Jombe.[27]

Zhombe Profile by Wards

There are no Wards 3 & 4, and 18 to 25 in the current Zhombe Constituency. Wards 1 and 2 have since been scratched from Zhombe Constituency to Chirumanzu-Zivagwe Constituency, but still part of Zhombe Communal Lands.

Ward 1

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Health Centers

Ward 2

Primary Schools

Health Centers

.

Ward 5

This ward was where the late legendary Sungura Musician Tongai Dhewa Moyo grew up. [30]


Primary Schools

Secondary Schools Njeremoto Secondary School Est ?

Mabura (Ward 6)

Business & Service Centers

Samambwa Village was the rural home of one of Zimbabwe's finest young politicians, the late Learnmore Judah Jongwe[32]

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Health Centers Samambwa Clinic 1 nurse and 1 helper. 8 beds

Other Facilities

Sidakeni (Ward 7)

This is where the Rural Home of the Sungura songster Somandla Ndebele is. Soma started singing as a member of the Sidakeni Secondary School choir.[39] That choir won first prize in the provincial choral competition, and from then Somandla pursued a career in Music.

Business & Service Centers

Coordinates

Latitude 18° 26' 51"S | 18.4475 S

Longitude 29° 28' 39"E | 29.4775 E

Sidakeni used to be Zhombe East's mother center with Samambwa Council offices and the Samambwa Police Base at the center. For the fact that it is only 3 km east of Empress Sidakeni has lost its pontential of becoming the talk of Zhombe East. However one of the clinics that serves Empress is at Sidakeni with the other being at Rio Tinto Agricultural College . There are two school of the same name at this center, a primary one and a secondary one.

St Peter's Munyati Township is the very first township as you enter Midlands from Kadoma which is in Mashonaland West It is also the first township after Munyati River Bridge on the same route. The township is also known as KwaHove after the pioneer businessman the late Mr Hove. St Peter's Munyati is a primary school some 700 meters from the center. This place has grown well in as much that it now beats Sidakeni in business.

This place was also the first rural home area of the chief Gospel music pioneer in Zimbabwe Baba Mechanic Manyeruke in the mid-70's. He resided in Mubereki Village just behind Tagwirei Grindill Mill.

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Health Centers

Animal Health Centers

Dip Tanks

Empress Mine (Ward 8)

Empress Mine Ward, in which Empress Mine Growth Point is situated, got its name from the now defunct Empress Nickel Mine which operated at this location for nearly 2 decades. The mine came into operation in late 1968 and closed in 1985.[43]


For public convenience the Registrar General has set up the Empress Mine Sub Office at the Old Empress Mine Offices, next to the ZRP Samambwa Base[44] where people can register IDs, births and deaths.

Business & Service Centers

Totororo Township is one of the oldest townships in Zhombe east. Totororo had conventional telephones during the 1960s while most centers had not even seen a telephone hand and mouth pieces. There was a very serious businessman called Piki at the center way back then. After independence of Zimbabwe, Totororo produced another serious businessman who made sure the center was electrified from his own coffers. Unfortunately Mr Mapolisa did not live long to see his efforts over-spill to other areas like Bhamala and St George. Presently Totororo is second in business activities from Empress-Machipisa and statistically St George's comes third in all Zhombe East

Bhamala or Bamala township used to be the biggest and most prominent township in all Zhombe East. The catchment area of Bhamala is not so big and business growth at this place is limited. One could get anything at this shopping center in past years, but for a much higher price, of course because only one omnibus serviced the route and it also served as a delivery vehicle for retail shops at the center. The place is surrounded by "Makorokoza" gold paners so the people there are not worried about spending. Like Mushangi shopping Center above, Bhamala has also lost its cool to other centers like St George's above. Bhamala or Bamala is a headman and chief villager of this area. There is Bhamala Primary School and Bhamhara Secondary School at this center. There is also a very active and ongoing Co-operative Society called Karigamombe at the center. Karigamombe has been functional since the early 1980s. It is one of the few ongoing co-operative societies of the early eighties in all Zimbabwe.

Bhamala school relocated to this area from about 2 km South-east of where it stands now way back in the sixties. Elderly locals know about this very well but only a handful of the younger generations have come about this piece of history.

