Zafadola
Aḥmad III Abū Yaʿfar ibn ʿAbd al-Malik al-Mustanṣir[1] (died 5 February 1146),[2] called Sayf al-Dawla ("Sword of the Dynasty"), corrupted to Zafadola,[lower-alpha 1] was the last ruler of the Hudid dynasty. He ruled the rump of the taifa kingdom of Zaragoza from his castle at Rueda de Jalón. He was the son of Abdelmalik.
After the city of Zaragoza was conquered by the Almoravids in 1110, Abdelmalik and Sayf al-Dawla fled to Rueda to resist the invaders. There they received help from Alfonso the Battler, king of Aragon.[3][4] Their state was reduced to the towns of Rueda and Borja and their hinterland.[3] In 1130 Abdelmalik died. In 1131 Sayf al-Dawla sent messengers to the court of King Alfonso VII of León to propose his rendering homage to Alfonso. The latter sent an embassy led by Count Rodrigo Martínez and the king's counsellor Gutierre Fernández de Castro to Rueda to make final arrangements. The taifa king and his sons then went to Alfonso, surrendered Rueda to him and became his vassals.[5] Alfonso in turn gave Sayf al-Dawla territory in the Kingdom of Toledo and the task of defending a sector of the southern frontier from the Almoravids.[6]
Sayf al-Dawla took part in battles with the Almoravids in Jaén, Granada and Murcia, and also fought against Alfonso the Battler.[5] In 1135 he attended Alfonso VII's imperial coronation in León. He was defending the southern border in 1146, when Alfonso VII sent some of his leading knights—Manrique de Lara, Ponce de Cabrera and Armengol de Urgel—to assist him. In a dispute with the Spaniards, Sayf al-Dawla was killed during the battle of Chinchilla.[6][7]
Notes
- ↑ The author of the contemporary Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris refers to Sayf al-Dawla as rex Zafadola sarracenorum, "king of the Saracens".
- ↑ Maíllo Salgado 2008, p. 140 n. 260.
- ↑ Ubieto Arteta 1961, p. 245.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Catlos 2004, p. 75.
- ↑ Canal Sánchez-Pagín 2003, p. 47.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 García-Osuna Rodríguez 2012, pp. 143–44.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 García Fitz 2004, pp. 238–40.
- ↑ Barton 1997, p. 175.
References
- Barton, Simon (1997). The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (2003). "El conde Gómez González de Candespina: su historia y su familia". Anuario de estudios medievales 33 (1): 37–68.
- Catlos, Brian A. (2004). The Victors and the Vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050–1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- García Fitz, Francisco (2004). "¿Una «España musulmana, sometida y tributaria»? la España que no fue" (PDF). Historia. Instituciones. Documentos 31: 227–48.
- García-Osuna Rodríguez, José María Manuel (2012). "El rey Alfonso VII «El emperador» de León" (PDF). Anuario brigantino 35: 99–160.
- Maíllo Salgado, Felipe; Ibn al-Kardabūs (2008). Historia de al-Ándalus (3rd ed.). Madrid: Akal.
- Ubieto Arteta, Antonio (1961). "La Historia Roderici y su fecha de redacción" (PDF). Saitabi: revista de la Facultat de Geografia i Història 11: 241–46.
Further reading
- Huici Miranda, Ambrosio (1962). "Los Banu Hud de Zaragoza, Alfonso el Batallador y los almoravides (Nuevas aportaciones)". Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragon 1: 7–37.