World Meteorological Organization

المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية
World Meteorological Organization
Organisation météorologique mondiale
Organización Meteorológica Mundial
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация
世界气象组织

WMO flag
Abbreviation	WMO OMM
Formation	1950
Type	UN agency
Legal status	Active
Headquarters	Geneva, Switzerland
Head	Michel Jarraud (Secretary-General) David Grimes (President)
Website	www.wmo.int

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 191 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873. Established in 1950, WMO became the specialised agency of the United Nations for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, and is a member of the United Nations Development Group.^[1] The current Secretary-General is Michel Jarraud.^[2] The current president is David Grimes.^[3]

The organization

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It is the UN system's authoritative voice on the state and behavior of the Earth's atmosphere, its interaction with the oceans, the climate it produces and the resulting distribution of water resources.^[4]

WMO has a membership of 191 member states and territories, as of February 2014. The Convention of the World Meteorological Organization was signed 11 October 1947^[5] and established upon ratification in 1950. WMO became the specialized agency of the United Nations in 1951 for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873.^[4]

The WMO hierarchy:

• The World Meteorological Congress determines the policy of WMO and meets every four years. Each Member country is represented by a Permanent Representative with WMO. The Permanent Representative should be the director of the National Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Service.
• The Executive Council (EC) implements Congress decisions and meets once a year.
• Six regional associations for addressing regional concerns (see the section on regional associations, below)
• Eight technical commissions provide technical recommendations for WMO and the national services.
• The secretariat headed by the Secretary-General coordinates the activities of WMO with a regular staff of more than 250 employees.^[6]

Activities

WMO provides a framework for international cooperation in the development of meteorology and operational hydrology and their practical application.^[7]

Since its establishment, WMO has played a unique and powerful role in contributing to the safety and welfare of humanity. Under WMO leadership and within the framework of WMO programs,^[8] National Meteorological and Hydrological Services^[9] contribute substantially to the protection of life and property against natural disasters, to safeguarding the environment and to enhancing the economic and social well-being of all sectors of society in areas such as food security, water resources and transport.^[7]

The WMO and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) jointly created the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It is also directly responsible for the creation of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW). The IPCC has received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."^[10]

WMO promotes cooperation in the establishment of networks for making meteorological, climatological, hydrological and geophysical observations, as well as the exchange, processing and standardization of related data, and assists technology transfer, training and research. It also fosters collaboration between the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services of its Members and furthers the application of meteorology to public weather services, agriculture, aviation, shipping, the environment, water issues and the mitigation of the impacts of natural disasters.

WMO facilitates the free and unrestricted exchange of data and information, products and services in real- or near-real time on matters relating to safety and security of society, economic welfare and the protection of the environment. It contributes to policy formulation in these areas at national and international levels.

In the specific case of weather-, climate and water-related hazards, which account for nearly 90% of all natural disasters, WMO's programs provide vital information for the advance warnings that save lives and reduce damage to property and the environment. WMO also contributes to reducing the impacts of human-induced disasters, such as those associated with chemical and nuclear accidents, forest fire and volcanic ash. Studies have shown that, apart from the incalculable benefit to human well-being, every dollar invested in meteorological and hydrological services produces an economic return many times greater, often ten times or more.

WMO plays a leading role in international efforts to monitor and protect the environment through its programs. In collaboration with other UN agencies and the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services, WMO supports the implementation of a number of environmental conventions^[11] and is instrumental in providing advice and assessments to governments on related matters. These activities contribute towards ensuring the sustainable development and well-being of nations.

WMO publishes the International Cloud Atlas, the international standard cloud atlas since 1896.

Meteorological codes

In keeping with its mandate to promote the standardization of meteorological observations, the WMO maintains numerous code forms for the representation and exchange of meteorological, oceanographical, and hydrological data. The traditional code forms, such as SYNOP, CLIMAT and TEMP, are character-based and their coding is position-based. Newer WMO code forms are designed for portability, extensibility and universality. These are BUFR, CREX, and, for gridded geo-positioned data, GRIB.

