Yakovlev Yak-44

Yak-44
Role Carrier-based Airborne Early Warning and Control
Manufacturer Yakovlev
Status Cancelled before prototype construction



The Yakovlev Yak-44 was a proposed twin turboprop Airborne Early Warning (AEW) aircraft, resembling the United States Navy's E-2 Hawkeye, and intended for use with the Soviet Navy's Ulyanovsk class supercarriers. Along with the aircraft carrier it would have flown from, the Yak-44 was cancelled after the demise of the Soviet Union. A full-scale mock-up with foldable wings was built.

Design and development

In the late 1970s, the Soviet Navy started adopted a plan to build large aircraft carriers capable of operating conventional aircraft rather than the VSTOL Yakovlev Yak-38s operated by the existing Kiev class aircraft carriers. These new carriers would require a shipborne airborne early warning (AEW) aircraft to be effective, and the Yakovlev design bureau was instructed to develop such an aircraft in 1979.<ref name=Conway p372">Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 372.</ref>[1] While the AEW would be the primary role for the aircraft, it was also planned to develop versions to serve in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and carrier on-board delivery (COD) roles.[1][2]

The basic layout and size of the final Yak-44E design was similar to that of the Grumman E-2C which operated in the same role from American aircraft carriers, being a twin-engined high-winged monoplane with a rotodome above the aircraft's fuselage. The Yak-44 was designed to carry much more fuel, and was therefore far heavier.[1][2] The engines were to be two Zaporozhye D-227 propfans rated at 14,000 ehp (10,290 kW), each driving contra-rotating propellers. The crew of five were to be accommodated in a pressurized fuselage, while the aircraft's rotodome, carrying a NPO Vega pulse-doppler radar could be retracted to reduce the aircraft's height when stowed below decks in the carrier's hangar. The aircraft's wings also folded upwards, while a twin tail was fitted.[1][3]

The aircraft was stressed to allow catapult launching and arrested landings, but was also capable of operating from the ski-jump ramps of the Project 1143.5 carriers (later to become known as the Admiral Kuznetsov class).<ref name=OKB p348">Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2005, p. 348.</ref>

A detailed full-size mock-up was completed in 1991, and approved with minor changes by the Soviet Naval Aviation (A-VMF). The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in the program being delayed, with the catapult equipped Ulyanovsk being cancelled and scrapped, the second Admiral Kuznetsov class carrier, the Varyag was left incomplete with the Yak-44 program being abandoned by the Russian Navy in 1993.<ref name=OKB p348"/>[4][5]

Specifications (Yak-44E)

Data from Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924[4]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

Notes
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2005, p. 347.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gunston and Gordon 1997, p. 201.
  3. ↑ Gunston and Gordon 1997, pp. 201–202.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gunston and Gordon 1997, p. 202.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Taylor 1996, pp. 180–181.
Bibliography
  • Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
  • Gordon, Yefim, Dmitry Komissarov and Sergey Komissarov. OKB Yakovlev: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. Hinkley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2005. ISBN 1-85780-203-9.
  • Gunston, Bill and Yefim Gordon. Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924. London, UK: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1997. ISBN 1-55750-978-6.
  • Taylor, Michael. Brassey's World's Aircraft & Systems Directory 1996/97. London: Brassey's, 1996. ISBN 1-57488-063-2.

External links

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