Walkabout (magazine)

Walkabout was an Australian illustrated magazine published from 1934 to 1974 combining cultural, geographic, and scientific content with travel literature.[1] Initially a travel magazine, in its forty-year run it featured a popular [2] mix of articles by travellers, officials, residents, journalists, and visiting novelists, illustrated by Australian photojournalists. Its title derived from the supposed ‘racial characteristic of the Australian aboriginal who is always on the move’.

History

Ostensibly and initially a travel magazine, Walkabout was published by the Australian National Travel Association (ANTA, formed in 1929).[3] The income they derived from its sale provided for the Association's other activities in promoting tourism, 'to place Australia on the world's travel map and keep it there.'[4] It was assertively Australian, aiming to help 'Australians and the people of other lands [...] learn more of the vast Australian continent and its nearby islands,' and came to resemble the popular magazines that were to appear after World War II, and like the United States' National Geographic Magazine.

From August 1946, Walkabout also doubled as the official journal of the newly formed Australian Geographical Society (AGS), founded with a five thousand pound grant from ANTA, its banner subscript reading 'Journal of the Australian Geographical Society'. This role is now filled by Australian Geographic magazine. Later it became ‘Australia's Way of Life Magazine’ when supported by the Australian National Publicity Association and later the Australian National Travel Association.

Modern dynamic layouts and more lively captioning under the editorship (1960-1968) of Brian McArdle (1920-1968) saw a brief increase in circulation due to more liberal, human-interest and cultural content, emulating the American Life magazine (1936-1972) and the French Réalités (1946-1979). In accounting for its demise, Max Quanchi writes '...it finally struggled against mass circulation weekly and lifestyle magazines in the early 1970s...'. In fact, Walkabout outlived Life by two years, which also succumbed to increasing publication costs, decreasing subscriptions, and to competition from other media and newspaper supplements.

In the 1960s the magazine spawned a number of book-length illustrated anthologies[5][6][7][8]

Contributors

Writers included some of Australia's most significant authors, novelists, journalists and commentators:

Photojournalism

Walkabout was an early outlet for, and promoter of, Australian photojournalism. Stories were liberally illustrated each with up to fifteen quarter-, half- and full-page photographs in black and white, and from the 1960s, sepia and colour photographs. (Walkabout also sponsored a national artistic and aesthetic photography competition in 1957 with a One Hundred Pound first prize). The original photography segment was later called "Our Cameraman's Walkabout", "Australia and the South Pacific in Pictures" (briefly including New Zealand in the title), "Australia in Pictures", "Camera Supplement" and after 1961, "Australian Scene". It began with as many as 23 photographs spread over 6-8 pages, but dropped to 6-10 photographs in the 1960s. The segment was often devoted to a single topic and in the 1960s to single-topic double-page spreads.

Significant Australian photographers included in its pages were Frank Hurley, Max Dupain, Harold Cazneaux, Wolfgang Sievers, Laurence Le Guay, David Moore, Jeff Carter and Mare Carter, David Beal, Mark Strizic, Richard Woldendorp, Rennie Ellis and Robert McFarlane, Alan Chapple, Beverley Clifford, Leo Duykers, Lee Geoffrey, Heather George, Helmut Gritscher, Brian McArdle, Ern McQuillan, Harry Mercer, Lance Nelson, Russell Roberts, John Tanner, Jozef Vissel. Photographs from Walkabout are indexed online at the National Library of Australia )

Representation of indigenous Australians

Walkabout's early to mid-century stance on depiction of Indigenous Australians was generally conservative, romantic and stereotyped,[9] a reflection of the then prevailing national attitudes.[10] An instance (see: "The Language of Tourism") was Roy Dunstan's full-length portrait entitled "Jimmy" of 1935, standing heroically with a spear and gazing to the distance. 'Jimmy' was Gwoya Jungarai, a Walbiri man, but when his image, cropped to head and shoulders,[11] appeared on the 1950 Australian stamp it was captioned just 'Aborigine'. Though belatedly named in an editorial essay, the deprecating moniker 'One Pound Jimmy' stuck.[12]

