Vulval vestibule

Vulval Vestibule

Vestibule marked by a dotted line
Details
Latin vestibulum vaginæ
Identifiers
Gray's p.1264
TA A09.2.01.011
FMA 19970
Anatomical terminology

The vulval vestibule (or vulvar vestibule) is a part of the vulva between the labia minora into which the urethral opening and the vaginal opening open. Its edge is marked by Hart's line. It represents lower end of urogenital sinus from stage of embryo.[1]

Opening structures

Structures opening in vestibule are: urethra, vagina, bartholin's glands, Skene's ducts.[1]

The external urethral orifice (orificium urethræ externum; urinary meatus) is placed about 28.5 mm[2] behind the glans clitoridis and immediately in front of that of the vagina; it usually assumes the form of a short, sagittal cleft with slightly raised margins. Nearby are the openings of the Skene's ducts.

The vaginal orifice is a median slit below and behind the opening of the urethra; its size varies inversely with that of the hymen.

To the left and right of the vulval vestibule are the labia minora. In front of it are the clitoral hood, clitoral frenulum, and the clitoral glans. Posterior to it is the posterior commisure of the labia minora and the frenulum labiorum pudendi.

The sides of the vestibule are visible as Hart’s line on the inside of the inner lips. Hart's line is the outer edge of the area and marks the change from vulvar skin to the smoother transitional skin of the vulva. [3]

Pathology

The prevalence of pain at the vulvar vestibule is relatively common. A study by the University of Michigan found that about 28% of women have experienced vulvar vestibular pain in the past, and about 8% had the pain in the last 6 months.[4]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Manual of Obstetrics. (3rd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1-16. ISBN 9788131225561.
  2. ↑ BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology May 2005, Vol. 112, pp. 643–646
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ Reed, BD; Crawford, S; Couper, M; Cave, C (2004). "Pain at the vulvar vestibule: a web-based survey.". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 8 (1): 48–57. doi:10.1097/00128360-200401000-00011. Retrieved April 20, 2012.

Sources