Washington Referendum 71

Referendum 71 (R-71) was a vote held in 2009 in which the people of Washington state confirmed Senate Bill 5688, a law extending the rights and obligations of domestic partnership in Washington state. The Bill was approved 53% to 47%; this marked the first time in the United States that voters had approved a state-wide ballot measure that extended LGBT relationship rights,[1] although Arizona voters had previously rejected a ban on same-sex marriages and civil unions in 2006 (only to pass civil-unions-neutral Proposition 102 two years later). The law went into effect the day the election was certified, December 3, 2009.[2]

History

Senate Bill 5688 was signed by Governor Christine Gregoire on May 18, 2009.[3] On July 25, 2009, the organization Protect Marriage Washington turned in 137,881 signatures to the Washington Secretary of State's office. 120,577 valid signatures were required to qualify the referendum for the November 2009 ballot. After a complete count of all submitted signatures, 122,007 were officially verified [4] on September 1, 2009.

Under the Constitution of the State of Washington, laws passed by the legislature do not take effect until ninety days after the close of the legislative session, unless the state legislature declares an "emergency" requiring the law to take effect immediately. During this ninety day period citizens can attempt to force a referendum by gathering the required number of signatures. Under the constitution, that number is equal to four percent of the number of voters in the previous gubernatorial election. If enough signatures are gathered and presented to the Secretary of State before the ninety days have elapsed, then the law is placed on hold, and does not take effect unless it is approved by referendum held at the same time as the next election.[5]

Enactment of the Olympia-approved law was initially halted pending signature-verification; having received sufficient valid signatures to require voter re-confirmation, the state extended the hold until the results of the 2009 general election were made official.[6]

Washington state law mandates that when a measure already signed into law is put up for a referendum, voters vote either "approved" to confirm the law or "rejected" to oppose it. Thus, although the petition to put this law to a vote was circulated by its opponents, the ballot wording is such that voters vote in the affirmative to approve the law or in the negative to reject it.

Several lawsuits were filed to block R-71 from appearing on the ballot, but none was successful in court.[7] A second challenge to the Ballot certification brought in Thurston County by Arthur West was dismissed upon the Secretary of State's misrepresentation of the scope of the federal injunction. A third challenge brought by WFST was dismissed by agreement without review of the signature sheets There was an active lawsuit to be heard by the Supreme Court to decide if and when signatories to ballot measures are to be revealed publicly. Following the dissolution of the injunction on 11-17-11 the Secretary of State first released some copies of the R-71 signatures, but then halted such releases pending a motion for a further injunction to be heard on 11-24-11 in the 9th Circuit.

Provisions of the law

The full title of the proposal approved in the referendum was Engrossed Second Substitute Senate Bill 5688. It was intended to make domestic partnership in Washington state equivalent to marriage, without being called by that name. For this reason it is sometimes referred to as the "everything but marriage bill". The law made many changes to the Revised Code. Its overall purpose is stated in Section 1:

It is the intent of the legislature that for all purposes under state law, state registered domestic partners shall be treated the same as married spouses ...The provisions of this act shall be liberally construed to achieve equal treatment, to the extent not in conflict with federal law, of state registered domestic partners and married spouses.

Text of referendum

Ballot Title
Statement of Subject: The legislature passed Engrossed Second Substitute Senate Bill 5688[8] concerning rights and responsibilities of state-registered domestic partners [and voters have filed a sufficient referendum petition on this bill].

Concise Description: This bill would expand the rights, responsibilities, and obligations accorded state-registered same-sex and senior domestic partners to be equivalent to those of married spouses, except that a domestic partnership is not a marriage.

Should this bill be:

Approved ___
Rejected ___

Ballot Measure Summary
Same-sex couples, or any couple that includes one person age sixty-two or older, may register as a domestic partnership with the state. Registered domestic partnerships are not marriages, and marriage is prohibited except between one man and one woman. This bill would expand the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of registered domestic partners and their families to include all rights, responsibilities, and obligations granted by or imposed by state law on married couples and their families.[9]

Background

The proposal to overturn the bill was filed by Larry Stickney, president of the Washington Values Alliance, a group that opposes recognition of same-sex relationships.[10] Organizations favoring the original legislation and opposing putting the issue up for referendum, such as Equal Rights Washington and Washington Families Standing Together, led the 'Decline to Sign' campaign, urging voters not to sign the petitions to put the referendum on the November 2009 ballot.

