Watertown Dam

Watertown Dam

Watertown Dam from the south bank of the Charles River
Location of Watertown Dam
Location Watertown, Massachusetts
Coordinates 42°21′55″N 71°11′21″W / 42.36528°N 71.18917°WCoordinates: 42°21′55″N 71°11′21″W / 42.36528°N 71.18917°W
Opening date 1900
Operator(s) Department of Conservation and Recreation (Massachusetts)
Dam and spillways
Impounds Charles River
Length 220 feet (67 m)
Reservoir
Total capacity 30 acre·ft (37,000 m3)
Catchment area 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2)

The Watertown Dam spans the Charles River 980 feet (300 m) upstream from the Watertown Bridge near Watertown Square in Watertown, Massachusetts.[1] The dam is located where the Charles River tidal estuary historically ended (the tides no longer reach this point because of the downstream Charles River Dam). Watertown Dam is of earthen construction, a gravity dam. Its length is 220 feet (67 m). Its capacity is 30 acre feet (37,000 m3). Normal storage is 20 acre feet (25,000 m3). It drains an area of 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2).[2]

The history of the dam traces back to 1632 when construction of a fish weir was authorized. The current dam, maintained by the Department of Conservation and Recreation, dates from 1900. It is part of the Upper Charles River Reservation.[3]

Ecological impact

Herring gull with herring caught below the Watertown Dam

The Watertown Dam is the second of numerous dams located along the length of the Charles River. The current earthen dam creates an obstacle for the river herring that run in the spring, but herring have long been harvested at this site. The Pequossette (one of the tribes of the Massachusett people) inserted stakes into the river then interwove brushwood to create a weir that would trap the herring as the tide went out.[4]

Today, a fish ladder provides access to upstream spawning habitat as part of a system of fish passages that provide access up to river mile 20.[5] The high concentrations of blueback herring and alewife below the dam in the spring make it a popular fishing spot for herring gulls, great black-backed gulls, great blue herons, night herons and cormorants.

References

  1. ↑ "Watertown Dam". Findlakes.com. Retrieved 2014-02-04.
  2. ↑ "DCR Site Help". Mass.gov. Retrieved 2014-02-04.
  3. ↑ Haglund, Karl (2003). "12". Inventing the Charles River (Google Books). Boston: MIT Press. pp. 424–425. ISBN 978-0-262-08307-2. Retrieved 2008-09-28. A fish weir was authorized by the General Court in 1632 at the falls two miles north of Roger Clapp's 1630 landing site, the upper reach of the Charles River tidal basin.
  4. ↑ "Zubrowski: The herring run through Watertown from Mother’s Day to Father’s Day - News - Wicked Local - Boston, MA". Wicked Local. 2009-06-10. Retrieved 2014-02-04.
  5. ↑ "DFG Site Help". Mass.gov. Retrieved 2014-02-04.