Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir

Woolthorpe by Belvoir

Bottom Lock, Woolsthorpe
Woolthorpe by Belvoir
 Woolthorpe by Belvoir shown within Lincolnshire
Population 398 (2001)
OS grid referenceSK837340
   – London 100 mi (160 km)  SSE
DistrictSouth Kesteven
Shire countyLincolnshire
RegionEast Midlands
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town Grantham
Postcode district NG32
Police Lincolnshire
Fire Lincolnshire
Ambulance East Midlands
EU Parliament East Midlands
UK ParliamentGrantham and Stamford (UK Parliament constituency)
List of places
UK
England
Lincolnshire

Coordinates: 52°53′49″N 0°45′26″W / 52.89694°N 0.75722°W

Woolsthorpe public house seen though Grantham Canal bridge

Woolsthorpe, also known as Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir, is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 5 miles (8 km) west from Grantham, and adjoins the county border with Leicestershire. The neighbouring village of Belvoir lies on the other side of the border. Grantham Canal is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north-east at its closest point.

History

According to A Dictionary of British Place Names, the name Woolsthorpe means "an outlying farmstead or hamlet (Old Scandinavian 'thorp') of a man called Wulfstan (Old English person name)".[1]

In the 1086 Domesday account Woolsthorpe is referred to as "Ulestanestorp",[2] in the Kesteven Hundred of Winnibriggs and Threo. It comprised 29 households, 6 villagers, 3 smallholders and 8 freemen, with 4 ploughlands and 3 mills. In 1066 Leofric of Bottesford was Lord of the Manor, this transferred in 1086 to Robert of Tosny, who also became Tenant-in-chief.[3]

A possible deserted medieval village lies at the southern edge of the present village just to the east off Woolsthorpe Lane,[4] on the same site of a previous St James church destroyed in 1643 by Parliamentary forces.[5] Of the destruction Kelly's Directory wrote in 1885: "the original church of St. James, of which some fragments of the tower remain, was burned down by soldiers of the Parliamentary Army who bivouacked there during the siege of Belvoir Castle".[6][7]

Further evidence of medieval and earlier occupation are finds of a stone macehead at the centre of the village,[8] Roman coins and a Middle Bronze Age cinerary urn to the south-west,[9][10] and medieval ridge and furrow earthworks, and a trackway seen through cropmarks, to the north.[11][12] Approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north from Woolsthorpe is the deserted medieval village of Stenwith, defined by moat, ditch, enclosure, hollow way and croft (homestead with land) earthworks.[13] Stenwith is recorded in the Domesday account as "Stanwald" or "Stanwalt".[14] in the Lincolnshire Hundred of Winnibriggs and Threo. It was part of the manor of Barrowby and comprised 21 households, 2 smallholders and 19 freemen, with 4 ploughlands, 15 acres (0.1 km2) of meadow and one mill. In 1066 Godwin of Barrowby was Lord of the Manor, this transferred in 1086 to Robert Malet, who also became Tenant-in-chief.[15]

In 1885 Kelly's describes Woolsthorpe as situated on the River Devon, close to the borders of Leicestershire. It was in the wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo, the petty sessional division of Spittlegate, the union and county court district of South Grantham, and in the Archdeaconry and Diocese of Lincoln. The nearest railway station was noted as 3.5 miles (5.6 km) away at Sedgebrook, on the Great Northern Railway line. Parts of the "plantations and pleasure grounds of Belvoir Castle... are in this parish"; Belvoir castle was supplied with water from the parish's Holywell spring. There were ironstone quarries worked by the Stanton Iron Company. The parish area of 2,600 acres (11 km2) had a rateable value of £2,983. Crops grown were chiefly wheat, barley and oats. Parish population in 1881 was 598.[6] In 1879 the Stanton Iron Company began mining for marlstone (ironstone) rock at Woolsthorpe, on land leased from the Duke of Rutland. Mining was supported by the extension of the Great Northern Railway Woolsthorpe branch line in 1883, on which Stanton's rolling stock took the ironstone to the main Grantham to Nottingham line. Mining ceased after the First World War.[16]