Reaction to petition

Ed Murray, who sponsored the initial domestic partnership legislation in 2007 (Senate Bill 5336), stated:

While it's regrettable that a referendum is being filed to undo the progress we made this session to treat gay and lesbian families the same as married families, I don't believe that voters will decide in November to take away rights from anyone…[11]

Governor Gregoire stated:

I respect the peoples' right to place a referendum on the ballot following legislative action. However, I am obviously very disappointed that this message will be debated once again. I signed the original bill and believe it should be and will be the law of our great state. Washington state has a history of fighting to ensure everyone – mothers, fathers, sons, daughters, brothers, sisters – enjoys equal rights."[12]

Protect Marriage Washington argued, however, that the "consent of the governed" as per the Declaration of Independence has been withheld from same sex marriage in every state where the issue has been put to a vote of the people. It has been noted that Referendum 71 is about Domestic Partnerships and does not grant marriage equality to same sex couples.[13]

Polls

A 2007 University of Washington poll found 73% of Washington voters support some legal recognition of same-sex relationships (civil union/domestic partnership or marriage).[14] The same group in October 2009 conducted a poll (N = 754 registered voters) and found that 56% of respondents planned to vote 'approve', and 39% planned to vote 'reject.'[14]

A 2009 Elway Poll commissioned by the Faith and Freedom Network, an organization opposed to gay marriage, asked "Should homosexuals be allowed to legally marry?" The Elway Poll[15] (N = 405 registered voters) reported 43% saying yes and 50% saying no.

A September 2009 poll (N = 569 likely voters) commissioned by the Approve 71 campaign and conducted by Greenberg Quinlan Rosner (GQR) found that, when presented with the actual Referendum's language, 51% of likely voters chose to approve and 44% to reject the legislation.[16] A later GQR poll (N = 500 likely voters) released on 26 October 2009 found that the 53% approved the legislation, while 36% rejected it.[17]

An October 2009 poll by Survey USA, funded by KING-TV in Seattle showed that 50% of the 561 likely voters polled would vote for the measure while 43% would reject it, 7% unsure.

Election results

Map of results of Referendum 71 by county (green approved, red rejected)
Referendum Measure 71 concerning rights and responsibilities of state-registered domestic partners[18]
Choice Votes %
Referendum passed Yes 951,822 53.15
No 838,842 46.85
Total votes 1,790,664 100.00

Endorsers of Referendum 71

Endorsing a vote of "approve"

Newspapers:

Endorsing a vote of "reject"

Signature release controversy

The Washington State Constitution establishes the required number of signatures for ballot measures. Referendum sponsors must submit a number of signatures at least equal to 4% of the votes cast for the office of Governor in the most recent gubernatorial election in the state.[35] The state contends that the papers on which these submitted signatures are collected are typically a matter of public record, claims that signing a petition for a referendum or initiative that qualifies for a ballot is a legislative act, and thus argues that voters are entitled to know who is behind such measures.[36]

Some individuals and a group called WhoSigned.org requested these signatures for the Referendum 71 ballot application. Protect Marriage Washington filed to block the release of these signatures, arguing that, "due to the highly charged nature of the topic of Referendum 71, (domestic partnerships, gay rights, the traditional definition of marriage, etc.) that the personal information on the petitions for Referendum 71 warrant particular protection."[37] The issue escalated to the U.S. Supreme Court where on October 19, 2009 Justice Kennedy issued a temporary block to the release of the names[38] and then the following day the Court voted 8-1 (with John Paul Stevens being the lone dissenter) to withhold the signatures until the issue could receive a full hearing.[39]

The Supreme Court heard full arguments in the case, Doe v. Reed, on April 28, 2010.[40] The Supreme Court decision would likely set a precedent for public disclosure rules for all referendum and initiative petitions within all states which use those citizen procedures.[41]

On June 24, 2010, the US Supreme Court rejected Protect Marriage Washington's claims in an 8-1 decision, with only Thomas dissenting.[42] The court upheld the constitutionality of the Public Records Act under which the petition was requested. The question of whether to block release of the petition on narrower grounds was decided before the district court. Washington State's Office on Monday began making public the names of 137,500 people who signed Referendum 71 petitions two years ago to bring a domestic-partnership law to a public vote.[43]

Advertisements in popular culture

Satirist Stephen Colbert made light of one advertisement created by Protect Marriage Washington on The Colbert Report's October 26, 2009, show.[44] The ad asserts that in May 2004, gay marriage was legalized in Scandinavia and coincided with a suicide rate doubling and an illegal drug use increasing nineteen-fold.[44] Colbert went on to say the ad was "terrifying," adding, "and that ad is no less terrifying just because there is no country called Scandinavia, none of the countries in Scandinavia passed gay marriage laws in 2004, and the statistics on suicide and drug use are made up."[44]

