Waris language
Waris | |
---|---|
Region | Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea; Papua province, Indonesia |
Native speakers | unknown (undated figure of 4,000)[1] |
Border
| |
Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
wrs |
Glottolog |
wari1266 [2] |
Waris or Walsa is a Papuan language spoken by about 2,500 people around Wasengla, Amanab District, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, as well as about 1,500 across the border in the Indonesian province of Papua.
Phonology
Vowels
Monophthongs
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Close-mid | e | ||
Mid | ə | ||
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Near-open | æ | ||
Open | a | ɒ |
Diphthongs and triphthongs
Vi | Vɛ | Vɑ | Vɒ | Vɔ | Vu | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
iV | iɑ | |||||
ɛV | ɛɔ | ɛu | ||||
ɑV | ɑi | ɑɔ | ||||
ɒV | ɒi | |||||
ɔV | ɔi | ɔɑ | ||||
uV | ui | uɛ | uɑ | uɒ |
There are two triphthongs, /ɔɑi/ and /uɛu/.
Consonants
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | Voiceless | p | t | k | |
Prenasalised | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ||
Nasal | m | n | |||
Fricative | Voiceless | s | x | ||
Voiced | β | ||||
Trill | r | ||||
Lateral approximant | l | ||||
Approximant | w | j |
References
- ↑ Waris at Ethnologue (13th ed., 1996). Note: Undated data may come from an earlier edition.
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Waris". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- Brown, Robert (1981). "Semantic aspects of some Waris predications". In Karl J. Franklin. Syntax and semantics in Papua New Guinea languages. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 93–123.
- Brown, Robert (1988). "Waris case system and verb classification". Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 19: 37–80.
- Brown, Robert; Honoratus Wai (1986). Diksenari: Walsana moa Pisinna moa Englisna moa (A short dictionary of the Walsa [Waris] language, Tok Pisin and English). Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.