Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention

Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention

Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour
Party   Non Party   Convention not applied (dependent territory)   Non ILO-member
Signed	17 June 1999
Location	Geneva
Effective	19 November 2000
Condition	2 ratifications
Parties	179[1][2]
Depositary	Director-General of the International Labour Office
Languages	English and French (Article 16)

The Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, known in short as the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, was adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1999 as ILO Convention No 182. It is one of 8 ILO fundamental conventions.^[3]

By ratifying this Convention No. 182, a country commits itself to taking immediate action to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour. The Convention is enjoying the fastest pace of ratifications in the ILO's history since 1919.

The ILO's International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) is responsible for assisting countries in this regard as well as monitoring compliance. One of the methods used by IPEC to assist countries in this regard are Time-bound Programmes.

The ILO also adopted the Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation No 190 in 1999. This recommendation contains, among others, recommendations on the types of hazards that should be considered for inclusion within a country-based definition of Worst Form Hazards faced by Children at Work.

Ratifications

As of 2014, the convention has been ratified by 179 out of 185 ILO member states. ILO member states that have not ratified the convention are:^[4][2]

•  Cuba
•  Eritrea
•  India
•  Marshall Islands
•  Palau
•  Tuvalu

Furthermore, the convention has not been ratified for several non-metropolitan territories of states that did ratify the convention:^[5]

State	Non-metropolitan territory
Australia	Norfolk Island
Denmark	Faroe Islands,  Greenland
France	French Polynesia,  New Caledonia, French Southern and Antarctic Territories
Kingdom of the Netherlands	Curaçao,  Sint Maarten and the Caribbean Netherlands[6]
New Zealand	Tokelau
United States	American Samoa,  Guam,  Northern Mariana Islands,  Puerto Rico,  United States Virgin Islands
United Kingdom	Anguilla,  Bermuda,  British Virgin Islands,  Gibraltar,  Isle of Man,  Jersey,  Montserrat

Predefined worst forms of child labour

Convention 182 includes forms of child labour, which are predefined worst forms of child labour. They are also sometimes referred to as automatic worst forms of child labour.

The predefined worst forms of child labour are:

• all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as^[7]
  • the sale of a child;
  • trafficking of children, meaning the recruitment of children to do work far away from home and from the care of their families, in circumstances within which they are exploited;
  • debt bondage or any other form of bonded labour or serfdom;
  • forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict;
• Commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), including the use, procuring or offering of a child for:^[7]
  • prostitution, or
  • the production of pornography or for pornographic performances;
• use, procuring or offering of a child by others for illegal activities, also known as children used by adults in the commission of crime (CUBAC), including the trafficking or production of drugs^[7]
• work by its nature that is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children^[7]

Worst form hazards: To be defined by each ratifying country

The last category of worst form of child labour is work which by its nature or the circumstances is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children, or Worst Form Hazards faced by Children at Work. Here the Convention recommended that the circumstances should be determined in consultation with organisations of employers and workers within a specific country. The Convention recommends that programmes of action should attend specifically to younger children, the girl child, hidden work situation in which girls are at special risk, and other groups of children with special vulnerabilities or needs. Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation No 190 contains recommendations on the types of hazards that should be considered to be included within a country-based definition of worst form hazards.This could lead to many deaths.

Country programmes on WFCL

Several programs exist (coordinated by the ILO or other UN organisations) to stimulate adherence to the convention:

• Programmes of the International Labour Organization addressing the worst forms of child labour
  • Time-Bound Programmes for the Eradication of the Worst forms of Child Labour;
  • International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour;
  • Country programmes on Commercial sexual exploitation of children.

The Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography plays a role in the co-ordination of activities

References

External links

• Text of the Convention and Recommendation No 190
• ratifications
• Handbook for parliamentarians: Eliminating the worst forms of child labour ILO, Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2002
• ILO Further documents on Worst Form Hazards
• International Research on Working Children (IREWOC)
• Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - U.S. Department of Labor