The late Abet Dube, Headman Bamala's son-in-law was head at that Old Bamala School.

The names Bamala and Bhamala both have the Indian-Pakistan origins since both are not for any Bantu clan. During colonial days the white bosses would give their servants whatever name they saw fit and eventually register them with the registrar general's office.

On a lighter note

Bhamala city of Pakistan__[46]

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Higher Education There is Rio Tinto College of Agriculture at Empress Mine Township, Zimbabwe 3.5 km south of Columbina Rural Service Center The college trains agricultural extension officers, however some students opts for other fields soon after completion of the three year Diploma in Agricultural Science and Practice The college is also known as RioZim Foundation Zhombe Agricultural College [49]

Health Centers

Dip Tanks

Gwesela West (Ward 9)

Primary Schoolss

Secondary Schools

Health Centers

Zhombe Central (Ward 10)

Business & Service Centers

Joel __ Zhombe Center Joel, named after the famous Joel Tessa businessman. This is Zhombe Center. The pioneer business people of this place were Mr Joel Tessa, Mr Nguruve and Mr Munhumurehwa, but the most prominent one was Joel, hence the place was known as Joel. Zhombe Joel is the current mother center of all Zhombe. Zhombe Police Station, Zhombe Grain Marketing Board Depot, Zhombe Cattle Sale Pens, Rio Tinto Zhombe High School, Zibabgwe Rural District Council Zhombe Offices, Zhombe Constituency Information Center, Zhombe Post Office and Chief Gwesela's Homestead are all at Zhombe Joel.

Mushangi Mushangi used to be a bit dangerous especially during the festive seasons as there were many people who loitered at the center aimlessly. Nowadays everybody seems to be busy in various self-help projects and the idea of vandals has long vanished from this area. This center used to be a well-known township, but now it has lost its cool. however it remains a historic point in Zhombe particularly to the elderly of the area.

Some of the famous figures in Zhombe East's Donjane area include

Some fallen heroes of this area include

St George's Township St George's started off with only one shop owned by Nedhi Duro, the late former School Head. For years people who live in and around had only the Nedhi Shop to shop at. The place was very remote but in the year 2000, some fellow bought a place at the point and built a much bigger shop, grinding mills and in no time, it became a well-known township in the whole of Chief Samambwa area. The center has a very big catchment area for business. St George's is a primary school at the center, hence St George's Shopping Center. Donjane Rural Health Center and Clinic is about 200 metres from the center, and there is an active gold mine just behind the clinic.

This is the location with small scale mines ear-marked for a pilot programme to train and equip youths for full scale mining in Zimbabwe. [53][54][55]

St Andrew’s __ Majaqaba St Andrew's best shops were the Nyaningwes that were owned by veteran businessman, Mr Choga, also known as "Skondai." That was way back “90s. Presently various business people run shops at Majaqaba Township, including Mr Majaqaba himself. The center was formally known as Mukolwane after one Zhombe east's historical headman Muzondeki Mukolwane. St Andrew's is a nearby primary school. Some like to call this place Majaqaba.

Primary Schools

Special Note ___ Gwesela St Andrews Primary School produced the best 2013 Girls Soccer Team in the Midlands Region.[57]

Secondary Schools

Health Centers

Ward 11

Business & Service Centers

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Health Centers

Ward 12

Primary Schools

‘’’Secondary Schools’’

Health Centers

Ward 13

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Ward 14

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Health Centers

Ward 15

Primary Schools

__ All schools in this ward were established after independence of Zimbabwe

Health Center

Ward 16

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

health Centers

Ward 17

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Ward 26

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Summary

Traditional Leaders

There are four chiefs in Zhombe; 2 in Zhombe-east and 2 in Zhombe-west.

The most popular headmen in all Zhombe is Nduku in Zhombe-west and S Samambwa in Zhombe-east. The two are usually mistaken for chiefs.

Historical events

Zhombe, particularly Zhombwe East, is where the late Chief Samambwa used to reside. He died in 2009. His jurisdiction extends as far as Empress, Sidakeni and Mangwarangwara. Zhombe East is rich in gold, which has saved the lives of the majority of Zhombe residents who had resorted to gold panning for the past 5 years of drought.

