Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populations

Listed here are notable groups and populations from South Asia by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with linguistic designations (IE=Indo-European, Dr=Dravidian, AA=Austro-Asiatic and ST=Sino-Tibetan), the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup.

Population Language n C F G H J L O P Q R1a R1b R2 T Reference
Hazara (Pakistan) extinct Altaic, IE 23 20.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70.9 -- -- -- Qamar2002 [1]
Burusho (Pakistan) Isolate (Burushaski) 97 8.2 1.0 1.0 4.1 8.2 47.9 3.1 1.0 2.1 6.5 — 4.4 0 Firasat2006[2]
Kalash (Pakistan) Isolate Kalasha, IE 44 0 0 18.2 20.5 9.1 25.0 0 0 0 18.2 — 0 0 Firasat2006[2]
India IE, Dr, AA, ST 728 1.8 5.2 1.2 26.4 9.3 6.7 22.9 0 0.4 15.8 0.5 9.3 0 Sengupta2006[3]
India IE, Dr, AA, ST 931 6.3 12.9 0.1 18.8 8.7 14.9 3.1 4.1 — 16.9 — 8.1 — Cordaux2004[4]
India IE, Dr, AA, ST 1152 1.4 3.0 0.1 23.0 5.1 5.5 18.0 2.7 — 17.7 0.5 13.5 3.1 Trivedi2007[5]
Indian Indo-Europeans IE 205 2.4 2.4 0.5 28.8 10.7 3.9 4.9 — 1.0 29.8 1.5 13.7 — Sengupta2006[3]
Indian Dravidians Dr 353 1.7 9.3 2.3 32.9 10.5 11.6 13.6 — 0.3 11.0 0.3 6.2 — Sengupta2006[3]
Indian Munda AA 892 — 4.0 — 23.1 3.9 0 57.2 1.8 — 5.4 — 4.4 — Kumar2007[6]
Indian Sino-Tibetans ST 87 1.1 0 0 2.3 0 0 86.2 — 0 4.6 0 5.7 — Sengupta2006[3]
India (North) IE, ST 180 0 1.1 0.6 24.5 7.8 1.7 2.3 0 — 48.9 0.6 11.1 0 Trivedi2007[5]
India (West) IE 204 5.4 0.5 0 33.3 11.3 11.8 0 2.5 0 25.0 — 6.4 0.5 Sahoo2006[7]
India (South) Dr 372 1.9 4.0 0 27.5 5.6 10.8 0 1.6 — 13.4 1.3 21.5 5.1 Trivedi2007[5]
India (East) IE, AA, Dr 367 0.8 2.7 0 19.3 4.1 1.9 20.7 2.7 0 23.2 — 15.5 3.8 Sahoo2006[7]
India (Northeast) ST 108 0 0 0 0.9 0 0 79.7 4.6 — 1.9 0 0 0 Trivedi2007[5]
India (Central) IE, Dr 50 0 4 2 20 4 4 8 0 0 50 0 6 0 Sahoo2006[7]
Indian castes IE, Dr 616 5.2 9.6 0.2 12.0 11.7 19.0 1.2 3.1 — 20.9 — 10.0 — Cordaux2004[4]
Indian tribes Dr, IE, AA, ST 315 8.6 18.1 0 31.1 2.9 7.0 6.7 6.0 — 8.9 — 4.4 — Cordaux2004[4]
Indian tribes Dr, IE, AA, ST 505 2.2 2.0 0.2 21.2 2.6 3.2 40.6 3.2 — 7.9 1.0 6.1 4.2 Trivedi2007[5]
India's Lower Castes Dr, IE 261 0.8 4.6 0 27.6 3.1 5.4 0.4 2.3 — 15.7 0 27.6 4.6 Trivedi2007[5]
India's Middle Castes IE, Dr 175 0.6 5.1 0 21.1 9.7 5.7 0 2.9 — 26.3 0 18.9 1.7 Trivedi2007[5]
India's Upper Castes IE, Dr 211 0.9 1.9 0 23.3 10.0 11.4 0 1.9 — 36.5 0.5 9.0 0 Trivedi2007[5][8]
Kathmandu (Nepal) IE, ST 77 7.8 0 0 11.7 10.4 0 20.8 0 1.3 35.1 0 10.4 0 Gayden2007[9]
Khasi (India) AA 92 — 10.9 — 6.5 0 0 72.8 4.4 — — — 0 — Kumar2007[6]
Mundari (India) AA 789 — 3.3 — 25.4 4.4 0 55.0 1.5 — — — 4.9 — Kumar2007[6]
Pakistan IE 176 7.4 0 6.2 6.2 15.3 13.1 2.3 — 3.4 24.4 7.4 7.4 0 Sengupta2006[3]
Pakistan — 638 3.0 0.8 2.7 2.5 20.2 11.6 0.5 0 2.2 37.1 — 7.8 0 Firasat2006[2]
Pashtun (Afghanistan) IE 49 2 0 6.1 6.1 2 12.2 0 0 18.4 51 0 2 0 Haber2012[10]
Pashtun (Pakistan) IE 96 0 2.1 11.5 4.2 6.2 12.5 5.2 0 5.2 44.8 — 0 1.0 Firasat2006[2]
Sinhalese (Sri Lanka) IE 39 0 10.3 0 10.3 10.3 18.0 0 0 0 12.8 0 38.5 0 Kivisild03[11]
Sri Lanka IE, Dr 91 3.3 9.9 5.5 25.3 19.8 15.4 1.1 3.3 — 13.2 — — — Karafet2005[12]
Tharu (Nepal) IE 171 0.6 0 0 25.7 14.0 2.3 36.8 0 1.2 8.8 0 4.7 0 Fornarino2009[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Qamar et al. 2002, Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Firasat, Sadaf; Khaliq, Shagufta; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Papaioannou, Myrto; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Underhill, Peter A; Ayub, Qasim (2006). "Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan". European Journal of Human Genetics 15 (1): 121–6. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726. PMC 2588664. PMID 17047675.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Sengupta, S; Zhivotovsky, L; King, R; Mehdi, S; Edmonds, C; Chow, C; Lin, A; Mitra, M et al. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cordaux, Richard; Aunger, Robert; Bentley, Gillian; Nasidze, Ivane; Sirajuddin, S.M.; Stoneking, Mark (2004). "Independent Origins of Indian Caste and Tribal Paternal Lineages". Current Biology 14 (3): 231–5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024. PMID 14761656.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Trivedi, R.; Singh, Anamika; Bindu, G. Hima; Banerjee, Jheelam; Tandon, Manuj; Gaikwad, Sonali; Rajkumar, Revathi; Sitalaximi, T; Ashma, Richa (2008). "High Resolution Phylogeographic Map of Y-Chromosomes Reveal the Genetic Signatures of Pleistocene Origin of Indian Populations". In Reddy, B. Mohan. Trends in molecular anthropology. Delhi: Kamla-Raj Enterprises. pp. 393–414. ISBN 978-81-85264-47-9.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Kumar, Vikrant; Reddy, Arimanda NS; Babu, Jagedeesh P; Rao, Tipirisetti N; Langstieh, Banrida T; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Reddy, Alla G; Singh, Lalji; Reddy, Battini M (2007). "Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations". BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 47. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-47. PMC 1851701. PMID 17389048.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Sahoo, S.; Singh, A.; Himabindu, G.; Banerjee, J.; Sitalaximi, T.; Gaikwad, S.; Trivedi, R.; Endicott, P.; Kivisild, T.; Metspalu, M.; Villems, R.; Kashyap, V. K. (2006). "A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (4): 843–8. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..843S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507714103. PMC 1347984. PMID 16415161.
  8. ↑ Chowdhuri Parkash, J. (2012). Caste system, social inequalities and reservation policy in india: Class, caste, social policy and governance through social justice. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
  9. ↑ Gayden, T; Cadenas, AM; Regueiro, M; Singh, NB; Zhivotovsky, LA; Underhill, PA; Cavalli-Sforza, LL; Herrera, RJ (2007). "The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow". The American Journal of Human Genetics 80 (5): 884–94. doi:10.1086/516757. PMC 1852741. PMID 17436243.
  10. ↑ Haber, Marc; Platt, DE; Ashrafian Bonab, M; Youhanna, SC; Soria-Hernanz, DF; Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Douaihy, Bouchra; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Rafatpanah, Hoshang; Ghanbari, Mohsen; Whale, John; Balanovsky, Oleg; Wells, R. Spencer; Comas, David; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua, Pierre A. et al. (2012). "Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events". PLoS ONE 7 (3): e34288. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...734288H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288. PMC 3314501. PMID 22470552.
  11. ↑ Kivisild, T; Rootsi, S; Metspalu, M; Mastana, S; Kaldma, K; Parik, J; Metspalu, E; Adojaan, M et al. (2003). "The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations". The American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (2): 313–32. doi:10.1086/346068. PMC 379225. PMID 12536373.
  12. ↑ Karafet, TM; Lansing, JS; Redd, AJ; Reznikova, S; Watkins, JC; Surata, SP; Arthawiguna, WA; Mayer, L et al. (2005). "Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders". Human biology 77 (1): 93–114. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0030. PMID 16114819.
  13. ↑ Fornarino, Simona; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Maranta, Ramona; Achilli, Alessandro; Modiano, Guido; Torroni, Antonio; Semino, Ornella; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Silvana A (2009). "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation". BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 154. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-154. PMC 2720951. PMID 19573232.

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