Way, St Giles in the Wood

Way Barton, St Giles in the Wood. The mediaeval mansion house formerly standing on this site was the ancient seat of the Pollard family
Sculpted reliefs of three faces, c. 1300, now set into wall of facade of Way Barton, St Giles in the Wood parish, Devon. Two females wearing wimples below, with a mustachioed male apparently wearing a coronet, above

Way is a historic estate in the parish of St Giles in the Wood, Devon. It is situated about 2 miles north-east of the village of St Giles in the Wood and about 4 miles north-east of the town of Great Torrington. It was described by Hoskins (1959) as "the fons et origo[1] of the mighty tribe of Pollard" and had been acquired by them from the de la Way family at some time before 1242.[2] One of the earliest members descended from this family to reach national prominence was Sir Lewis Pollard (c. 1465-1526), Justice of the Common Pleas, of Kings Nympton. The former mansion of the Pollards at Way is now represented by the farmhouse known as Way Barton. Reset into the front wall of the house is a stone sculpture dated about 1300 showing the faces of two ladies wearing wimples and above them the smaller face of a man.[3] In 1309 Robert Pollard was granted by the Bishop of Exeter licence to build an oratory at Weye, of which no trace remains in the present house.[4]

Descent of the estate

de la Way

Arms of de la Way: Argent, a chevron sable between three mullets gules (often shown as mullets pierced)

The Devon historian Tristram Risdon (d.1640) (who lived at Winscott in the same parish of St Giles in the Wood) stated Way to have been the residence of the de la Way family during the reign of King John (1199-1216), and to have been granted, during the reign of Edward I (1272-1307), by Walter de la Way, the son of William de la Way, to Walter Pollard, which grant was witnessed by Sir Henry Sully and Sir Thomas Merton.[5]

The arms of de la Way were later quartered by their descendants the Pollard family and by the Davie family (later Davie Baronets of Creedy, Sandford). The usual explanation of this usage of the de la Way arms is as given for example in the 1771 Baronetage of England, by Kimber and Johnson:[6]

"The inhabitants of this seat" (i.e. Way, erroneously said to be situated in the parish of Horwood, another Pollard seat) "and ancestors of this family, were first of all known by the name of De-la-Wey, and the first of them mentioned in their pedigree had coat armour, which hath ever since continued the fame to this family, although their names have diversly been written, De-la-Wey, then Dewy, De-Vie, and afterwards contracted and softened into Davie; unto which variation it was the more subject, for that many hundred years since, one Walter Pollard, matching with the daughter and heir-general of this family, became owner of the said ancient habitation, called Wey, which gave name to the family, as aforefaid, and which, ever since the said marriage, hath continued with the Pollards, who, in respect of that match, do also, at this day, quarter the coat of the Davies".

The family of Davie of Creedy is said by the Devon topographer Rev. Swete (d.1821)[7] to have derived from the family of de Way (Latinised to de Via, of which "Davie" is said to be a corrupted form) of the manor of Way in the parish of St Giles in the Wood,[8] near Great Torrington, Devon. The family of Pollard inherited (or purchased) the manor of Way, which became their fons et origo,[9] and according to Prince, (d.1723) adopted these "de Way"/Davie arms which thenceforth they used either alone or quartered by their own arms of Argent, a chevron sable between three escallops gules.[10] The Pollard family inherited the manor of Horwood from the Cornu family and these de Way mullet arms are visible on their own, without the Pollard escallop arms, on several 17th century Pollard monuments in Horwood Church.

Pollard

Arms of Pollard: Argent, a chevron sable between three escallops gules.[11] Frequently quartered by Pollard with de way/Davie: Argent, a chevron sable between three mullets gules,[12] which latter arms are used on their own on several Pollard monuments in Horwood Church

Vivian (1895) gave the descent of Way in the Pollard family as follows:[13]

Orate pro bono statu Johannis Pollard et Emmae uxoris eius qui istam guildam fieri fecerunt (pray for the good position of John Pollard and of Emma his wife who made this guild to come into being)

This evidences their having established a guild in that church. In Prince's opinion it was Horwood not Way which was the earliest devonshire home of the Pollard family. The 3rd son of John Pollard and Emme Doddescombe was Roger Pollard, who founded the Pollard family of Langley, Yarnscombe.[17]

Monumental brass of Alyanora Pollard (née Copleston) (d.1430), grandmother of Sir Lewis Pollard (d.1526). St Giles in the Wood parish church, Devon
Hic jacet Alyanora Pollard qui fuit uxor Joh(ann)is Pollard et filia Joh(ann)is Copleston qui obiit xxi die mensis Septembris Anno d(o)m(in)i Mill(ensi)mo CCCCXXX cuius animae propitietur Deus Amen.[21] (Here lies Eleanor / Alianore Pollard who was the wife of John Pollard and daughter of John Copleston who died on the 21st day of the month of September in the One thousandth four hundredth and thirtieth year of Our Lord of whose soul may God look upon with favour Amen.)

