Wakan Tanka
In the Lakota way of life, Wakan Tanka[1][2] (Standard Lakota Orthography: Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka) is the term for "the sacred" or "the divine". This is usually translated as "The Great Spirit". However, according to Russell Means, its meaning is closer to "Great Mystery" as Lakota spirituality is not henotheistic.[3] Before their attempted conversion to Christianity, the Sioux used Wakȟáŋ Tȟáŋka to refer to an organization of sacred entities whose ways were mysterious: thus, "The Great Mystery".[4]
Interpretations
It is interpreted as the power or the sacredness that resides in everything, resembling some animistic and pantheistic beliefs. This term describes every creature and object as wakȟáŋ ("holy") or having aspects that are wakȟáŋ.[3]
Wakan Tanka was supposed to have placed the stones and minerals in the ground; Also, supposed to change the seasons and weather, and plants were supposed to have come out of the ground by hands.
Cognate terms in other Siouan languages
Wakan Tanka or Wakan is also known as Wakanda in the Omaha-Ponca, Ioway-Otoe-Missouri, Kansa and Osage languages; and Wakatakeh in Quapaw. In addition, there is Ho-Chunk Mahanah, Mandan Omahank, and Tutelo Mahomny.
See also
Further reading
- The Holy Bible, in the language of the Dakotas: translated out of the original tongues. 1883.
References
- ↑ The Indians' Book. Edited by Natalie Curtis Burlin. p38-40
- ↑ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 4. Smithsonian Institution, 1852. p302
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rice, Julian (1998). Before the great spirit: the many faces of Sioux spirituality. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-1868-1.
- ↑ Helen Wheeler Bassett, Frederick Starr. The International Folk-lore Congress of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, July, 1893. Charles H. Sergel Company, 1898. p221-226