Installation of the new chief has not yet been officially made but the eldest son of the late chief Willard Sonny Samambwa is currently chief in an acting capacity. Any changes will be published in the Government Publication _ List of Traditional Leaders in Zimbabwe.

Locally notable people

Other popular figures elsewhere in Zhombe-East othe than those mentioned in Mushangi Donjane include

__just to name a few.

Food Security

Food crops that are popularly grown in Zhombe include maize, groundnuts, roundnuts, sorghum, millet and cotton. The two irrigation schemes in Zhombe east also farm beans and okra seasonally.

Water reticulation

The constituency has a total of 352 boreholes and 72 deep wells from which residents draw water. Of that figure, 257 boreholes and 57 deep wells are functioning as in 2011.[75]

Developments

Empress Mine Township has since been ear-marked for the newest town in Zimbabwe, and developments are already taking place, however slowly. A new mine venture has sprung up at the Old Commoner mine dumps, and is doing very well, employing over a hundred people from the surrounding villages.

Totororo, a township between Empress and Bhamala is growing fast due to the opening of a new mine in the vicinity.

There are also 3 Cotton Marketing Boad depots in the constituency.

There are three Irrigation Schemes at Senkwasi, Ngondoma[76] 1 and Ngondoma 2 respectively. The two Ngondoma Irrigation Schemes are supplied by Ngondoma Dam via gradient carnal water system; no electricity or any fuel used to pump water along the +3 km carnal route.

Social

In Donjane area during the early 1990s, the entertainment industry emerged through the likes of one of the Kerere sons who used to sing the song by the name of Kufamba kwake Miriyemu kunobuda mapepa which was often played in Ndari (i.e. in households where local home brewed beer was sold).

Politics

Political atmosphere has substantially changed in Zhombe East. This area has been known for years for being politically stable and violence free, and since the days of the Government of National Unity (GNU), Zhombe residents have been witnessing free expression of political views. The elders have been urging the youngsters not to be used by politicians, to murder, torture and harass people for the politicians' political self-interest. The peace loving people of Zhombe detest political violence and people who come to inflict violent mentality in the minds of Zhombe people have been greatly criticized by Zhombe residents. According to recent updates, the Zhombe people remain devoted to unity, peace and prosperity of their villages. Any politician or anyone acting on behalf of politicians, who comes to address the people of Zhombe using violent language or hate speech and encouraging torture (that includes physical infliction of pain) will be risking losing the hearts of the people, and consequently will be regarded as an abomination to the constituency. The Zhombe people have politically matured and are very much updated about their rights.

History

Former Council offices

In the days Zimbabwe was Rhodesia the Local Government ministry established local council offices in chieftains.

Gwesela Council

There were council offices across Gwenzi River, directly opposite Zhombe Mission, on the other side of Gwenzi Dam. These were the Gwesela Council offices and a council ran beer-hall called Important. Makuva Store was the store of the days then at this township.

Samambwa Council

Samambwa Council office and beer-hall were at Sidakeni Township. The beer-hall at Sidakeni is still there though not so active these very recent years.

F.2 Secondary Schools

The present day Rio Tinto Zhombe High School was formally an F.2 school. F.2 school students would complete Form Four (Ordinary level) after 5 years of secondary education with practice on subjects like building, metal work, dress-making and the like. F.2s sat for N.C.E (National Certificate of Education) examinations (at J.C., Junior Certificate), unlike their counterparts the F.1s who sat for GCE Junior then Senior Certificate (Cambridge University) exams.

There was no formal secondary school in Zhombe before independence, let alone this F2 school built by Rio Tinto in the mid-1970s. The nearest Mission Secondary school was Loreto in Silobela.

Kasisi Lower Primary School

There was a primary school at Kasisi Village, between Bhamala and St Peters Munyati School. It was a lower primary school called Kasisi. The school was closed because not many pupils were in its location, and the road network and terrain is poor even up to today.