There are two further inscriptions on the same slab made later to commemorate two distant relations:

The 2nd son of John II Pollard and Eleanor Copleston was Robert Pollard, whose eldest son was Sir Lewis Pollard (c. 1465-1526), Justice of the Common Pleas from 1514 to 1526[22] and MP for Totnes in 1491, founder of the most influential branch of the Pollard family seated at Kings Nympton in Devon, from whom descended the Pollard Baronets.

Monument in Nuneham Courtenay Church, Oxfordshire, of Anthony Pollard (d.1577), grandson of Richard I Pollard of Way and Margaret Cockworthy, and brother and heir of John Pollard (d.1557), Speaker of the House of Commons
Heraldic stained-glass roundel in Kings Nympton Church showing arms of Stucley impaling Pollard (quartered by de Way/Davie), representing marriage of Sir Hugh Stucley (d.1559) of Affeton and Jane Pollard, a daughter of Sir Lewis Pollard (c. 1465-1526), Justice of the Common Pleas, of Kings Nympton

By this date the Pollard family had abandoned Way as a residence in favour of Horwood.

Wellington

Way became later the property of Lewis Wellington, living there when Risdon wrote his Survey of Devon (c. 1630). In a deed of 1611 Lewis Wellington of Great Torrington was described as a "woollen draper".[28] In 1651 Thomas Wellington was mayor of Great Torrington.[29]

Furse

The heiress Grace Wellington (1719-1763) brought the property to the family of her husband Philip Furse (1709-1774) of Dolton. Her son was Rev. Peter Wellington Furse (1755-1832), the owner of Way in 1810.[30] The painter Charles Wellington Furse (1868-1904) was a member of this family. The Furse family owned the Halsdon Estate in Dolton from the later 17th century and lived there until the house was sold in 1982.[31]

References

  1. Latin: "Fount/spring/source and origin"
  2. Hoskins, W.G., A New Survey of England: Devon, London, 1959 (first published 1954), p.470
  3. Pevsner, Nikolaus & Cherry, Bridget, The Buildings of England: Devon, London, 2004, p.707
  4. Coulter, James, Ancient Chapels of North Devon, 1993, p.64
  5. Risdon, Tristram (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.274, Torrington
  6. Kimber, E., & Johnson, Richard, The Baronetage of England, Volume I, London, 1711, pp.416-19, Davie of Creedy
  7. Gray, Todd & Rowe, Margery (Eds.), Travels in Georgian Devon: The Illustrated Journals of The Reverend John Swete, 1789-1800, 4 vols., Tiverton, 1999, Vol.3, p.120
  8. Way, sometimes stated incorrectly to be in the parish of Horwood, 3 miles north-east of Bideford (i.e. Swete, vol.3, p.98)
  9. "Source and origin", per Hoskins, W.G., A New Survey of England: Devon, London, 1959 (first published 1954), p.470
  10. Prince, John, (1643–1723) The Worthies of Devon, 1810 edition, p.783
  11. Vivian, Heraldic Visitations of Devon, 1895, p.597
  12. Prince, pp.271,783
  13. Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitation of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, pp.597-599, pedigree of Pollard of Way
  14. Pole, p.280
  15. Pole, Sir William (d.1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, p.256
  16. Prince, John, (1643–1723) The Worthies of Devon, 1810 edition, pp.640–644
  17. Vivian, p.599, pedigree of Pollard of Langley
  18. Vivian, p.597
  19. Risdon, p.284
  20. Per her monumental brass in St Giles in the Wood Church; Vivian gives her father incorrectly as Adam de Copleston (Vivian, p.224, pedigree of Copleston of Copleston)
  21. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ukdevon/StGilesInsideMIs.htm
  22. Hoskins, p.337
  23. Vivian, p.189, pedigree of Chudleigh of Ashton
  24. Vivian, p.39, pedigree of Bamfield of Poltimore
  25. Vivian, p.721, pedigree of Stucley of Affeton
  26. Lysons, Magna Britannia, Vol.6: Devon, 1822, Families removed or extinct since 1620
  27. Vivian, p.597
  28. Devon Record Office Z16/1/2/20 6 July 1611 9 James I
  29. Devon Record Office Z16/1/1/51 1 May 1651
  30. Risdon, pp.274, 421
  31. North Devon Record Office, Furse of Dolton, ref 4222