Walter H. Breen

Walter H. Breen (September 5, 1928 – April 27, 1993) was an American writer and convicted child sex offender. He is known among coin collectors for writing Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins. "Breen numbers", from his encyclopedia, are widely used to attribute varieties of coins. He is also known for activity in the science fiction fan community and for his writings in defense of pederasty.

Early life

Breen was born in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Walter Henry Breen and Mary Helena (Nellie) Brown Mehl.[1] He spent the first several years of his life living in Texas with his parents.[2] At the time they met both of Walter's parents were married to other people and living next door to each other in Parkersburg, WV. Walter's father changed his name from Walter H. Green to Breen after abandoning his wife and children to run away with Walter's mother. Later in life, Breen persistently denied that they were his birth parents and claimed to have been adopted by them as a foundling child. In reminiscences he spoke of being raised in a variety of "institutional and foster settings."[3] The 1940 census shows young Breen living in a Catholic orphanage in West Virginia, with his (by then) divorced mother living as a housekeeper in a Catholic church rectory less than two miles away. Walter's father was by that time living with another woman in Chicago; for a while after their separation his mother resumed her maiden name and young Walter went by the name William Brown. Walter strove to distinguish himself academically from a young age, attending a Catholic high school in Wheeling, West Virginia, and continued excelling academically throughout his postsecondary education. After being declared unfit for service by the Army Air Force in April 1946, Breen was accepted that October with a recorded IQ of 144;[4] following a severe beating,[5] he was honorably discharged that December. During his recovery, he read voluminously about rare coins and initiated correspondence with various members of the numismatics community, renewing his involvement in a hobby in which he had been actively engaged a few years earlier.[5] Alternatively, Breen claimed that a severe head injury suffered in a World War II plane crash led to the development of his photographic memory.[6]

He received his B.A. in mathematics from Johns Hopkins University in 1952. He later claimed he finished four years of coursework in approximately ten months, concealing the fact that as a teenaged prodigy he had already completed two years at Georgetown University during World War II, followed by a brief stint at a small Catholic college in Texas. After graduating Phi Beta Kappa, he took a position as an auction cataloger for the New Netherland Coin Company while concurrently enrolled in pre-med courses at Columbia University, where he became a protege of the controversial psychologist and numismatist William Herbert Sheldon. During this period, physicist Jack Sarfatti (who later sponsored guest workshops by Breen at meetings of the Physics/Consciousness Research Group at the Esalen Institute in 1976) alleges that Breen coordinated supposedly Sandia National Laboratories-funded parapsychological research studies of New York City gifted children (so-called "superkids," including Sarfatti and Robert Bashlow) in Sheldon's Constitutional Laboratory at Columbia Medical School from 1953 to 1956.[7] The studies allegedly included immersion in New York science fiction fandom, a connection facilitated by Breen.[7] Although Sheldon encouraged Breen to attend medical school, he eventually distanced himself from the scientist, in part due to Sheldon's professed anti-Semitism.[5]

Breen eventually enrolled in the sociology graduate program at the University of California, Berkeley, where he claimed to have researched "the Beat Generation groups on both coasts but also some of the very earliest hippies, finding out incidentally that some ideas that the bunch of us had developed in science fiction fandom had gotten into the hippie subculture and were being paraded around as their own inventions."[5] He received his M.A. in the sociology of music from the institution in 1966.

Writings

In 1951, the journal Numismatist published his earliest numismatics writings. Two years later he completed his first book on American coins, Proof Coins Struck by the United States Mint, 1817–1901.

Breen also spent considerable time compiling information on the history of homosexuality and pederastry. His research, unprecedented in its extensive treatment of the history but not adhering to the standards of scholarly research, formed the basis for his 1964 book Greek Love, which he published under the pseudonym "J.Z. Eglinton".[8] Breen collaborated with Warren Johansson in researching the book.[9] He dedicated the book to his wife, Marion Zimmer Bradley, who edited it. He also published a journal, The International Journal of Greek Love, under the same pseudnym.[8]

His other interests included dirty limericks and fortune cookies. He self-published monographs on both subjects.

Arrests and convictions

Breen, a member of NAMBLA,[3] was initially convicted of child molestation or lewd behavior in Atlantic City in 1954, resulting in a probationary sentence.[6][10] During science fiction fandom's "Breendoggle" of 1963–1964, Breen was banned from attending Pacificon II and briefly blackballed from the subculture's main amateur press association after allegations of further pedophilic acts surfaced.[10] Nevertheless, many prominent fans of the era (including John Boardman), perhaps unaware of Breen's prior conviction, dismissed the allegations as hearsay and "character assassination," and the scandal blew over.[11] Shortly thereafter, Breen married Bradley, who was cognizant of his behavior.[10] A further molestation conviction may have occurred in 1964.[6]

Breen was again arrested on child molestation charges in 1990. He accepted a plea bargain, which resulted in three years' probation.[12]

A year later, he was charged with eight felony counts of child molestation involving a 13-year-old boy.[12] Though diagnosed with liver cancer in 1992, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison. He died in prison in Chino, California on April 27, 1993.[13]

In 2014, Breen's daughter Moira Greyland said she was one of the people who reported her father for child molestation.[14]

Personal life

In addition to his employment with First Coinvestors, Inc., where he was an officer for many years, Breen was an active member of the science fiction fan community for much of his life. He wrote for fanzines, and took over editorship of the fanzine Fanac from Terry Carr and Ron Ellik.

He married science fiction writer Marion Zimmer Bradley on June 3, 1964.[15] They had two children and separated in 1979. After their separation, Breen moved to Oakland, California. Bradley remained his principal employer. They officially divorced on May 9, 1990.

He regularly wore his Phi Beta Kappa key as a zipper pull on the fly of his pants. He joined Mensa in 1958 or 1959, possibly the first American to do so.

A user of marijuana and LSD, Breen believed in reincarnation, often recalling putative past lives in Atlantis, ancient Greece and other mythological/historical epochs.[3]

Selected publications

References

  1. ↑ State of Texas, Texas Department of Health, Birth Certificate #68982
  2. ↑ US Census 1930: Precinct 1, Brooks, Texas; Enumeration District 2, Page 10B
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Walter H. Breen" (PDF). Williamapercy.com. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  4. ↑ "On Mensa And Walter Breen'S Iq". Coinbooks.org. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Numismatic Articles". Web.archive.org. 2008-01-05. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Walter Breen: Enigmatic Numismatist". Scvhistory.com. 2008-07-19. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Coming Soon". Praxisforlife.org. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Dececco, John; Bullough, Vern L (4 February 2014). Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context. Routledge. pp. 314–315. ISBN 978-1-317-76628-5.
  9. ↑ "Warren Johannson" (PDF). Williamapercy.com. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Marion Zimmer Bradley: In Her Own Words". Sff.net. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
  11. ↑ "1960s Fan History Outline, Chapter 8". Jophan.org. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Serrano, Richard A. (October 3, 1991). "Rare Coins Expert Charged With Child Molestation". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 5, 2008.
  13. ↑ "Walter Breen" (May 12, 1993). The Washington Post. Retrieved December 5, 2008.
  14. ↑ Rosenberg, Alyssa (June 27, 2014). "Re-reading feminist author Marion Zimmer Bradley in the wake of sexual assault allegations". Washington Post. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  15. ↑ State of California, Marriage Certificate #60324

Further reading