Old Loop Roads

There was a bus road that linked Zhombe-Joel with Donjane. The road branched off the Zhombe Joel-Sidakeni road at Xaba Shops just north of where the Tel-One booster is now, and it went all the way through Manzimunyama to Mutohwe in Donjane near St Mukasa’s Roman Catholic Church. It was serviced by a United Bus Service bus six days a week, making one non-returning trip per day. Another road also branched from the Zhombe Joel-Sidakeni road at Sengezi Cross and went east to join the Bhamala-Totororo road. Actually the original road was the Bhamala-Sengezi one, and the one from Totororo was secondary. This explains why the road from Totororo to Bhamala seem to have been misplaced; it runs away from the direction of either center into no-man's land only to make a sharp turn much later, to the right direction. Right at that sharp turn did the road to Sengezi Cross branched.

The Two Chiefs' School Days

St Andrew's (Gwesela) School used to be the best Upper Primary School in Zhombe East. It had Sub A and Sub B (Sub-standard) then Standard 1 to Standard 6. It meant one had to complete primary school in 8 years. The late Chief Nobody Gwesela and the current acting Chief Willard Samambwa did primary school at St Andrews in the same years when the Head Teacher was Mr. Nyakura Sibanda. Those were the days when St Andrew's was strictly an Anglican school with Father Sototombe being the responsible priest. Father Sototombe however came for mass once a week from town.

The First Mission School

St Martin de Porres School, Zhombe Mission was also a notable school those days. [The greater part of the sixties and seventies Mr. C E Mapfumo was Headmaster with Mr Tsikira of Zhombe East deputizing. Mr. Fuzani "Mhlaba" mentioned here elsewhere was always the Senior Choir Master, Mr. Tshuma (now at St Peter's Munyati) was always Junior Choir Master, Mr. Charles Ncube "Mawela" always to the PE team and Mr. Joseph Mudavanhu took Marching. Most of these are late now.] Lower Primary Schools' final exams were held at Zhombe Mission. All Grade 5 or Std. 3 exams were held at one place for all schools that were not Upper Primary. Upper Primary Schools were those that had Std. 6 and later Grade 7, and Lower Primary were those school that had up to Grade 5 only. This explains why Chief Willard Samambwa and the late Chief Nobody Gwesela ended being at St Andrew's School. Chief Chakaipa Gwesela, the father of Nobody Gwesela resided near Semakazi Kpje those days, before he shifted to Zhombe Joel. Chief Chakaipa Gwesela under-studied Sub-chief Muzondeki Mukolwane who resided near where Majaqaba Shops (St Andrew's) are situated now.

Zhombe Store

Zhombe Store, near Zhombe Bridge (Old Somalala-Zhombe Mission dust road) was the best shop in the area. You could find almost anything there. Fountain Pens, Nibs, Pen-holders and ink were always available at Zhombe Store. In the sixties schools did not use today's pens but Fountain pens or pen-holders fitted with a nib for dipping in ink for writing. Buses and delivery vans past right at the front of Zhombe Store, so supplies were never short at this store. United Bus Service (now ZUPCO) and Kambasha Bus Service were the only buses that serviced the Que-Que (Kwekwe)-Gokwe road.

First Black School Inspector

Today's Sabhuku Kadzunge (Village Head) was a schools inspector well before independence. He was a high-ranking official in the education sector, the equivalent of today’s Education Officer.

Special Notice

Most of the above concerns Zhombe East. We are compiling Zhombe West, and help is needed from Zhombe West locals and other stake holders.

