Voiceless labiodental fricative
| Voiceless labiodental fricative | |
|---|---|
| f | |
| IPA number | 128 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) |
f |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0066 |
| X-SAMPA |
f |
| Kirshenbaum |
f |
| Braille |
 |
| Sound | |
 source · help | |
The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in a number of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨f⟩.
Features
Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | фы | [fə] | 'lightning' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
| Adyghe | тфы |  [tfə] | 'five' | Corresponds to [xʷ] in Kabardian and Proto-Circassian | |
| Albanian | faqe | [facɛ] | 'cheek' | ||
| Arabic | Standard[1] | ظرف | [ðˤɑrf] | 'envelope' | See Arabic phonology |
| Armenian | Eastern[2] | ֆուտբոլ | [fut̪bol] | 'football' | |
| Basque | fin | [fin] | 'thin' | ||
| Catalan[3] | fase | [ˈfazə] | 'phase' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chechen | факс / faks | [faks] | 'fax' | ||
| Chinese | Cantonese | 佛 fat6 | [fɐt˨] | 'Buddha' | See Cantonese phonology |
| Mandarin | 飛 fēi | [feɪ̯˥] | 'to fly' | See Mandarin phonology | |
| Coptic | ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ | [ftow] | 'four' | ||
| Czech | foukat | [foʊ̯kat] | 'to blow' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch[4] | fiets | [fits] | 'bike' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | All dialects | fill | [fɪl] | 'fill' | See English phonology |
| Baltimorese | think | [fɪŋk] | 'think' | Heard mostly in the speech of infants who have yet to master the /θ/ sound. Otherwise, it is only ever heard in adult speech when the speaker in question speaks either some Cockney or South African English dialect. Allegedly also present in the speech of lower class speakers of the Estuary dialect. Corresponds to /θ/ in other dialects. See th-fronting | |
| Cockney | |||||
| Estuary | |||||
| South African | |||||
| Ewe[5] | ? | [éfá] | 'he was cold' | ||
| French[6] | fabuleuse | [fabyløz] | 'fabulous' | See French phonology | |
| Galician | faísca | [faˈiska] | 'spark' | ||
| German | fade | [faːdə] | 'insipid' | See German phonology | |
| Goemai | [fat] | 'to blow' | |||
| Greek | φύση fysī | [ˈfisi] | 'nature' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Gujarati | ફળ faļ | [fəɭ] | 'fruit' | See Gujarati phonology | |
| Hebrew | סופר | [so̞fe̞ʁ] | 'writer' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | |
| Hindi | साफ़ | [sɑːf] | 'clean' | See Hindustani phonology | |
| Hungarian | figyel | [fiɟɛl] | 'he/she pays attention' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Italian | fantasma | [fanˈta.zma] | 'ghost' | See Italian phonology | |
| Kabardian | фыз | [fəz] | 'woman' | Corresponds to [ʂʷ] in Adyghe and Proto-Circassian | |
| Kabyle | afus | [afus] | 'hand' | ||
| Macedonian | фонетика | [fɔnetika] | 'phonetics' | See Macedonian phonology | |
| Malay | feri | [feri] | 'ferry' | ||
| Maltese | fenek | [fenek] | 'rabbit' | ||
| Norwegian | filter | [filtɛɾ] | 'filter' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Polish[7] | futro | [ˈfut̪rɔ] | 'fur' | See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese[8] | fogo | [ˈfoɡʊ] | 'fire' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Punjabi | ਫ਼ੌਜੀ | [fɔːd͡ʒi] | 'soldier' | ||
| Romanian[9] | foc | [fo̞k] | 'fire' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Russian[10] | орфография | [ɐrfɐˈɡrafʲɪjə] | 'orthography' | Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology | |
| Slovak | fúkať | [fuːkac] | 'to blow' | ||
| Somali | feex | [fɛħ] | 'wart' | See Somali phonology | |
| Spanish[11] | fantasma | [fã̈n̪ˈt̪äzmä] | 'ghost' | See Spanish phonology | |
| Swedish | fisk | [ˈfɪsk] | 'fish' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Turkish | saf | [säf] | 'pure' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Ukrainian | Фастів | [ˈfɑ.sʲtʲiw] | 'Fastiv' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Urdu | صاف | [sɑːf] | 'clean' | See Hindustani phonology | |
| Vietnamese[12] | pháo | [faːw˧ˀ˥] | 'firecracker' | See Vietnamese phonology | |
| Welsh | ffon | [fɔn] | 'stick' | See Welsh phonology | |
| West Frisian | fol | [foɫ] | 'full' | ||
| Yi | ꃚ fu | [fu˧] | 'roast' | ||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[13] | cafe | [kafɘ] | 'coffee' | Used primarily in loanwords from Spanish |
See also
- List of phonetics topics
References
- ↑ Thelwall (1990:37)
- ↑ Dum-Tragut (2009:18)
- ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- ↑ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
- ↑ Ladefoged (2005:156)
- ↑ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ↑ Jassem (2003:103)
- ↑ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ↑ DEX Online :
- ↑ Padgett (2003:42)
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán et al. (2003:255)
- ↑ Thompson (1959:458–461)
- ↑ Merrill (2008:109)
Bibliography
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
- Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
- Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
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