World Meteorological Day

• World Meteorological Day is held annually on 23 March.^[12]

Awards and prizes

• International Meteorological Organization Prize ^[13]
• Vilho Väisälä Award ^[14]
• Norbert Gerbier-Mumm International Award ^[15]
• WMO Research Award for Young Scientists ^[16]
• Professor Mariolopoulus Award ^[17]

WMO conference on climate prediction and information for decision-making

World Climate Conference-3 (WCC-3) was held from 31 August to 4 September 2009 in Geneva, Switzerland, under the auspices of WMO. Its goal was to address advancements in seasonal to multi-decadal climate predictions and to spur their applications to decision-making in socio-economic sectors, including food, water, energy, health, tourism and development sectors. The Conference aimed to contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals and broader UN climate goals through support for climate adaptation.^[18]

Membership

As of February 2014, member states of the organisation include 183 of the 193 UN members, the Cook Islands and Niue, for a total of 185 member states. Additionally there are 6 member territories, listed below.^[19]

There are 10 states that are members of the United Nations, but not of the WMO. These are: Andorra, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and San Marino; the most populous of these countries is Equatorial Guinea, with nearly 700,000 inhabitants. Non-members of either organisation include the Vatican City and the states with limited recognition.

The six member territories are: the British Caribbean Territories (joint meteorological organisation and membership),^[20] French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Macau, Curaçao and Sint Maarten (joint meteorological service and membership),^[20] and New Caledonia. Below is a table of all members with admission dates.

Current member states

States that joined the WMO before they joined the UN are marked with a blue background. States that are members of the WMO, but not of the UN are marked with a green background. For comparison, see Member states of the United Nations. The dates are the dates of the ratification of the WMO Convention by the member, or the date of accession.^[21] The national meteorological services belonging to each member state are also listed.^[22]

