Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ (Russian)
—  Autonomous okrug  —

Flag
Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug[1]
Coordinates: 67°15′N 74°40′E / 67.250°N 74.667°ECoordinates: 67°15′N 74°40′E / 67.250°N 74.667°E
Political status
Country  Russia
Federal district Ural[2]
Economic region West Siberian[3]
Established December 10, 1930[4]
Administrative center Salekhard[5]
Government (as of April 2015)
 - Governor[6] Dmitry Kobylkin[7]
 - Legislature Legislative Assembly[6]
Statistics
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[8]
 - Total 750,300 km2 (289,700 sq mi)
Area rank 6th
Population (2010 Census)[9]
 - Total 522,904
 - Rank 71st
 - Density[10] 0.7/km2 (1.8/sq mi)
 - Urban 84.7%
 - Rural 15.3%
Population (January 2015 est.)
 - Total 540,000[11]
Time zone(s) YEKT (UTC+05:00)[12]
ISO 3166-2 RU-YAN
License plates 89
Official languages Russian[13]
Official website

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг, Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug; Nenets: Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard, and its largest city is Noyabrsk. Population: 522,904 (2010 Census).[9]

Geography and natural history

Map of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe that have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus maritimus) continues up to the present time.[14]

Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

History

On December 10, 1930, Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug (Ямальский (Ненецкий) национальный округ) was formed based on Ural Oblast.

Administrative divisions

Demographics

Population: 522,904 (2010 Census);[9] 507,006 (2002 Census);[15] 486,164 (1989 Census).[16]

Vital statistics

Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000)
1970 84 1 683 879 804 20.0 10.5 9.6
1975 127 2 307 819 1 488 18.2 6.4 11.7
1980 194 3 347 1 178 2 169 17.3 6.1 11.2
1985 374 7 838 1 555 6 283 21.0 4.2 16.8
1990 489 8 032 1 631 6 401 16.4 3.3 13.1
1991 483 7 121 1 623 5 498 14.7 3.4 11.4
1992 470 6 123 2 108 4 015 13.0 4.5 8.5
1993 466 5 697 2 764 2 933 12.2 5.9 6.3
1994 473 6 274 2 998 3 276 13.3 6.3 6.9
1995 483 6 337 3 107 3 230 13.1 6.4 6.7
1996 489 6 241 3 004 3 237 12.8 6.1 6.6
1997 495 6 208 2 715 3 493 12.5 5.5 7.1
1998 498 6 395 2 544 3 851 12.8 5.1 7.7
1999 498 6 071 2 608 3 463 12.2 5.2 7.0
2000 497 5 839 2 763 3 076 11.7 5.6 6.2
2001 501 6 388 3 057 3 331 12.8 6.1 6.7
2002 506 6 635 2 934 3 701 13.1 5.8 7.3
2003 510 7 163 3 093 4 070 14.1 6.1 8.0
2004 511 7 264 2 975 4 289 14.2 5.8 8.4
2005 512 7 148 3 099 4 049 14.0 6.0 7.9
2006 513 7 036 3 000 4 036 13.7 5.8 7.9
2007 515 7 700 2 937 4 763 14.9 5.7 9.2
2008 517 7 892 2 959 4 933 15.3 5.7 9.5
2009 519 8 216 2 924 5 292 15.8 5.6 10.2
2010 522 8 263 2 873 5 390 15.8 5.5 10.3

Regional demographics for 2008 (Jan-Oct)[17]