See also

Empress, Columbina RSC

Sources

References

  1. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136&Itemid=91
  2. ↑ Parliament of Zimbabwe, Constituency Information article 136, Zhombe.pdf _ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  3. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136&Itemid=91
  4. ↑ Parliament of Zimbabwe, Constituency Information article 136, Zhombe.pdf _ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  5. ↑ Health facilities in selected Disticts__ http://nhis.mohcc.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=66?countryname=&PROV_NAME=&SITE_IDL=02630704&SITE_NAME=KWEKWE
  6. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136&Itemid=91
  7. ↑ Joboringo School http://www.herald.co.zw/man-fatally-assaults-soccer-referee/
  8. ↑ http://zw.geoview.info/zhoboringo_school,878717#
  9. ↑ Zhoboringo School http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/zimbabwe/z/zh.html
  10. ↑ Pronunciation of Jason http://www.pronouncenames.com/pronounce/jason
  11. ↑ Jobelle pronounced as Zhobel | http://mobile.twitter.com/IndayJobelle/status/505908738402701312
  12. ↑ Jambezi http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-3191525&fid=6787&c=zimbabwe
  13. ↑ http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/zimbabwe/z/zh.html
  14. ↑ Jombi Hill, Jombi River http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/zimbabwe/j/jo.html
  15. ↑ http://zwe.geonamebase.com/m/node/196
  16. ↑ To this day, from the plains of the low veld, the valley of Mazowe to the mountains of the Eastern Highlands and the Great Dyke, one can still trace the trail of abandoned gold mines left by the German miners. http://www.ziminvestors.com/goldminingzimbabwe/
  17. ↑ http://www.parents.com/blogs/in-name-only/tag/booker-jombe/
  18. ↑ My father in his day was a storekeeper, butcher and baker and I remember as a small child traveling With him out on the Gokwe Road to Zhombe and Jombe, buying cattle for his butchery. I remember Chief Kassela a most hospitable man. http://www.zjc.org.il/showpage.php?pageid=90 _ Chief Kassela mentioned here must be Chief Gwesela
  19. ↑ Jombe Village in Mutasa District http://www.blarbus.co.zw/listings/jombemutasa-district/
  20. ↑ column 43. Jombe RDC Clinic | https://github.com/mihi-tr/dpkg-zimbabwe-hospitals/blob/master/data/provincial_and_district_hospitals.csv
  21. ↑ http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/tburke1/8bsyllabus/gurupira.html
  22. ↑ Jombe in Angola http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4009204&fid=314&c=angola
  23. ↑ Jombe in Malawi http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2118151&fid=3856&c=malawi
  24. ↑ Jombe in Mozambique http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=466478&fid=4237&c=mozambique
  25. ↑ Jombe in Zambia http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-3153215&fid=6746&c=zambia
  26. ↑ Jombe in Indonesia http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=10409963&fid=2493&c=indonesia
  27. ↑ Wuro Jombe in Nigeria http://www.worldplaces.net/nga/00/wuro-jombe/
  28. ↑ Paragraph 2.0-2.2 _ Ward 1 http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  29. ↑ Paragraph 3.0-3.2 Ward 2 http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  30. ↑ Sungura musician, Tongai Moyo has been buried at his rural home in Sosombe village in Zhombe. http://www.thezimbabwedaily.com/zimbabwe/9332-tongai-moyo-laid-to-rest-as-minister-shamu-highjacks-funeral.html |Date 2011, October 18 | retrieved 2014, December 08.
  31. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  32. ↑ Learnmore was born in Samambwa village in Zhombe on the 28TH of April 1974. http://blevava.blogspot.com/2011/10/obituary-in-memory-of-learnmore-judah.html?m=1
  33. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  34. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  35. ↑ "h2g2 - Seabird Guano and Bat Dung". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-11-30
  36. ↑ Barber B 1991. Phosphate resources of Zimbabwe. Fert. Res. 30:247-278. __ http://www.uoguelph.ca/~geology/rocks_for_crops/56zimbabwe.PDF
  37. ↑ Rocks for Crops_323_ http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/international/dfid-kar/CR02121N_col.pdf
  38. ↑ BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT CR/02/121/N__Local phosphate resources for sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa__J D Appleton
  39. ↑ I developed a passion for music while I was in secondary school at Sidakeni High School in Zhombe. | http://m.allafrica.com/stories/201010200100.html/
  40. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  41. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  42. ↑ All Health centers mentioned elsewhere in these wards have the same source and reference as this one __ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  43. ↑ http://www.onemine.org/search/summary.cfm/Hydraulic-Sandfilling-to-Improve-Stability-at-Empress-Nickel-Mine?d=4439814DC278253380F1379BF6AD6D4879D148908F66C739910D4911850F407929453
  44. ↑ http://www.rg.gov.zw/offices/midlands/kwekwe
  45. ↑ Bamala is a village located in the Betul district of Madhya-Pradesh state,India.__WikiEdit.Org__ http://wikiedit.org/India/Bamala/133760/
  46. ↑ Bhamala City in Pakistan __ http://www.newstrackindia.com/information/locations/Pakistan/1784071-city-bhamala.htm