Member states	National Meteorological Services	Date of admission
Afghanistan	Afghanistan Meteorological Authority	01956-09-11-000011 September 1956
Albania	Hydrometeorological Institute of Albania	01957-07-29-000029 July 1957
Algeria		01963-04-04-00004 April 1963
Angola		01977-03-16-000016 March 1977
Antigua and Barbuda	Antigua and Barbuda Meteorological Services	01988-11-16-000016 November 1988
Argentina		01951-01-02-00002 January 1951
Armenia		01992-09-16-000016 September 1992
Australia	Bureau of Meteorology	01949-03-14-000014 March 1949
Austria	Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics	01955-02-23-000023 February 1955
Azerbaijan		01993-12-27-000027 December 1993
Bahamas	Bahamas Meteorology Department	01973-11-29-000029 November 1973
Bahrain		01980-04-21-000021 April 1980
Bangladesh	Bangladesh Meteorological Department	01973-08-24-000024 August 1973
Barbados	Barbados Meteorological Services	01967-03-22-000022 March 1967
Belarus		01948-04-12-000012 April 1948
Belgium	Royal Meteorological Institute	01951-02-02-00002 February 1951
Belize	Belize National Meteorological Service	01982-05-25-000025 May 1982
Benin		01961-04-14-000014 April 1961
Bhutan		02003-02-11-000011 February 2003
Bolivia, Plurinational State of		01954-05-15-000015 May 1954
Bosnia and Herzegovina		01994-06-01-00001 June 1994
Botswana		01967-10-16-000016 October 1967
Brazil		01950-03-15-000015 March 1950
Brunei Darussalam		01984-11-26-000026 November 1984
Bulgaria		01952-03-12-000012 March 1952
Burkina Faso		01960-10-31-000031 October 1960
Burundi		01962-10-30-000030 October 1962
Cambodia		01955-11-08-00008 November 1955
Cameroon		01960-12-17-000017 December 1960
Canada	Meteorological Service of Canada	01950-07-28-000028 July 1950
Cape Verde		01975-10-21-000021 October 1975
Central African Republic		01961-06-28-000028 June 1961
Chad		01961-02-02-00002 February 1961
Chile		01957-05-09-00009 May 1957
People's Republic of China	China Meteorological Administration	01972-02-25-000025 February 1972[23]
Colombia	Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies	01962-01-05-00005 January 1962
Comoros		01976-03-15-000015 March 1976
Congo		01960-11-21-000021 November 1960
Democratic Republic of the Congo		01960-11-05-00005 November 1960
Cook Islands		01995-10-18-000018 October 1995
Costa Rica	Instituto Meteorológico Nacional	01960-12-16-000016 December 1960
Cote d'Ivoire ! Côte d'Ivoire		01960-10-31-000031 October 1960
Croatia	Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service	01992-10-09-00009 October 1992
Cuba		01952-03-04-00004 March 1952
Cyprus		01963-04-11-000011 April 1963
Czech Republic	Czech Hydrometeorological Institute	01993-01-25-000025 January 1993
Denmark	Danish Meteorological Institute	01951-07-10-000010 July 1951
Djibouti		01978-06-30-000030 June 1978
Dominica		01980-02-21-000021 February 1980
Dominican Republic		01949-09-15-000015 September 1949
Ecuador	Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología (Ecuador)	01950-06-07-00007 June 1950
Egypt		01950-01-10-000010 January 1950
El Salvador		01955-05-27-000027 May 1955
Eritrea		01993-07-08-00008 July 1993
Estonia	Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute	01992-08-21-000021 August 1992
Ethiopia		01953-12-03-00003 December 1953
Fiji	Fiji Meteorological Service	01980-03-18-000018 March 1980
Finland	Finnish Meteorological Institute	01949-01-07-00007 January 1949
France	Météo-France	01949-12-05-00005 December 1949
Gabon		01961-06-05-00005 June 1961
Gambia		01978-10-02-00002 October 1978
Georgia		01993-09-01-00001 September 1993
Germany	Deutscher Wetterdienst	01954-06-10-000010 June 1954
Ghana		01957-05-06-00006 May 1957
Greece	Hellenic National Meteorological Service	01950-01-20-000020 January 1950
Guatemala	Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología	01952-03-21-000021 March 1952
Guinea		01959-03-27-000027 March 1959
Guinea-Bissau		01977-12-15-000015 December 1977
Guyana		01966-11-22-000022 November 1966
Haiti		01951-08-14-000014 August 1951
Honduras		01960-10-10-000010 October 1960
Hungary		01951-02-15-000015 February 1951
Iceland	Icelandic Meteorological Office	01948-01-16-000016 January 1948
India	India Meteorological Department	01949-04-27-000027 April 1949
Indonesia	Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics	01950-11-16-000016 November 1950
Iran, Islamic Republic of		01959-09-30-000030 September 1959
Iraq		01950-02-21-000021 February 1950
Ireland	Met Éireann	01950-03-14-000014 March 1950
Israel	Israel Meteorological Service	01949-09-30-000030 September 1949
Italy	Servizio Meteorologico	01951-01-09-00009 January 1951
Jamaica		01963-05-29-000029 May 1963
Japan	Japan Meteorological Agency	01953-08-11-000011 August 1953
Jordan		01955-07-11-000011 July 1955
Kazakhstan		01993-05-05-00005 May 1993
Kenya		01964-06-02-00002 June 1964
Kiribati		02003-03-26-000026 March 2003
Democratic People's Republic of Korea		01975-05-27-000027 May 1975
Republic of Korea	Korea Meteorological Administration	01956-02-15-000015 February 1956
Kuwait		01962-12-01-00001 December 1962
Kyrgyzstan		01994-07-20-000020 July 1994
Lao People's Democratic Republic		01955-06-01-00001 June 1955
Latvia	Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre	01992-05-15-000015 May 1992