Kellys also recorded the Duke of Rutland KG as lord of the manor and chief landowner. Within the village were a boot-and-shoe maker, two shopkeepers-cum-carriers, a shoemakers with post office, a butcher-cum-grocer, two carpenters, two tailors, two shopkeepers, a blacksmith, a baker-cum-beer retailer, two farmers, a butcher-cum-farmer, and a homoeopathist. There were two public houses, the Rutland Arms and the Chequers, and a ladies boarding and day school. Living in the village was a gamekeeper and a farm bailiff, both in the employ of the Duke of Rutland, and a surgeon medical officer who was public vaccinator for the Denton district and Grantham Union. Five carriers from the village delivered to Grantham's Blue Man, Blue Ram, and Blue Bull public houses.[6]

The village was designated a conservation area by South Kesteven Council in 1997.[17]

Landmarks

Woolsthorpe Grade II listed Anglican church is dedicated to St James.[18] It was built of ironstone in 1845-47 by G. G. Place, replacing an earlier 1793 church on the same site.[7][19] Kellys wrote of the church and its history:

The church of St. James is a building of stone, in the Decorated style, erected in 1845-6 from designs by Mr. G. G. Place, of Nottingham, and consisting of chancel, nave, aisles and a tower, as yet unfinished: it has a very elaborately carved Perpendicular font, and the east window and some others are stained... [following the destruction of the earlier church in 1643] services were afterwards held in the Chapel of St. Mary, a small building in the middle of the village, which was taken down in 1793, and a church erected on the same site: the present edifice will seat 400 persons. The register of baptisms date from 1663; marriages, 1662; burials, 1661. The living is a rectory, tithe rent-charge £80, net yearly value £230, including 38 acres of glebe with residence, in the gift of the Duke of Rutland K.G. and held since 1879 by the Rev. Edward Alfred Gillett M.A. of Exeter College, Oxford.[6]

On Village Street is a Grade II listed former County Primary School and schoolmaster's house.[20] It was built in the style of St James' Church.[19] In 1885 Kellys described the school as an "elementary School (mixed), built in 1871, at a cost of £1,200, for 120 children, with an average attendance of 112; & supported by voluntary subscriptions, school pence & government grant."[6]

Further listed buildings include the red-brick mid-18th-century Woolsthorpe House on Belvoir Lane, and the red-brick Rectory on Rectory Lane, dating from the late 18th century.[21][22] Pevsner mentions the wharf on the Grantham Canal which was used to unload stone, and "charming lock cottages".[19]

References

  1. ↑ Mills, Anthony David (2003); A Dictionary of British Place Names, pp.509, 524, Oxford University Press, revised edition (2011). ISBN 019960908X
  2. ↑ "Documents Online: Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire", Great Domesday Book, Folios: 353r, 377r; The National Archives. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  3. ↑ "Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir", Domesdaymap.co.uk. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  4. ↑ "Woolsthorpe", National Monuments Record, English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  5. ↑ "St James Church", National Monuments Record, English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire with the port of Hull 1885, p. 716
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cox, J. Charles (1916) Lincolnshire p. 343, 344; Methuen & Co. Ltd.
  8. ↑ "Monument no. 323852", National Monuments Record, English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  9. ↑ "Monument no. 323837", National Monuments Record, English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  10. ↑ "Monument no. 323840", National Monuments Record, English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  11. ↑ "Monument no. 1068888", National Monuments Record, English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  12. ↑ "Monument no. 1068650", National Monuments Record, English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  13. ↑ "Stenwith", National Monuments Record, English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  14. ↑ "Documents Online: Stenwith, Lincolnshire", Great Domesday Book, Folios: 368r, 377r; The National Archives. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  15. ↑ "Stenwith", Domesdaymap.co.uk. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  16. ↑ Wright, Neil R. (1982); Lincolnshire Towns and Industry 1700-1914; pp. 170, 171. History of Lincolnshire Committee for the Society for Lincolnshire History and Archaeology. ISBN 0902668102
  17. ↑ "Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir"; Lincshar.org. Retrieved 19 July 2012
  18. ↑ Historic England. "Church of St James (1168645)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 715; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram (1989), Yale University Press. ISBN 0300096208
  20. ↑ Historic England. "County Primary School and Schoolmaster's House (1360357)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  21. ↑ Historic England. "Woolsthorpe House (1306937)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  22. ↑ Historic England. "Rectory, Rectory Lane (1062298)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 July 2012.

External links