  47. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  48. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  49. ↑ http://www.egfar.org/organizations/rio-tinto-agricultural-college
  50. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  51. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  52. ↑ Last month, Kwekwe Rural District Coordinating Committee chairman George Valentine Makombe was elbowed out as chairman following allegations that he was aligned to the Mujuru camp. In an attempt to save his political life, Makombe wrote to Machaya seeking recourse and reinstatement, accusing his detractors of targeting him along factional lines.__ https://www.newsday.co.zw/2010/08/17/2010-08-17-daggers-out-for-midlands-governor/
  53. ↑ About 200,000 other artisanal miners, popularly known as Makorokoza (gold panners), are expected to be formally registered before also undergoing training. Health and safety, drilling, blasting and mining engineering will covered in the training and the centres. A pilot centre has been earmarked for Zhombe. __ Dosman Mangisi, the ZMF spokesperson, said the EU grant would see a long-term boost for gold volumes. __ http://www.thezimbabwean.co/news/zimbabwe-news/73097/zmf-commends-1m-grant-to.html
  54. ↑ Mines minister Walter Chidhakwa told Senate last Thursday that the move will empower small scale gold miners and enable them to sell their gold as near as possible. “We will start with Zhombe and provide services such as milling and we also want to assist the small scale miners with the issue of environmental impact assessment and have geologists from the ministry helping them,” said Chidhakwa. |Veneranda Langa | Staff REPORTER | 2014-02-17 | Gold Miners Association of Zimbabwe | http://gmaz.org/wp/small-scale-gold-miners-to-get-support/
  55. ↑ Government has temporarily shut down 11 gold mining companies for non-compliance with mining regulations in a drastic measure to curb gold leakages and increase deliveries. Gold leakages have been cited as a major contributor to the decline in gold sales from 27 tonnes in 1999 to 12 tonnes per year now.__ Government will also establish gold service centers to cater for small-scale miners, with the first one being expected to be established at St George’s in Zhombe. http://teamzimbabwe.org/govt-shuts-down-11-gold-mines/ | retrieved 2014-12-03
  56. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  57. ↑ The 2013 National Tournament was held in December in the town of Masvingo. The girls' soccer team of Gwesela St. Andrew primary school won the regional tournament and the opportunity to represent the Midlands province at the national tournament. The team is from the KweKwe district where Clothes for Smiles is providing aid. __ http://clothesforsmiles.uniqlo.com/en/report/detail3_04.html
  58. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  59. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  60. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  61. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  62. ↑ Junior Achievement in Zimbabwe has helped a lot of young people in and out of school to develop their skills in business and entrepreneurship to create a better understanding of their lives and their communities. Starting as early as primary school (5th grade) up to high school, JAZ has helped equip learners with skills and tools that are needed in this "world of businesses" __ http://www.jazimbabwe.org.zw/kwekwe.html
  63. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  64. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  65. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  66. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  67. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  68. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  69. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  70. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  71. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  72. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  73. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  74. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  75. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136&Itemid=91
  76. ↑ http://www.medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=pjssci.2005.922.927
  77. ↑ http://www.medwelljournals.com/abstract/?doi=pjssci.2005.922.927
  78. ↑ http://www.egfar.org/organizations/rio-tinto-agricultural-college
  79. ↑ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=136&Itemid=91
  1. ↑ Parliament of Zimbabwe, Constituency Information article 136, Zhombe.pdf _ http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/136/Zhombe.pdf
  2. ↑ Junior Achievement in Zimbabwe has helped a lot of young people in and out of school to develop their skills in business and entrepreneurship to create a better understanding of their lives and their communities. Starting as early as primary school (5th grade) up to high school, JAZ has helped equip learners with skills and tools that are needed in this "world of businesses" __http://www.jazimbabwe.org.zw/kwekwe.html
  3. ↑ http://nhis.mohcc.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55&Itemid=66?countryname=&PROV_NAME=&SITE_IDL=02630704&SITE_NAME=KWEKWE