Lebanon		01948-12-22-000022 December 1948
Lesotho		01979-08-03-00003 August 1979
Liberia		01974-02-07-00007 February 1974
Libya		01955-12-29-000029 December 1955
Lithuania	Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service	01992-06-03-00003 June 1992
Luxembourg		01952-10-29-000029 October 1952
Macedonia[24]		01993-06-01-00001 June 1993
Madagascar		01960-12-15-000015 December 1960
Malawi		01965-02-15-000015 February 1965
Malaysia	Malaysian Meteorological Department	01958-05-19-000019 May 1958[25]
Maldives		01978-06-01-00001 June 1978
Mali		01960-11-11-000011 November 1960
Malta		01976-12-28-000028 December 1976
Mauritania		01961-01-23-000023 January 1961
Mauritius		01969-07-17-000017 July 1969
Mexico	Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico)	01949-05-27-000027 May 1949
Federated States of Micronesia		01995-09-20-000020 September 1995
Moldova		01994-11-21-000021 November 1994
Monaco		01996-04-09-00009 April 1996
Mongolia		01963-04-04-00004 April 1963
Montenegro	Hydrometeorological Institute of Montenegro	02006-12-06-00006 December 2006
Morocco		01957-01-03-00003 January 1957
Mozambique	Mozambique National Institute of Meteorology	01976-06-21-000021 June 1976
Myanmar		01949-08-19-000019 August 1949
Namibia		01991-02-06-00006 February 1991
Nepal		01966-08-12-000012 August 1966
Kingdom of the Netherlands	Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute	01951-09-12-000012 September 1951
New Zealand	Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited	01948-04-02-00002 April 1948
Nicaragua		01959-02-27-000027 February 1959
Niger		01960-10-28-000028 October 1960
Nigeria		01960-11-30-000030 November 1960
Niue		01996-05-31-000031 May 1996
Norway	Norwegian Meteorological Institute	01948-12-09-00009 December 1948
Oman		01975-01-03-00003 January 1975
Pakistan	Pakistan Meteorological Department	01950-04-11-000011 April 1950
Panama		01967-09-12-000012 September 1967
Papua New Guinea		01975-12-15-000015 December 1975
Paraguay		01950-09-15-000015 September 1950
Peru		01949-12-30-000030 December 1949
Philippines	Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration	01949-04-05-00005 April 1949
Poland		01950-05-16-000016 May 1950
Portugal	Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera	01951-01-15-000015 January 1951
Qatar		01975-04-04-00004 April 1975
Romania	Administraţia Naţionala de Meteorologie	01948-08-18-000018 August 1948
Russian Federation	Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia	01948-04-02-00002 April 1948
Rwanda		01963-02-04-00004 February 1963
Saint Lucia		01981-03-02-00002 March 1981
Samoa		01995-07-11-000011 July 1995
São Tomé and Príncipe		01976-11-23-000023 November 1976
Saudi Arabia		01959-02-26-000026 February 1959
Senegal		01960-11-01-00001 November 1960
Serbia	Republic Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia	02001-02-21-000021 February 2001
Seychelles		01977-02-15-000015 February 1977
Sierra Leone		01962-03-30-000030 March 1962
Singapore		01966-01-24-000024 January 1966
Slovakia	Slovensky Hydrometeorologicky Ustav / Slovak Hydrometeorological Agency	01993-02-11-000011 February 1993
Slovenia	Slovenian Environment Agency	01992-08-20-000020 August 1992
Solomon Islands		01985-05-06-00006 May 1985
Somalia		01964-03-02-00002 March 1964
South Africa	South African Weather Service	01950-01-17-000017 January 1950
South Sudan		02012-12-14-000014 December 2012
Spain	Agencia Estatal de Meteorología	01951-02-27-000027 February 1951
Sri Lanka		01951-05-23-000023 May 1951
Sudan		01956-12-03-00003 December 1956
Suriname		01976-07-26-000026 July 1976
Swaziland		01982-11-02-00002 November 1982
Sweden	Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute	01948-11-10-000010 November 1948
Switzerland	MeteoSwiss	01949-02-23-000023 February 1949
Syria Syrian Arab Republic		01952-07-16-000016 July 1952
Tajikistan		01993-08-10-000010 August 1993
Tanzania, United Republic of	Tanzania Meteorological Agency	01962-09-14-000014 September 1962
Thailand		01949-07-11-000011 July 1949
Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of		02009-12-04-00004 December 2009
Togo		01960-10-28-000028 October 1960
Tonga	Tonga Meteorological Service	01996-02-25-000025 February 1996
Trinidad and Tobago		01963-02-01-00001 February 1963
Tunisia		01957-01-22-000022 January 1957
Turkey	Turkish State Meteorological Service	01949-08-05-00005 August 1949
Turkmenistan		01992-12-04-00004 December 1992
Tuvalu		02012-09-22-000022 September 2012
Uganda		01963-03-15-000015 March 1963
Ukraine		01948-04-12-000012 April 1948
United Arab Emirates		01986-12-17-000017 December 1986
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	Met Office	01948-12-14-000014 December 1948
United States of America	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration	01949-05-04-00004 May 1949
Uruguay		01951-01-11-000011 January 1951
Uzbekistan		01992-12-23-000023 December 1992
Vanuatu		01982-06-24-000024 June 1982
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of		01950-06-16-000016 June 1950
Vietnam		01976-07-02-00002 July 1976[26]
Yemen		01990-05-22-000022 May 1990[27]
Zambia		01964-12-28-000028 December 1964
Zimbabwe		01981-01-12-000012 January 1981