By the sixties outrage in the Australian community at the injustice of apartheid in South Africa and consciousness of the international civil rights movements changed attitudes [13] to the indigenous population. Articles from this period more even-handedly acknowledged the colonial massacres [14] alongside more sympathetic, though still somewhat patronising stories on the remote desert tribes,[15] and more in-depth and academic discussion of the complex issues of alcohol and indigenous employment appeared.[16]

Notes

  1. ↑ "NEW TRAVEL MAGAZINE." "Walkabout", a new monthly travel magazine, which will present the story of Australia beyond the cities, the South Sea Islands, and New Zealand, is being produced by the Australian National Travel Association, an organisation established five years ago, with the support of Governments and private enterprise, to make Australia's attractions known throughout the world. Containing 68 pages, the various issues of "Walkabout" will contain colourful articles by well-known writers. Pictures will be a feature of the new publication. In an explanatory note the publishers state:-"The title adopted for the magazine has an 'age-old' background and signifies a racial characteristic of the Australian aboriginal, who is always on the move. And so,month by month, 'Walkabout' will take its readers on a great 'walkabout' through the fascinating world below the equator." "NEW TRAVEL MAGAZINE.". The Sydney Morning Herald (National Library of Australia). 30 October 1934. p. 6. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  2. ↑ "It was immediately successful, with its initial print run of 20,000 copies increasing to 22,000 within three months, and reaching 30,000 by 1949. Ross, Glen. The fantastic face of the continent: the Australian Geographical Walkabout magazine. Southern Review (Adelaide), v.32, no.1, 1999: 27-41.
  3. ↑ Ross, Glen. The fantastic face of the continent: the Australian Geographical Walkabout magazine. Southern Review (Adelaide), v.32, no.1, 1999: 27-41.
  4. ↑ http://www.nla.gov.au/exhibitions/sun/anta.html
  5. ↑ A. T. Bolton, editor (1968) Walkabout's Australia : an anthology of articles and photographs from Walkabout magazine. Sydney : Ure Smith in association with the Australian National Travel Association, – Walkabout pocketbooks
  6. ↑ Farwell, G., Brian McArdle [ed.] (1968) Around Australia on Highway One. Melbourne, Vic. : Thomas Nelson (Australia)
  7. ↑ Tennison, P., McArdle, J.B. (196?) Walkabout presents the Australian scene. Melbourne: Walkabout.
  8. ↑ McArdle, B. & Fenton, P. (1968) Australian Walkabout. Melbourne : Lansdowne Press.
  9. ↑ Russell, Lynette (1994), "Going Walkabout in the 1950's: images of 'traditional' Aboriginal Australia [in Walkabout magazine.]", Bulletin (Olive Pink Society) 6 (1): 4–8, ISSN 1037-0730
  10. ↑ For a full discussion see: Rolls, Mitchell (2009): Picture imperfect: re-reading imagery of Aborigines in Walkabout, Journal of Australian Studies, (33:1): 19-35
  11. ↑ The cropped print, marked as originating from the files of the ANTA, publisher of Walkabout, is held by the National Library of Australia. In the online catalogue, annotations on the back of the print are transcribed; : "Australian aborigines in some of the remote areas of the Interior still live after the fashion of the Stone Age. They hunt their food with spear, stone axe and wear no clothes of any description." -- typescript on the reverse, ca. 1941
  12. ↑ See: McGuire, M.E. "Whiteman's Walkabout" [online]. Meanjin, Vol. 52, No. 3, Spring 1993: 517-525
  13. ↑ "Many changes in Aborigines' rights and treatment followed, including at long last full voting rights. The government gave the Commonwealth vote to all Aborigines in 1962. Western Australia gave them State votes in the same year. Queensland followed in 1965. With that, all Aborigines had full and equal rights. In 1971 the Liberal Party nominated Neville Bonner to fill a vacant seat in the Senate. He was the first Aborigine to sit in any Australian Parliament.Australian Electoral Commission "Indigenous Australians and the vote" retrieved 15 Feb 2013
  14. ↑ Murphy, J.E. 'The Massacre at Cullin-La-Ringo' Walkabout June 1966, p.20-21
  15. ↑ Rose, R. 'Man of the Desert' Walkabout, July 1966, p.20-21
  16. ↑ Graham, D. The 'Aborigine and the Future' Walkabout January 1968, p. 32-34

References