Raion Pp (2007) Births Deaths Growth BR DR NGR
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 538,600 5,814 2,202 3,612 14.39 5.45 0.89%
Salekhard 40,500 499 256 243 16.43 8.43 0.80%
Gubkinsky 22,300 263 71 192 15.72 4.25 1.15%
Labytnangi 27,700 333 212 121 16.03 10.20 0.58%
Muravlenko 37,000 361 104 257 13.01 3.75 0.93%
Nadym 48,500 443 197 246 12.18 5.42 0.68%
Novy Urengoy 117,000 1122 334 788 12.79 3.81 0.90%
Noyabrsk 109,900 1029 384 645 12.48 4.66 0.78%
Krasnoselkupsky 6,200 99 41 58 21.29 8.82 1.25%
Nadymsky 21,300 221 67 154 13.83 4.19 0.96%
Priuralsky 15,300 179 72 107 15.60 6.27 0.93%
Purovsky 49,900 548 195 353 14.64 5.21 0.94%
Tazovsky 17,200 268 92 176 20.78 7.13 1.36%
Shuryshkarsky 9,900 144 69 75 19.39 9.29 1.01%
Yamalsky 15,900 305 108 197 25.58 9.06 1.65%

Ethnic groups

The Nenets make up 5.9% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians (61.7%), Ukrainians (9.7%), and Tatars (5.6%). Other prominent ethnic groups include Belarusians (1.3%), Khants (1.9%), Azerbaijanis (1.8%), Bashkirs (1.7%), Komi (1%), and Moldovans (0.9%) (all figures are from the 2010 Census).[9] Due to the area's oil and natural gas wealth, it is one of the few places in Russia where the ethnic Russian population is growing.

Ethnic
group		 1939 Census 1959 Census 1970 Census 1979 Census 1989 Census 2002 Census 2010 Census1
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Nenets 13,45429.3% 13,97722.4% 17,53821.9% 17,40411.0% 20,9174.2% 26,4355.2% 29,7725.9%
Khants 5,36711.7% 5,5198.9% 6,5138.1% 6,4664.1% 7,2471.5% 8,7601.7% 9,4891.9%
Komi 4,72210.3% 4,8667.8% 5,4456.8% 5,6423.6% 6,0001.2% 6,1771.2% 5,1411.0%
Selkups 870.2% 1,2452.0% 1,7102.1% 1,6111.0% 1,5300.3% 1,7970.4% 1,9880.4%
Russians 19,30842.1% 27,78944.6% 37,51846.9% 93,75059.0% 292,80859.2% 298,35958.8% 312,01961.7%
Ukrainians 3950.9% 1,9213.1% 3,0263.8% 15,7219.9% 85,02217.2% 66,08013.0% 48,9859.7%
Tatars 1,6363.6% 3,9526.3% 4,6535.8% 8,5565.4% 26,4315.3% 27,7345.5% 28,5095.6%
Others 8711.9% 3,0654.9% 3,5744.5% 9,6946.1% 54,88911.1% 71,66414.1% 74,62514.3%
1 17,517 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[18]

Religion

Religion in Yamalia (2012)[19][20]

  Russian Orthodox (42.2%)
  Muslim (18%)
  Unaffiliated Christian (14%)
  Rodnover and shaman (1%)
  Other Orthodox (1%)
  Starover (1%)
  Protestant (1%)
  Spiritual but not religious (14%)
  Atheist (8%)
  Other or undeclared (0.8%)

According to a 2012 official survey[19] 42.2% of the population of Yamalia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 14% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% adheres to other Orthodox Churches, 1% to Slavic Rodnovery (Slavic Neopaganism) or to shamanic religions, 1% to forms of Protestantism; Muslims, mostly Caucasian peoples and Tatars, make up 18% of the total population. In addition, 14% of the population deems itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% is atheist, and 0.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[19]

Economy

Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production.[21] The region is of utmost importance to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek – the country's second largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarteres located in Tarko-Sale.

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Notes

  1. ↑ Law #119-ZAO
  2. ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  3. ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  4. ↑ Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article 1
  5. ↑ Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article 15
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article 11
  7. ↑ Official website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Dmitry Nikolayevich Kobylkin, Governor of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian)
  8. ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  10. ↑ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
  11. ↑ Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения (Russian)
  12. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  13. ↑ Official on the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  14. ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
  15. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  16. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года[All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  17. ↑ http://www.oblstat.tmn.ru/statinfo\act\dwiz.htm
  18. ↑ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
  20. ↑ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
  21. ↑ "Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area". Kommersant. 2004-03-05. Retrieved 2009-08-26.

Sources