See also

External references

References

  1. ↑ La Corte, Rachel. "Voters approve ‘everything but marriage’ bill". Associated Press. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
  2. ↑ Ammons, David. "R-71: Effective 12-3-09". From Our Corner. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
  3. ↑ The new law equates same sex civil unions with traditional marriage in every way except the title of marriage
  4. ↑
  5. ↑ Washington Constitution, Article II, Section 1
  6. ↑ Grygiel, Chris (July 25, 2009). "Gay partnership foes turn in referendum signatures". Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
  7. ↑ On September 2, 2009 King County Superior Court Judge Julie Spector [rejected http://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlepolitics/archives/178051.asp] a challenge to block a vote on the referendum. Noting that she had concerns about the validity of some of the signatures, the basis of her rejection was that it should have been filed in Thurston County. (Olympia, in Thurston County, is the state capital; the state's largest city, Seattle, is in King County).
  8. ↑ http://www.secstate.wa.gov/elections/initiatives/text/r071.pdf
  9. ↑ http://www.secstate.wa.gov/elections/initiatives/referendum.aspx
  10. ↑ Washington Values Alliance
  11. ↑ Challenge to domestic partnership expansion filed
  12. ↑ Gov. Gregoire’s statement on Referendum 71
  13. ↑ http://columbian.com/article/20091011/OPINION03/710119996/-1/OPINION Referendum 71: Pro
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 http://www.washingtonpoll.org/results.html
  15. ↑ http://www.faithandfreedom.us/pdf/F&FReport_Elway_2009.pdf
  16. ↑ http://approvereferendum71.org/09/approve-71-campaign-poll-shows-a-tough-fight-ahead-victory-hinges-on-voter-turnout/
  17. ↑ Mirabella, Joe (October 26, 2009). "BREAKING: New poll results shows lead for approve 71 campaign". Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
  18. ↑ Referendum Measure 71 concerning rights and responsibilities of state-registered domestic partners - County Results
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Washington Families Standing Together to Approve Referendum 71". Retrieved 2009-09-23.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 Wagoner, Richard (September 14, 2009). "Large employers back retaining domestic partnership benefits". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  21. ↑ http://approvereferendum71.org/10/referendum-71-2/
  22. ↑ http://wa-democrats.org/index.php?page=display&id=490
  23. ↑ http://www.washingtonmainstream.org/Blog.php?n=30
  24. ↑ "Organizations Endorsing Washington Families Standing Together". Retrieved 2009-10-26.
  25. ↑ http://www.columbian.com/article/20091015/OPINION02/710159941/-1/OPINION
  26. ↑ http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20091011/OPINION03/710119968/-1/OPINION
  27. ↑ http://www.thenewstribune.com/opinion/story/914323.html
  28. ↑ http://www.theolympian.com/opinion/story/992484.html
  29. ↑ "Referendum 71 would hasten progress toward equality". The Oregonian. October 14, 2009.
  30. ↑ "Approve Referendum 71 in the name of fundamental fairness for all Washington families". The Seattle Times. October 2, 2009.
  31. ↑ http://www.goskagit.com/home/article/approving_r_71_only_fair_and_just_way_to_vote/
  32. ↑ http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2009/oct/09/support-referendum-to-protect-rights-for-all/
  33. ↑ http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/2009-endorsements/Content?oid=2472608
  34. ↑ http://www.union-bulletin.com/articles/2009/10/14/opinion/daily_editorial/091014editorial01ref71.txt
  35. ↑ http://wei.secstate.wa.gov/osos/en/initiativesReferenda/Pages/R-71FrequentlyAskedQuestions.aspx Washington State Secretary of State R-71 Frequently Asked Questions
  36. ↑ http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20091021/NEWS01/710219703 U.S. Supreme Court shields Referendum 71 signatures
  37. ↑ "Release of Initiative and Referendum Petitions" (PDF) (Press release). Elections Division, Office of the Secretary of State, Washington. 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
  38. ↑ "Justice Kennedy blocks release of R-71 names", Seattle Times, 2009-10-19, retrieved 2009-10-20
  39. ↑ Referendum 71 in Washington State: Supreme Court Blocks Revelation of Signatories, 2009-10-20, retrieved 2009-10-27
  40. ↑ Tu, Janet (2010-04-28). "Supreme Court skeptical on keeping Ref. 71 petition names secret: Democracy takes 'civic courage'". Seattle Times.
  41. ↑ Tu, Janet (2010-04-20). "Final preparations underway in R-71 Supreme Court case". Seattle Times.
  42. ↑ http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/09pdf/09-559.pdf
  43. ↑ Turnbull, Lornet (2011-10-19). "U.S. District Court ruling on Ref. 71 signatures". Seattle Times.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/252735/october-26-2009/the-word---don-t-ask-don-t-tell The Word: Don't Ask Don't Tell – The Colbert Report