Historical member states

Member states	Date of admission	Date membership ended	Note
Republic of China	01951-03-02-00002 March 1951	01972-02-25-000025 February 1972	Seat in the UN transferred to the People's Republic of China (see China and the United Nations for details)
East Germany	01973-05-23-000023 May 1973	01990-10-03-00003 October 1990	German reunification
South Vietnam	01955-03-02-00002 March 1955	01976-07-02-00002 July 1976	Reunification of Vietnam
North Vietnam	01975-07-08-00008 July 1975	01976-07-02-00002 July 1976	Reunification of Vietnam
North Yemen	01971-06-08-00008 June 1971	01990-05-22-000022 May 1990	Yemeni unification
South Yemen	01969-01-28-000028 January 1969	01990-05-22-000022 May 1990	Yemeni unification
Yugoslavia	01948-12-07-00007 December 1948	?	Breakup of Yugoslavia

Member territories

Member territories	Meteorological Services	Date of admission
British Caribbean Territories	Caribbean Meteorological Organisation	01953-09-24-000024 September 1953
Curaçao and  Sint Maarten	Meteorological Department Curaçao	01951-09-12-000012 September 1951
French Polynesia	Météo-France Polynesie Francaise	01949-12-05-00005 December 1949
Hong Kong, China	Hong Kong Observatory	01948-12-14-000014 December 1948
Macau, China	Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau	01996-01-24-000024 January 1996
New Caledonia	Météo-France Nouvelle-Calédonie	01949-12-05-00005 December 1949

Membership by regional associations

The member states of the WMO are divided into six regional associations. The division is as follows:^[28]

Region	Number of member states	Percentage of total	Number of member territories	Percentage of total
I	57	31%	0	0%
II	33	18%	2	33%
III	13	7%	0	0%
IV	25	14%	2	33%
V	21	11%	2	33%
VI	50	27%	0	0%
WMO	185	100%	6	100%

The sum of member states in the regional associations is larger than the total number of member states because some nations are members to more than one regional association.

The member states of the World Meteorological Organization divided into the six regional associations, shown on a world map

Region I (Africa)

Region I consists of the nations of Africa and a few former colonial powers, and has 57 member states and no member territories; these are:^[29]

Not member

•  Equatorial Guinea

Region II (Asia)

Region II consists of nations in Asia, having a total of 33 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are:^[30]

The member territories are:

•  Hong Kong - China
•  Macau - China

Region III (South America)

Region III consists of the nations of South America, including France (French Guiana is an overseas region of France in South America). It has a total of 13 member states and no member territories. The member states are:^[31]

Region IV (North America, Central America, and the Caribbean)

Region IV consists of the nations of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean, including three nations based in Europe with dependencies within the region. It has a total of 25 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are:^[32]

Region V (South-West Pacific)

Region V consists of nations in the south-west Pacific. This includes 21 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are:^[33]

Region VI (Europe)

Region VI consists mostly of nations in Europe, but also of a few in Western Asia. It has 50 member states and no member territories. These are:^[34]

States with membership in more than one region

A total of 9 member states have membership in more than one region. Two nations are members to four different regions, while seven are members of two regions. These nations, with their regions, are as follows:

See also

• Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
• Cloud atlas
• Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP)
• International Cloud Atlas
• Maria do Rosàrio Veiga
• Regional Specialized Meteorological Center

References

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Convention of the World Meteorological Organization

Wikimedia Commons has media related to World Meteorological Organization.

• WMO.int – Official Website
• WMO country codes from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
• WCC-3

National meteorological organisations Africa Mozambique National Institute of Meteorology South African Weather Service Asia Afghanistan Meteorological Authority Bangladesh Meteorological Department China Meteorological Administration Central Weather Bureau (Taiwan) Hong Kong Observatory India Meteorological Department Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Israel Meteorological Service Japan Meteorological Agency Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau Malaysian Meteorological Department Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia Pakistan Meteorological Department Korea Meteorological Administration Turkish State Meteorological Service Europe Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics (Austria) Royal Meteorological Institute (Belgium) Czech Hydrometeorological Institute Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service Danish Meteorological Institute Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Finnish Meteorological Institute Météo-France Deutscher Wetterdienst (Germany) Hellenic National Meteorological Service (Greece) Icelandic Meteorological Office Met Éireann (Ireland) Servizio Meteorologico (Italy) Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service Hydrometeorological Institute of Montenegro Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute Norwegian Meteorological Institute Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (Portugal) Administraţia Naţionala de Meteorologie (Romania) Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia Republic Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia Slovenian Environment Agency Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (Spain) Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute MeteoSwiss Met Office (United Kingdom) North America Caribbean Meteorological Organisation (regional) Meteorological Service of Canada Instituto Meteorológico Nacional (Costa Rica) Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (Guatemala) Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico) National Weather Service (United States) Oceania Bureau of Meteorology (Australia) Fiji Meteorological Service Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited Tonga Meteorological Service Tuvalu Meteorological Service South America Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (Brazil) Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia) Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología (Ecuador) Intercontinental: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Global: World Meteorological Organization

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Authority control WorldCat VIAF: 141399695 LCCN: n79032054 ISNI: 0000 0001 2171 1432 GND: 2034291-3 SELIBR: 135880 SUDOC: 026551519 NDL: 00537970 BNE: XX97180